8 resultados para Parabramis pekinensis

em Chinese Academy of Sciences Institutional Repositories Grid Portal


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<正> 鲂属(Magalobrama)鱼类在我国分布很广,是一类较大型的经济鱼类,以其肉味腴美而著名。鲂鱼具有三个可贵的优点:(1)主要的食物为水草;(2)可在湖泊等静止水体中产卵繁殖;(3)生长比较迅速。无论是在发展湖泊渔业方面,抑或是在扩大淡水养殖品种方面,鲂鱼将成为主要的对象之一。因而掌握它们的生态习性和活动规律,有着重大的意义。鲂与鳊(Parabramis pekinensis)常被混称为“鳊鱼”或“鲂鱼”。其所以这样称呼,是根据它们的体型都是相当侧扁和体高很大呈斜方形的轮廓这些显著特征而来的。明

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The use of malachite green (MG) in fish farming is prohibited in China due to its potentially toxicological and carcinogenic nature, but it is still illegally used in some places. Uptake, accumulation and deputation of MG in various tissues were studied under laboratory conditions in three common freshwater fish, Parabramis pekinensis (plant-eating fish), Carassius auratus (omnivorous fish) and Ophiocephalus argus (carnivorous fish). The concentrations of MG and its primary metabolite, the reduced and colorless leucomalachite green (LMG), were analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS2). Absorption of MG occurred during the waterborne exposure and the MG concentrations in gills of the three fish species all showed a maximum at 0 h after an acute water exposure (6 mg l(-1) MG for 20 min). Afterwards, both MG and LMG declined very rapidly in the blood of the fish. Levels of MG and LMG were still above 0.002 mu g g(-1) in fresh weight muscle at 240 h and may persist for as long as 10 days. Most MG was converted rapidly to LMG in the fish and deputation of LMG was very slow in fat tissue. skin and gonads of the fish. Distribution of LMG was strongly dependent on the fat content in the tissues of the fish, but not related to their different feeding habits. Therefore, it appears that fat tissue, skin and gonads of the fish contaminated by MG and LMG pose the greatest risk for human consumption. (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier B.V.

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Wuchang bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) is an economically important fish in China. From a (GT)(13)-enriched genomic library, 20 microsatellites were developed. Nine of these 20 loci were polymorphic in a test population with allele numbers ranging from two to four, and the observed and expected heterozygosities ranging from 0.2609 to 0.7826 and from 0.3739 to 0.7546, respectively. In the cross-species amplifications, six of these nine loci were also polymorphic in white amur bream (Parabramis pekinensis). These polymorphic microsatellite loci are potentially useful for population genetics of Wuchang bream and its closely related species.

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<正> 鳊鱼是很名贵的经济鱼类,亦称(鱼边)角,东北地区称鳊花。在我国的江河中分布很广,长江及松花江流域中最为丰盛。这种鱼最初的记载是在1844年,学名为Leuciscus bramula,是Cuvier和Valencienes两氏订立的。后来在1846及1855年中,Richardson和Basilewsky两氏又先后记述了这种鱼类;并分别订为Abramis bramula和Abramis pekinensis。到1865年,Bleeker氏才确定这种鱼的属名为Parabramis,借以和只有一行咽喉齿

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<正> (一)前言鸟类和人生经济关系是多方面的,通常依据它们的食性可将其分为益鸟和害鸟,研究利用和保护益鸟,防除害鸟是我国动物学者目前最重要而最迫切的任务。北京雨燕在兰州是最常见的夏候鸟,数目很多,可是以往对它的生物学研究却很少。笔者因为工作方便的关系,在兰州进行了雨燕目鸟类的调查,已知兰州及其附近除北京雨燕[Apus apus pekinensis(Swinhoe)]外,尚有白腰雨燕[Apus pacificus(Latham)]。不过后者

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<正> 鳊鱼类是我国鲤科鱼类中分布得很广的一类经济鱼。从1846年理查逊(Rich-ardson)首先记述起,许多中外鱼类学者就陆续地发表了这方面的材料。到目前为止,鱼类分类学者多数认为中国的鳊鱼类应分别属于两个属,即鳊属——Pa-rabramis,和鲂属——Megalobrama。鳊属中仅有一个种,即是鳊鱼——Parabramis

