12 resultados para NBR 9050

em Chinese Academy of Sciences Institutional Repositories Grid Portal


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对导电炭黑(CSF)作为NBR的填料时,其填充量、硫化时间和增塑剂用量等因素对NBR/CSF混炼胶加工性能和硫化特性及硫化胶物理性能和电性能的影响进行了研究,并与乙炔炭黑(ACET)进行了对比。结果表明,随着CSF用量的增大,混炼胶的炭黑结合NBR量、门尼粘度[ML(1+4)100℃]、屈服强度和拉伸强度均增大,扯断伸长率和挤出膨胀率降低,挤出物外观变优,焦烧时间和正硫化时间延长,硫化速度放慢,硫化胶的物理性能有所降低,导电性能提高;硫化胶体积电阻率随硫化时间延长和施加负荷的增大而降低,随温度升高和增塑剂

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用导电炭黑(CSF)作填充剂,研究了它对NBR混炼胶加工行为、硫化特性、硫化胶性能及导电性能的影响,并与填充乙炔炭黑(ACET)的NBR胶料性能进行了对比。结果表明,随着CSF用量增加,炭黑结合NBR含量、门尼粘度、屈服强度和拉伸强度均增加,而扯断伸长率及挤出物出口膨胀比降低,挤出物外观变优;随着CSF用量增加,焦烧和正硫化延长,硫化速度及硫化胶强度有所下降,而导电性能变优。硫化胶体积电阻率随硫化时间延长及施加负荷增加而降低,随温度升高和增塑剂邻苯二甲酸二辛酯用量增加而升高。同时表明,NBR/CSF体系的结合NBR含量、门尼粘度、混炼胶应力-应变性能及硫化胶导电性能等均高于NBR/ACET体系。

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聚乙烯(PE)、马来酸酐(MAH)和过氧化二异丙苯(DCP)在溶液中反应,其产物经多次纯化和红外光谱分析证明,MAH以化学键连接到PE分子链上,接枝率达0.5MAH/100E,即相当于平均每个PE上接枝有10个MAH。用不同接枝率的聚乙烯接枝马来酸酐共聚物(PE-MAH)作为极性差别较大的PE和丁腈橡胶(NBR)的相容剂,分别研究其接枝率和用量对共混物的拉伸强度和低温冲击强度的影响,结果发现:PE-MAH增加了PE/NBR的相容性。低温脆断面的扫描电子显微镜观察清楚地反映出PE-MAH的增容作用。本文还提出了增容模型。

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微重力流体物理是微重力科学的重要组成部分,包括简单流体的许多新体系、气/液两相流动和传热以及复杂流体力学.微重力流体物理除其本身学术和应用的重要意义外,还与微重力燃烧学、空间生物技术和空间材料科学密切结合,促进了交叉学科的发展.利用我国返回式卫星和神舟飞船,进行了一批微重力科学的空间实验,使我国微重力科学迅速进展.本文主要介绍近10年来我国微重力流体科学的空间实验研究和主要学术成果.

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Daily intake and accumulation of microcystins (MCYSTs, MCs) in silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) were investigated under lab conditions by feeding the fish exclusively with fresh toxic Microcystis bloom at a density of 6 x 10(9) algal cells L-1. The medial lethal dose (LD50) of microcystin-LR to silver carp was estimated to be 270 mu g kg(-1) body-weight, underlining its strong resistance to toxic Microcystis bloom. It can survive after being ingested with high doses of microcystins (about 10 mg kg(-1)) during the 28-days feeding experiment. Enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay results show that microcystin concentrations in muscle and liver are 1.57 +/- 0.31 mu g kg(-1) and 4.28 +/- 1.64 mg kg(-1) fresh weight. The former is much lower than the World Health Organization limit recommended for human consumption. These results suggest that silver carps can be widely used in cyanobacterial bloom control, and consumption of fish muscles is safe for human beings.

