69 resultados para Num. 1.3.4, 1.3.5 y 1.3.6 Título VIII Capítulo Primero Circular Unica Superintendencia de Industria y Comercio

em Chinese Academy of Sciences Institutional Repositories Grid Portal


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The extraction of rare earth elements from chloride medium by mixtures of sec-nonylphenoxy acetic acid (CA100) with bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) dithiophosphinic acid (Cyanex301) or bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) monothiophosphinic acid (Cyanex302) in n-heptane has been studied. The synergistic enhancement of the extraction of lanthanum (III) by mixtures of CA100 with Cyanex301 has been investigated using the methods of slope analysis and constant mole. The extracted complex of lanthanum (III) is determined. The logarithm of the equilibrium constant is calculated as - 1.41. The formation constants and the thermodynamic functions, Delta H, Delta G, and Delta S have also been determined.

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The synergistic effect of 1-phenyl-3-methyl-4-benzoyl-pyrazalone-5 (HPMBP, HA) and di-(2ethylhexyl)-2-ethylhexylphosphonate (DEHEHP, B) in the extraction of rare earths (RE) from chloride solutions has been investigated. Under the experimental conditions used, there was no detectable extraction when DEHEHP was used as a single extractant while the amount of RE(III) extracted by HPMBP alone was also low. But mixtures of the two extractants at a certain ratio had very high extractability for all the RE (III). For example, the synergistic enhancement coefficient was calculated to be 9.35 for Y3+, and taking Yb3+ and Y3+ as examples, RE3+ is extracted as RE(OH)A(2).B. The stoichiometry, extraction constants and thermodynamic functions such as Gibbs free energy change Delta G (-17.06kJmol(-1)), enthalpy change Delta H (-35.08kjmol(-1)) and entropy change Delta S (-60.47JK(-1)mol(-1)) for Y3+ at 298 K were determined. The separation factors (SF) for adjacent pairs of rare earths were calculated. Studies show that the binary extraction system not only enhances the extraction efficiency of RE(III) but also improves the selectivity, especially between La(III) and the other rare earth elements.

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The synergistic effect of 1-phenyl-3-methyl-4-benzoyl-pyrazalone-5 (HPMBP) and triisobutylphosphine sulphide (TIBPS, B) is investigated in the extraction of lanthanum(III) from chloride solution. Lanthanum(III) is extracted by the mixture as LaCl2.PMBP.B-0.5 instead of La(PMBP)(3).(HPMBP) which is extracted by HPMBP alone. The equilibrium constants and thermodynamic functions such as DeltaG, DeltaH and DeltaS are determined. The extraction of other rare earth ions by mixtures of HPMBP and TIBPS is also studied and the possibility of separating rare earth ions is discussed.

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We measured spectroscopic and laser action properties of a novel 8-position substituted pyrromethene-BF2, namely 1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-2,6-diethyl-8-n-propyl pyrromethene-BF2 complex. The laser action was performed with the corresponding dye solution in ethanol, which was placed in a Littman-type laser cavity pumped by the second harmonic of a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser. The spectroscopic measurements clearly indicated that the corresponding dye solution in ethanol exhibited intense absorption in the visible spectral region with large fluorescence quantum yield. It possesses rather low triplet-triplet absorption in the spectral region 460-550 nm and almost negligible triplet-triplet absorption in the lasing spectral region. As a consequence, it lases nearly as efficiently as commercially available benchmark laser dyes such as Rhodamine-6G and outperformed them in wavelength tunability in our laser cavity and pump geometry. (C) 2002 Optical Society of America.

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To search for compounds with superior anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) activity, ten 5,5'-(p-phenylenebisazo)-8-hydroxyquinoline sulfonates (4a-j) were synthesized and preliminarily evaluated as HIV-1 inhibitors in vitro for the first time. Some compounds demonstrated anti-HIV-1 activity, especially 5,5'-(p-phenylenebisazo)-8-hydroxyquinoline p-ethylbenzenesulfonate (4g) and 5,5'-(p-phenylenebisazo)-8-hydroxyquinoline p-chlorobenzenesulfonate (41) showed the more potent anti-HIV-1 activity with 50% effective concentration (EC50) values of 2.59 and 4.01 mu g/ml, and therapeutic index (TI) values of 31.77 and 24.51, respectively.

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A series of new 1,1'-bi-2-naphthol (BINOL) derived ligands, 3-[6-(hydroxymethyl)pyridin-2-yl]-BINOLs or 3,3'-bis[6(hydroxymethyl)pyridin-2-yl]-BINOLs, bearing one or two chiral pyridinylmetlianols attached to a binaphthyl skeleton, have been synthesized using the Suzuki cross-coupling reaction. The resulting compounds have been used as ligands in the enantioselective addition of diethylzinc to aldehydes; the products were obtained with up to 96% ee.

