A Simulation Model for Unified Interrill Erosion and Rill Erosion on Hillslopes

A mathematical model was developed for simulating runoff generation and soil erosion on hillslopes. The model is comprised of three modules: one for overland flow, one for soil infiltration, and one for soil erosion including rill erosion and interrill er

Receptivity To Free-Stream Disturbance Waves For Hypersonic Flow Over A Blunt Cone

A high-order shock-fitting finite difference scheme is studied and used to do direction numerical simulation (DNS) of hypersonic unsteady flow over a blunt cone with fast acoustic waves in the free stream, and the receptivity problem in the blunt cone hypersonic boundary layers is studied. The results show that the acoustic waves are the strongest disturbance in the blunt cone hypersonic boundary layers. The wave modes of disturbance in the blunt cone boundary layers are first, second, and third modes which are generated and propagated downstream along the wall. The results also show that as the frequency decreases, the amplitudes of wave modes of disturbance increase, but there is a critical value. When frequency is over the critial value, the amplitudes decrease. Because of the discontinuity of curvature along the blunt cone body, the maximum amplitudes as a function of frequencies are not monotone.

图像深度估计的光学微分方法

讨论了光学微分方法在图像深度估计问题中的应用。基于线性成像理论对Farid提出的光学微分模型进行了推广，即用于图像深度估计的两幅图像在成像过程中可以满足任意阶的线性微分关系。此模型拓宽了光学微分的概念，使两次成像之间关系有了更多的光学微分形式。围绕如何选择合适的光学微分关系以使系统的整体性能达到最优，分析了光学成像系统的参量对于图像深度估计的精度以及纵向分辨力的影响，并且对光学微分方法中的关键光学元件—光学掩模板的构建方法及优化问题也作了初步的探讨。

一种制作掺Yb相移光纤光栅激光器的实验方案

采用遮挡法引入相移制作了掺Yb相移光纤光栅(PS-FBG)。在制作光栅的过程中,将其作为激光器的谐振腔,通过监测激光器的输出功率来确定相移大小。当激光器的输出功率开始下降时,停止曝光,此时引入的相移为π/2。为了使光栅的特性尽快稳定下来需要对光栅进行退火,这将导致引入的相移小于π/2。为了弥补退火过程中引起的相移降低,需要对退火后的光栅进行二次曝光,以使光栅的相移恢复π/2。利用该方法制作了一只光纤光栅激光器。当抽运功率为100 mW时,获得了25 mW的输出功率,信噪比(SNR)为60 dB。在1 h内

532 nm激光泵浦硝酸钡晶体产生外腔拉曼激光

由于硝酸钡晶体具有很强的对称振动（频率1047 cm^-1）和较高的拉曼增益,可以用来产生受激拉曼激光.采用单端泵浦的外置拉曼振荡腔与双棱镜分光装置进行了硝酸钡晶体拉曼激光实验,泵浦源为倍频Nd： YAG的532 nm激光,硝酸钡晶体通过水溶液降温法生长,尺寸为10 mm×10 mm×48 mm,采用特殊镀膜的腔镜对各阶斯托克斯光进行优化选择.在泵浦源达到65 mJ时,获得21 mJ一阶斯托克斯光,输出波长为563 nm,以及16 mJ的二阶斯托克斯光,输出波长为599 nm,受激拉曼散射SRS最大的整体

利用分光光度计测量光学晶体的折射率

晶体折射率的准确测定是晶体上薄膜器件设计的基础。介绍了利用分光光度计测量晶体折射率的方法，通过背面影响系数法、背面镀增透膜和将两者结合起来的方法消除晶体反射率测量时背面反射带来的影响，给出了具体的步骤并对测量误差进行了分析。由于晶体的光学各向异性，采用起偏器扫描的方法测量晶体光学性质随方向的变化。通过对LiB3P5晶体的折射率的测量，证实了该方法的可行性并可用于其他光学晶体折射率的测量。

榧属（Torrya Arn.）分类研究及其在红豆杉科中的系统位置

本论文对榧属(TorreyI)的研究历史作了回顾．以形态性状为依据，结合叶片的解剖，花粉表面的电镜观察，以及种子蛋白的电泳等，对榧属的系统分类进行了研究。结果表明： l、支持根据种子胚乳深皱与微皱分榧属为两个组的观点． 2、从叶片气孔带乳突的特征及种子蛋白电泳带的类型，似可支持榧属两组的建立． 3、根据各种榧树叶肉组织中石细胞的观察，不支持将石细胞的有无作为分组的特征。 4、云南榧与巴山榧叶的解剖特征有较多相似性，但在石细胞的含量、栅栏组织细胞层数及结晶大小等方面存在差别．考虑到其他性状及地理分布，认为将云南榧改为巴山榧的变种较为自然。 5、本属植物花粉形态较为一致，种问无明显的差别．对组和种的划分无重要参考价值． 6、经研究订正，榧属共6种2变种和11个栽培变种。其中1新变种（九龙山榧），1改级新组合（云南榧），6个新载培变种。 7、结合前人的研究，作者归纳出红豆杉科植物的进化趋势，支持榧属为进化类群的观点。

