Synthesis of biodiesel from waste cooking oil using immobilized lipase in fixed bed reactor

Waste cooking oil (WCO) is the residue from the kitchen, restaurants, food factories and even human and animal waste which not only harm people's health but also causes environmental pollution. The production of biodiesel from waste cooking oil to partially substitute petroleum diesel is one of the measures for solving the twin problems of environment pollution and energy shortage. In this project, synthesis of biodiesel was catalyzed by immobilized Candida lipase in a three-step fixed bed reactor. The reaction solution was a mixture of WCO, water, methanol and solvent (hexane). The main product was biodiesel consisted of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME), of which methyl oleate was the main component. Effects of lipase, solvent, water, and temperature and flow of the reaction mixture on the synthesis of biodiesel were analyzed. The results indicate that a 91.08% of FAME can be achieved in the end product under optimal conditions. Most of the chemical and physical characters of the biodiesel were superior to the standards for 0(#)diesel (GB/T 19147) and biodiesel (DIN V51606 and ASTM D-6751).

Lipase-catalyzed synthesis of biodiesel from acid oil in fixed bed reactor

Acid oil, which is a by-product in vegetable oil refining, mainly contains free fatty acids (FFAs) and acylglycerols and is a feedstock for production of biodiesel fuel now. The transesterification of acid oil and methanol to biodiesel was catalyzed by immobilized Candida lipase in fixed bed reactors. The reactant solution was a mixture of acid oil, water, methanol and solvent (hexane) and the main product was biodiesel composed of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) of which the main component was methyl oleate. The effects of lipase content, solvent content, water content temperature and flow velocity of the reactant on the reaction were analyzed. The experimental results indicate that a maximum FAME content of 90.18% can be obtained in the end product under optimum conditions. Most of the chemical and physical properties of the biodiesel were superior to the standards for 0(#) diesel (GB/T 19147) and biodiesel (DIN V51606 and ASTM D6751).

Conversion of Soybean oil to Biodiesel Fuel with Immobilized Candida Lipase on Textile Cloth

The characteristic of biodiesel fuel production from transesterification of soybean oil is studied. The reactant solution is the mixture of soybean oil, methanol, and solvent. A new lipase immobilization method, textile cloth immobilization, was developed in this study. Immobilized Candida lipase sp. 99-125 was applied as the enzyme catalyst. The effect of flow rate of reaction liquid, solvents, reaction time, and water content on the biodiesel yield is investigated. Products analysis shows that the main components in biodiesel are methyl sterate, methyl hexadecanoate, methyl oleate, methyl linoleate, and methyl linolenate. The test results indicate that the maximum yield of biodiesel of 92% was obtained at the conditions of hexane being the solvent, water content being 20 wt%, and reaction time being 24 h.

人参四逆汤抗休克作用的有效组分成分分析

分析人参四逆汤抗失血性休克作用的提取组分 S- 1和 S- 7的组成成分。方法　结合硅胶色谱柱分离 ,利用 ESI/MSn、MAL DI- TOF/MS等技术分析鉴定 S- 1和 S- 7的化学成分。结果　从人参四逆汤水煎液的抗休克作用的有效组分 S- 7中分析和鉴定了人参皂苷 - Ra1 、- Ra2 、- Rb1 、- Rb2 、- Rb3、- Rc、- Rd、- Re、- Rg1 、- Rg2 、- Rg3、- Rf等 12种人参皂苷 ;从有效组分 S- 1中检出下列二萜生物碱成分 :苯甲酰次乌头碱油酸酯 (14 - benzoylhypaconine- 8-linoleate,HAL )、苯甲酰去氧乌头碱油酸酯 (14 - benzoyldeoxyaconine- 8- oleate,HAO )、苯甲酰次乌头碱棕榈酸酯(14 - benzoylhypaconine- 8- palmitate,HAP)、苯甲酰中乌头碱 (benzoylmesaconitine,BM)、苯甲酰乌头碱 (benzoyla-conitine,BA)、苯甲酰次乌头碱 (benzoylhypaconitine,BH)。结论...

人参四逆汤成分的研究

利用ESI/MS~n、LC/MS、MALDI-TOF/MS等技术,从人参四逆汤水煎液中分析和鉴定了10种二萜生物碱:苯甲酰中乌头碱benzoylmesaconitine、苯甲酰乌头碱henzoylaconitine、苯甲酰次乌头碱benzoylhypacoitine、尼奥灵neoline、附子灵fuziline、14-乙酰基塔拉地萨敏14-acetyl-talatisamine、苯甲酰次乌头碱亚油酸酯14-benzoylhypaconine-8-linoleate、苯甲酰去氧乌头碱亚油酸酯14-benzoydeoxyaconine-8-oleate、苯甲酰次乌头碱棕榈酸酯14-benzoylhypaconine-8-palmitate、塔拉地萨敏talatisamine和人参皂甙R_(a1)、R_(a2)、R_(b1)、R_(b2)、R_(b3)、R_c、R_d、R_e、R_(g1)、R_(g2)、R_(g3)、R_f等12种人参皂甙。脂肪酸酯型生物碱和苯甲酰类生物碱的提取组分有抗失血性休克作用和弱的正性肌力作用。人参皂甙的提取组分具有明显的负性肌力作用。