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Neuromelanin is a complex polymer pigment found primarily in the dopaminergic neurons of the human substantia nigra, whose composition is complex including production of dopamine auto-oxidation, glutathione and a variety of amino acid. Neuromelanin forms stable complex with iron (111). We observed that 5,6-dihydroxyindole and its ramification possessed strong ability of chelating iron (111), and they are the production of dopamine auto-oxidation under physiological pH condition. In the present Of L-Cysteine, the relative yields of electrochemical oxidation of dopamine also had strong ability of chelating iron (111). The experimental results suggest that 5,6-dihydroxyindole and 5-S-cysteineldopamine play important roles in the process of synthetic neuromelanin chelating iron (111).

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MH-Ni电池具有电化学比能量高、耐过充/放电性能好、无记忆效应和环境友好等优点而得到广泛应用.金属氢化物电极是MH-Ni电池的核心材料,其研究工作主要集中在稀土AB_5系、钛系、锆系和镁基等合金作为MH-Ni电池金属氢化物电极方面.但这些体系合金的电化学容量低,活化

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本论文共合成了两种类型12个稀土金属配合物和一个硅化合物,分别对它们进行了红外、核磁等表征,对其中的9个配合物进行了晶体结构的测定。考察了配体结构和反应条件对所生成的配合物结构的影响,研究了稀土单烷基配合物的反应性,以及稀土双烷基配合物在烷基铝和有机硼盐的共同作用下对丁二烯聚合的催化活性和选择性。主要工作内容和结论如下: (1) 合成了噻吩苯胺配体(HL1),该配体与(Lu,Y)稀土三烷基化合物反应,通过C–H活化和烷基消除反应制备了稀土(Lu,Y)单烷基配合物1和2,配体以少见的C,N模式配位,S原子并不参与配位。配体(HL1)与Sc三烷基化合物反应制备了配体分别以C, N和N, S配位的双配的Sc配合物5。 (2) 通过改变反应时间和溶剂体系,HL1与稀土钇三烷基化合物反应可得到罕见的由稀土烷基化物和胺化物两部分组成的配合物3,它们通过噻吩环上活化的C原子连接在一起。HL1和Lu(CH2SiMe3)2(THF)2LiCH2SiMe3在甲苯和正己烷溶剂中反应可得到以L12Lu(CH2SiMe3)2为阴离子,Li(THF)4为阳离子的离子对4。 (3) 研究配合物1和2的反应性。1和2与过量的PhSiH3反应得到中心金属与Si元素交换的Si化合物。 (4) 合成了噻吩苯基膦胺配体(HL2-4)和苯基膦胺配体(HL5)配体。HL2-5与稀土(Y, Lu和Sc)三烷基化合物反应制备了稀土双烷基配合物6,7,8,9,10,11和12。进一步研究了稀土金属双烷基配合物6–12对丁二烯的催化特性,发现该系列催化剂具有独特的催化性质,能够催化丁二烯高反1,4-聚合(91.3%),得到的聚合物分子量在1到2万之间,分子量分布较窄(1.4–1.6)。 (5) 研究了金属钇(Y),镥(Lu),钪(Sc)三种中心金属对丁二烯聚合活性和反式1,4选择性的影响,发现催化剂对丁二烯聚合活性和反1,4选择性取决于配合物的中心金属原子,其中选择性最高为钪配合物,催化活性最佳的为钇配合物。 (6) 研究了配体HL2-4的N-芳环上的取代基分别为甲基,乙基,异丙基时催化体系对丁二烯反式1,4聚合活性和选择性的影响,发现随着N-芳环上取代基空间位阻的增大,催化剂活性逐渐下降,选择性逐渐增加,但当其取代基为异丙基时,过大的空间位阻导致活性和选择性同时有明显的下降。我们通过改变噻吩基为苯基,比较了相同聚合条件下含噻吩基的稀土双烷基配合物和含苯基的稀土双烷基配合物对丁二烯聚合活性和选择性的影响,发现噻吩环的存在对催化剂的活性和选择性有较大的影响。 (7) 在相同催化剂条件下,研究了不同聚合条件(不同类型的AlR3,不同类型的Borate,Al/Ln比等)对丁二烯反1,4聚合活性和选择性的影响。 我们发现,在AlR3和Borate这两种影响因素中,以烷基铝的类型对催化剂催化活性和选择性的影响最大,而有机硼盐的影响则比较轻微,其中以烷基铝为AliBu3,Borate为[B(C6F5)4][Me2NHPh]时,反1,4选择性为最佳。Al/Ln增大并不能够显著增加催化剂的活性,对选择性的影响也并不明显,相反,随着铝比的增加,聚合过程中的链转移增加,导致分子量下降,对于该系列稀土烷基催化剂,最佳Ln/Al 为10。