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研究黄土丘陵区植被次生演替灌木群落形成过程中土壤养分的变化情况。【方法】以白羊草群落为对照,选取杠柳、狼牙刺、丁香、虎榛子和柠条5种乡土树种为研究对象,测定其土壤养分含量,计算灌木群落形成变化过程中的土壤养分指数(Soil Nutrient Index,SNI),分析了各养分因子间的线性相关关系。【结果】不同灌木初期对土壤养分的适应能力大小顺序为:柠条(0.072)>狼牙刺(0.114)>杠柳(0.163)>丁香(0.172)>虎榛子(0.292)。不同植被物种群落土壤SNI值大小顺序为:虎榛子群落(0.979)>狼牙刺群落(0.535)>柠条群落(0.457)>丁香群落(0.341)>杠柳群落(0.333)>白羊草群落(0.145)。从不同灌木群落形成过程所产生的土壤养分改善效应来看,各参试群落相对于白羊草群落土壤养分的增幅分别为:虎榛子(4.740倍)、狼牙刺(2.909倍)、柠条(2.661倍)、杠柳(1.169倍)和丁香(1.168倍)。各土壤养分因子间除土壤全磷与有效磷和有效钾的相关性不显著外,其余各土壤养分因子间均表现出极显著的线性相关关系(P<0.01)。【结论】不同灌木种群所需的适宜土...

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随着工农业的快速发展,土壤重金属尤其Cd和Pb污染日益严重。筛选和培育具有重金属低积累特性的农作物排异品种被认为是当前应对土壤重金属污染最为合理和有效的途径之一。本文通过盆栽试验、大田试验和砂培试验,研究了大白菜品种对Cd和Pb的吸收和积累的品种差异、对Cd、Pb胁迫的响应以及大白菜安全生产的调控技术,得出以下结论: 1) 盆栽梯度试验中,80种大白菜地上部对Cd的吸收存在显著差异(p < 0.05)。在3种Cd处理下(1.0, 2.5和5.0 mg/kg),80种大白菜Cd含量浓度范围分别为(mg/kg) 0.22–2.46, 0.90–14.10和2.03–18.01, 其平均值分别为 0.79, 3.76 和6.79 mg/kg DW。大白菜对Cd胁迫具有较强的耐性。大田试验中,15种大白菜的富集系数和转运系数与盆栽梯度试验的结果基本一致。排异植物的筛选和鉴定标准包括:(1)该植物的地上部和根部的Cd含量都很低或者可食部位低于有关标准;(2) 富集系数(BF) < 1.0;(3) 转运系数(TF) < 1.0;(4)该植物具有较高的Cd耐性,在较高的Cd污染下能够正常生长且生物量无显著下降。采用此标准,结合盆栽梯度试验和大田试验结果,北京新3号、绿星70和丰源新3号可鉴定为Cd排异品种。秋傲和赛新5号具有排异Cd特性,但其对Cd的耐性较差。 2) 盆栽梯度试验中,在Pb投加浓度为500和1500 mg/kg处理下,30种大白菜地上部对Pb的吸收存在显著差异 (p < 0.05),其Pb浓度的范围分别为:0.52–8.68 和1.86–16.20 mg/kg, 其平均值分别为3.01 和6.87 mg/kg DW。并且,随着Pb浓度的增加,白菜地上部Pb含量有随之增加的趋势。大白菜对Pb具有较强的耐性。低浓度的Pb处理对大白菜的生物具有一定的促进作用。结合盆栽试验和大田试验的结果,秋傲、世博秋抗和福星80可鉴定为Pb排异大白菜品种。 3) 砂培试验中,在Cd和Pb胁迫下,大白菜地上部的丙二醛(MDA)含量增加,随着Cd处理浓度的增加,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性呈现先下降后上升接着下降的趋势,酸菜王的SOD活性要高于北京新3号SOD的活性。随着Pb处理浓度的增加,福星80地上部的SOD活性随之增加,而绿星大棵菜地上部的SOD活性先下降后增加。在不同梯度的Cd处理下,大白菜地上部的可溶性蛋白(SP)含量未见显著降低,甚至有所增加,而在不同梯度的Pb处理下,大白菜地上部的SP含量有所降低。 4) 施用改良剂可升高土壤的pH值和降低土壤中的有效态Cd,从而对大白菜的生长具有促进作用。施用改良剂可显著降低大白菜对Cd和Pb的吸收和累积。