鱼类的天然雌核发育

<正> 1.孤雌生殖,雌核发育和杂合发育单性型种群在脊椎动物中是罕见的。尽管如此,到目前为止几乎已在各类脊椎动物中发现了单性型种群。该种群通常涉及3种繁殖方式,即孤雌生殖(parthenogenesis)、雌核发育(gynogenesis)和杂合发育(hybridogenesis)。

鱼类的人工雌核生殖

<正> 雌核生殖(gynogenesis)是单性生殖(parthenogenesis)的一种,指卵子依靠自己的细胞核直接发育成个体的生殖行为。自然界实行雌核生殖的动物有:蜜蜂、蚂蚁、蚜虫,水蚤、轮虫、丰年虫、银鲫、食蚊鱼(Poecilliopsis)的一些种类(如花鳉Poecilia formosa)等等。

Expression of the lacZ reporter gene in sporophytes of the seaweed Laminaria japonica (Phaeophyceae) by gametophyte-targeted transformation

The seaweed Laminaria japonica (Phaeophyceae) has a two-generation life cycle consisting of haploid gametophytes and diploid sporophytes. Female and/or male gametophytes were transformed using particle bombardment and the histological LacZ assay was performed on sporophytes generated by either parthenogenesis or inbreeding. Female gametophyte-targeted transformation resulted in similar lower efficiencies in both parthenogenetic and zygotic sporophytes, and only a chimeric expression pattern was observed. Male gametophyte-targeted transformation led to a higher efficiency, with 3.5% of the zygotic sporophytes stained completely blue (all-blue), implying the integration of lacZ at the one-cell stage. Polymerase chain reaction analysis using primers specific for a lacZ-vector juncture fragment and subsequent blotting indicated the presence of the introduced gene in the sporophytes. The method reported here has a potential for seaweed transformation using spore-based bombardment followed by the developmental process.

Review of genetic engineering of Laminaria japonica (Laminariales, Phaeophyta) in China

Progress has been made in establishing a genetic transformation model for Laminaria japonica (Phaeophyta, Laminariales). The model includes introduction of foreign genes by biolistic bombardment, use of promoter SV40 to drive gene expression, algal regeneration by parthenogenesis and selection by chloramphenicol or hygromycin.