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der="0" alt="" hspace="8" width="100" height="100" align="left" />通常的气体动力学方法,当气体分子的平均自由程与流场特征长度相比不可忽略时,不再适用,要采用稀薄气体动力学的方法。这适用于航天飞行器在高空飞行时受的力和热,也适用于微机电系统和真空系统等离子体材料加工等21世纪技术前沿领域。本书系统、简明地阐述稀薄气体动力学方法,给出方法的基础并着重介绍直接模拟Monte Carlo(DSMC)方法以及与低速稀薄气体流动相关的前沿课题。全书共分7章。前两章是作为学科的基础引入的,第1章以空气为对象对于分子能态结构、能态分布以极小篇幅作了简要概括的叙述,以作为了解稀薄气流非平衡现象物理基础的初步。第2章对包括双体碰撞、Boltzmann方程以及气体的平衡态等分子动理论的基础做了必要的讨论,其中包括了对唯像论分子相互作用模型、变径硬球(VHS)、变径软球(VSS)和概括化硬球(GHS)等模型的介绍。第3章讨论了各种分子和表面的相互作用模型,包括反映细致平衡的互易原理和基于此原理的CLL模型的阐述。第4章讨论自由分子流。第5章讨论应用于滑流领域的各连续介质方程及滑流边界条件,一些简单解以及热泳问题。第6章则较全面、概括地介绍了求解过程领域中的各种解析和数值方法。第7章介绍了直接模拟Monte Carlo(DSMC)方法,讨论了非平衡流动及低速稀薄流动等前沿课题,包括处理内能松弛、化学反应的方法、用于复杂流场通用软件的方法、低速稀薄流动的信息保存(IP)方法等。  本书适合高等学校力学一航空航天专业高年级学生、研究生及从事气动力学和航天研究的科研人员参考阅读。

编辑推荐

通常的气体动力学方法,当气体分子的平均自由程与流场特征长度相比不可忽略时,不再适用,要采用稀薄气体动力学的方法。这适用于航天飞行器在高空飞行时受的力和热,也适用于微机电系统和真空系统等离子体材料加工等21世纪技术前沿领域。本书系统、简明地阐述稀薄气体动力学方法,给出方法的基础并着重介绍直接模拟Monte Carlo(DSMC)方法以及与低速稀薄气体流动相关的前沿课题。

目录

符号表
绪论
第1节 稀薄气体动力学的提出
第2节 气体的分子模型
第3节 分子平均自由程
第4节 流动的领域划分
第5节 非平衡现象与稀薄气体动力学
第6节 相似准则
第1章 分子结构与能态
第1节 双原子分子
第2节 分子的能态分布
第3节 分子的内能、内自由度和内能分布函数
第2章 分子动理论基础
第1节 速度分布函数
第2节 宏观量的表达
第3节 分子的双体碰撞模型
第4节 碰撞截面与分子模型
第5节 Boltzmann方程
第6节 碰撞积分与气体分子的总碰撞数
第7节 碰撞积分的计算
第8节 Maxwell输运方程——矩方程
第9节 Maxwell分布
第10节 气体的平衡态
第11节 8速度气体模型
第12节 混合气体
第3章 分子表面相互作用
第1节 引言
第2节 镜面反射与漫反射,适应系数
第3节 互易性原理
第4节 CLL分子表面相互作用模型
第4章 自由分子流
第1节 气体中的分子数目通量和动量通量
第2节 作用于物体的气动力
第3节 表面元素的热传导
第4节 自由分子流出与热流逸
第5节 Couette流动与平板间的传热问题
第6节 无碰撞Boltzmann方程的通解,非定常流动
第5章 连续介质模型
第1节 引言
第2节 基本方程
第3节 滑流边界条件
第4节 一些简单问题的求解
第5节 热蠕动与热泳
第6章 过渡领域
第1节 概述
第2节 线化的BoltzmanN方程
第3节 矩方法
第4节 模型方程
第5节 有限差分法
第6节 间断纵坐标方法
第7节 积分方法
第8节 直接模拟方法
第7章 直接模拟Monte方法
第1节 引言
第2节 碰撞的取样
第3节 DSMC方法求解问题实例
第4节 内能的激发与松弛
第5节 化学反应的模拟
第6节 复杂流场的计算,位置元方法
第7节 微尺度低速气体流动,信息保存法
附录I 气体的性质和分子性质
附录II 分布函数求矩遇到的积分
附录III 具有给定分布的随机数的取样
附录IV Couette问题程序
参考文献
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