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于AD批量导入至AEzhangdi

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本文以过氧化物为引发剂,采用反应挤出的方法,制备了甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酷官能化聚丙烯,采用化学滴定法和红外光谱法均证实了接枝共聚物的存在,并研究了反应条件对PP-g-GMA接枝率、接枝效率和熔体流动速率的影响,结果表明:1.当DCP含量一定时,随着单体含量的增加,接枝产物的接枝率出现了一个峰值。这表明一味地增加单体浓度未必有利于接枝率的提高;2.当GMA单体浓度一定时,PP-g-GMA的接枝率和熔融指数均随着引发剂含量的增加而逐渐增大,这表明引发剂浓度的增加在促进接枝反应的同时也引入了更多的副反应;3.助剂苯乙烯的加入大大地提高了PP-g-GMA的接枝率和接枝效率,且产物的熔融指数与纯聚丙烯相比变化很小,这表明助剂苯乙烯的加入有效地抑制了副反应的发生,且促进了接枝反应的发生。研究了官能化聚丙烯PP-g-GMA的形态、结构与性能,结果表明:1.官能化对聚丙烯的结晶行为有显著的影响,不仅结晶温度和熔融温度有显著的增加,而且结晶度也有一定程度的增加;2.纯聚丙烯的结晶结构为典型的a型结晶,而接枝聚丙烯的结晶则以a型结晶为主,并出现了少量的Y型结晶;3.采用Avrami方程可以很好的描述官能化聚丙烯的初级结晶行为,纯聚丙烯和官能化聚丙烯的 tl几和tmax均随着结晶温度的增加而增加,这表明它们的结晶过程由成核控制;4.采用Jeziornn法研究了官能化聚丙烯的非等温结晶动力学,非等温结晶过程可以分为初级结晶和次级结晶两部分,在次级结晶阶段,曲线偏离了初级结晶部分的直线,表明在次级结晶阶段,官能化聚丙烯的成核与生长方式发生了变化;5.采用DMA研究了官能化聚丙烯的动态热机械行为,官能化后聚丙烯的耐热性提高了,而且随着接枝率的升高,耐热性又有进一步的提高。以官能化聚丙烯作为反应型增容剂,采用反应共棍的方法,制备了耐油型全 硫化CNBR/PP热塑性弹性体,并研究了热塑性弹性体的形态、结构与性能。主要 结果如下:1.采用红外光谱法表征了梭基丁睛粉末橡胶和PP-g-GMA间的反应。 2.透射电子显微镜和原子力显微镜结果表明,当一部分聚丙烯被官能化聚丙烯替代后,体系中橡胶粒子的尺寸明显变小了,分布也更加均一了。在CNBR/PP-g-GMIA 体系中,原位增容反应形成的共聚物位于cNBR和PP-g-GMA两相的界面处。3.加入少量接枝聚丙烯后共混物的力学性能,如拉伸强度、100%定伸强度和断裂伸长 率均有明显的提高,而且,对于CNBR/PPPP-g-GMA共混物,只需少量的界面增 容剂便可以使两相界面达到饱和并达到较好的增容效果。4.动力学和热力学因素 均影响共混物中聚丙烯的结晶行为,在CNBR/PP体系中,动力学因素占主导地位,而CNBR/PP-g-GMA体系中热力学因素占主导作用。另外,采用Avromi方程描述了CNBR/PP和CNBR/PP-g-GMA体系的等温结晶动力学。5.接枝聚丙烯的加入阻碍了接枝聚丙烯与梭基丁睛橡胶两相间的界面层滑移,因此提高了体系的粘度。以官能化聚丙烯作为反应型增容剂,采用反应共混的方法,制备了耐油型全硫化NBR/PP热塑性弹性体,并研究了热塑性弹性体的形态、结构与性能。主要结果如下:1.采用红外光谱法表征了官能化聚丙烯与端氨基液体丁睛橡胶间的反应,但仅从红外光谱的结果很难断定产物的分子结构;2.采用透射电子显微镜观察了NBR/PP共混物的微观形态,结果表明,NBR/PP共混物体系中除了含有直径为几十纳米的小橡胶粒子外,还有直径为几微米甚至几十微米的大橡胶粒子存在,且随着橡胶含量的增加,体系中大橡胶粒子的数量增多了,小橡胶粒子的分布也变得密集了;3.采用差示扫描量热法表征了NB侧PP共混物的受限结晶行为,结果表明,(1)在220℃的高温下,部分丁睛橡胶分子产生了一定的运动,从而限制了聚丙烯分子的运动,使聚丙烯分子产生了受限结晶行为;(2)随着橡胶含量的增加,橡胶粒子间的距离逐渐变小,这使得位于橡胶粒子间隙的聚丙烯分子的运动受到限制,因此聚丙烯表现出受限结晶的行为;(3)受限的聚丙烯分子更倾向于Y型结晶。

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本文的主要工作如下:1、本文提出用化学方法将聚丙烯(PP)接枝马来酸酐(MA)的方法,得到了较高接枝率的PP-MA接枝物,MA的接枝状态主要取决于反应条件。2.本文合成了(PP-MA)-g-PEO梳型接枝物,接枝物中PP、PEO结晶性能明显与纯PP、PEO不同。3.采用溶液共混方法制备了PP/PMMA、PP/TPU、PP/PA-12、PP/PEO四种共混物。从实验上证明了PP-MA及(PP-MA)-g-MA两种接枝物对上述四种共混物增容的机理。4.共混物中极性聚合物对PP结晶具有两种不同作用:成核促进作用和结晶阻碍作用。5.在PP/PA-12、PP/PEO这类双晶共混体系中,组分之间相互作用比较复杂,尤其是高熔点组分对低熔点组分的影响,如取向附生作用。6.结晶分极是含有结晶组分不相容共混物的普遍具有的现象,它与组分配比、异种聚合物成核能力及组分之间相容性有必然联系。7、PP-MA是PP/TPU、PP/NBR-26有效增容剂,开发上述两种共混物材料势在必行。