昆明地区花卉害虫及天敌

1997 年5～ 8 月至1998 年4～ 8 月, 对昆明地区的花卉害虫及天敌进行了考 察和标本采集, 共采到花卉害虫及天敌标本4500 多号, 经鉴定分14 目, 65 科, 158 属, 205 种。标本保存在中国科学院昆明动物研究所。

吗啡对猕猴瞳孔光反应能力的影响

光照能明显改变正常人和动物瞳孔的大小,而精神疾病及药物滥用则影响人和动物瞳孔对光的反应性。因此,瞳孔对光反应异常可以用作检测精神疾病和药物滥用的指标。有关药物滥用是如何影响瞳孔对光的反应性的研究还很少。为定量地测量成瘾性药物对瞳孔光反应变化的影响,该文采用猕猴为实验对象,通过在黑暗环境中测量猕猴在吗啡给予前和吗啡给予后的不同时间段,其瞳孔直径大小以及其对光反应能力的变化情况,来系统研究吗啡是如何影响这种非自主性反射系统的。研究发现,吗啡给予降低了猕猴在黑暗环境中的扩瞳反应,并且降低了瞳孔对光反应的收缩率。该文为将瞳孔对光反应特征用作鉴定吸毒者的检测手段提供了实验依据。

伊乐藻对Cu Cd污染底泥修复的应用研究

在自然条件下,采用人工模拟水缸培养方法,研究了湖泊底泥不同Cu、Cd处理对沉水植物伊乐藻生长、叶绿素含量以及Cu、Cd吸收和积累的影响。结果表明,较低浓度Cu刺激伊乐藻的生长(生物量、叶绿素),高浓度抑制伊乐藻的生长;随着Cd处理浓度的增加,伊乐藻的生物量、叶绿素含量均一直降低,在底泥Cd含量为168.69mg·kg-1DW(含背景值)时,植株出现死亡。随着Cu处理浓度的增加,伊乐藻体内的Cu含量一直增加,在底泥Cu含量为414mg·kg-1DW(含背景值)时,根部、叶部的富集系数均达到最大(0.21和0

不同盐度预处理后Ⅰ龄暗纹东方鲀的摄食、生长和饲料利用

通过 4周的生长实验 ,研究了Ⅰ龄暗纹东方 (82 35± 2 97g)在不同盐度预处理后的摄食、生长和饲料利用情况。结果显示 :35‰的预处理盐度对暗纹东方的生长有抑制作用 ,当这种盐度胁迫解除后 ,暗纹东方的生长表现出明显的补偿现象。本实验中摄食率随前处理盐度的升高而增加 ,变化范围为 1 83%— 2 5 1% ,特定生长率亦随前处理盐度增加而增加 ,即由 0 83%增加到 1 2 8% ,饵料系数则随前期盐度实验中盐度的增加而降低 ,由 1 6 7降至 1 4 7。在盐度预处理实验及淡化养殖

Description of a new genus and two new species of labeonine fishes from South China (Teleostei : Cyprinidae)

A new genus and two new species are described from the Pearl River drainage in Guangxi Province, South China. Hongshuia, new genus, can be distinguished from all other Asian genera of the Labeonini by having a lower lip with its median lobe modified into a round, fleshy plate peripherally greatly protruded so as to form a ring-like fold that is posteromedially continuous with the mental region, and centrally sunken so as to form a round, flat, fleshy pad. This genus is distinct from all other Asian labeonine genera of the Garrina except for one newly described species of Parasinilabeo ( P. longibarbus), Pseudocrossocheilus, and Sinocrossocheilus, in the presence of well-developed maxillary barbels. Hongshuia differs from the above three genera in the lower lip morphology, and further from both Pseudocrossocheilus and Qianlabeo in the number of pharyngeal tooth rows and from Sinocrossocheilus in the colour pattern. Two new species, H. banmo and H. paoli, differ in the distribution density and degree of development of papillae on the rostral fold, depth of indentations on the distal edge of the rostral fold, presence or absence of papillae on the lower lip, size and shape of tubercles on the tip of the snout and anterior portion of the lachrymal, length, position and colour pattern of the dorsal fin, and snout length.

XPS depth profiling study of n/TCO interfaces for p-i-n amorphous silicon solar cells

Detailed X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) depth profiling measurements were performed across the back n-layer/transparent conducting oxide (n/TCO) inter-faces for superstrate p-i-n solar cells to examine differences between amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) and microcrystalline silicon (mu c-Si:H) n-layer materials as well as TCO materials ZnO and ITO in the chemical, microstructural and diffusion properties of the back interfaces. No chemical reduction of TCO was found for all variations of n-layer/TCO interfaces. We found that n-a-Si:H interfaces better with ITO, while n-mu c-Si:H, with ZnO. A cross-comparison shows that the n-a-Si:H/ITO interface is superior to the n-mu c-Si:H/ZnO interface, as evidenced by the absence of oxygen segregation and less oxidized Si atoms observed near the interface together with much less diffusion of TCO into the n-layer. The results suggest that the n/TCO interface properties are correlated with the characteristics of both the n-layer and the TCO layer. Combined with the results reported on the device performance using similar back n/TCO contacts, we found the overall device performance may depend on both interface and bulk effects related to the back n/TCO contacts. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.