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本论文工作分两部分:第一部分研究了共聚改性的聚乙烯(Surlyn)与丁腈橡胶(NBR)共混体系的相互作用,以及Surlyn/NBR共混物中Surlyn的等温结晶动力学规律;第二部分研究了具有不同结构参数的CPE对HDPE/NBR共混体系的增容改性及共混体系的交联改性。本文通过对有关体系的形态和性能进行系统分析之后,提出了动态交联——特殊相互作用的协同作用模型。

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Two sets of graft copolymers were prepared by grafting glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) or ally] (3-isocyanate-4-tolyl) carbamate (TAI) onto ethylene/propylene/diene terpolymer (EPDM) in an internal mixer. These graft copolymers were used as the compatibilizer to prepare the thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) containing 50 wt%, of poly(butylene terephthalate), PBT, 30 wt% of compatibilizer, and 20 wt% of nitrile-butadiene rubber, NBR. The indirect, two-step mixer process was chosen for dynamic curing.

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研究了氯化聚乙烯对EPDM/NBR并用胶物理机械性能的影响。结果发现,加入氯化聚乙烯后,并用胶的混合平衡扭矩降低,达到平衡扭矩所需的时间缩短,且无论用硫黄硫化还是用过氧化物硫化,硫化胶的物理机械性能都提高,表明氯化聚乙烯对EPDM/NBR并用胶有一定的增容作用。同时也发现用过氧化物硫化的EPDM/NBR并用胶物理机械性能优于硫黄硫化的并用胶物理机械性能。

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The noble gas nuclide abundances and isotopic ratios of the upmost layer of Fe-Mn crusts from the western and central Pacific Ocean have been determined. The results indicate that the He and Ar nuclide abundances and isotopic ratios can be classified into two types: low He-3/He-4 type and high He-3/He-4 type. The low He-3/He-4 type is characterized by high He-4 abundances of 191x10(-9) cm(3.)STP(.)g(-1) on average, with variable He-4, Ne-20 and Ar-40 abundances in the range (42.8-421)x10(-9) cm(3.)STP(.)g(-1), (5.40-141)x10(-9)cm(3.)STP(.)g(-1), and (773-10976)x10(-9) cm(3.)STP(.)g(-1), respectively. The high He-3/He-4 samples are characterized by low He-4 abundances of 11.7x10(-9) cm(3.)STP(.)g(-1) on average, with He-4, Ne-20 and Ar-40 abundances in the range of (7.57-17.4)x10(-9) cm(3.)STP(.)g(-1), (110.4-25.5)x10(-9) cm(3.)STP(.)g(-1) and (5354-9050)x10(-9) cm(3.)STP(.)g(-1), respectively. The low He-3/He-4 samples have He-3/He-4 ratios (with RIRA ratios of 2.04-2.92) which are lower than those of MORB (R/R-A=8 +/- 1) and Ar-40/Ar-36 ratios (447-543) which are higher than those of air (295.5). The high He-3/He-4 samples have He-3/He-4 ratios (with R/R-A ratios of 10.4-12.0) slightly higher than those of MORB (R/R-A=8 +/- 1) and Ar-40/Ar-36 ratios (293-299) very similar to those of air (295.5). The Ne isotopic ratios (Ne-20/Ne-22 and Ne-21/Ne-22 ratios of 10.3-10.9 and 0.02774-0.03039, respectively) and the Ar-38/Ar-36 ratios (0.1886-0.1963) have narrow ranges which are very similar to those of air (the Ne-20/Ne-22, Ne-21/Ne-22, Ar-38/Ar-36 ratios of 9.80, 0.029 and 0.187, respectively), and cannot be differentiated into different groups. The noble gas nuclide abundances and isotopic ratios, together with their regional variability, suggest that the noble gases in the Fe-Mn crusts originate primarily from the lower mantle. The low He-3/He-4 type and high He-3/He-4 type samples have noble gas characteristics similar to those of HIMU (High U/Pb Mantle)- and EM (Enriched Mantle)-type mantle material, respectively. The low He-3/He-4 type samples with HIMU-type noble gas isotopic ratios occur in the Magellan Seamounts, Marcus-Wake Seamounts, Marshall Island Chain and the Mid-Pacific Seamounts whereas the high He-3/He-4 type samples with EM-type noble gas isotopic ratios occur in the Line Island Chain. This difference in noble gas characteristics of these crust types implies that the Magellan Seamounts, Marcus-Wake Seamounts, Marshall Island Chain, and the Mid-Pacific Seamounts originated from HIMU-type lower mantle material whereas the Line Island Chain originated from EM-type lower mantle material. This finding is consistent with variations in the Pb-isotope and trace element signatures in the seamount lavas. Differences in the mantle surce may therefore be responsible for variations in the noble gas abundances and isotopic ratios in the Fe-Mn crusts. Mantle degassing appears to be the principal factor controlling noble gas isotopic abundances in Fe-Mn crusts. Decay of radioactive isotopes has a negligible influence on the nuclide abundances and isotopic ratios of noble gases in these crusts on the timescale of their formation.