Effects of temperature on the threshold of phosphorus for algal blooms

Algal blooms, worsening marine ecosystems and causing great economic loss, have been paid much attention to for a long time. Such environmental factors as light penetration, water temperature, and nutrient concentration are crucial in blooms processes. Among them, only nutrients can be controlled. Therefore, the threshold of nutrients for algal blooms is of great concern. To begin with, a dynamic eutrophication model has been constructed to simulate the algal growth and phosphorus cycling. The model encapsulates the essential biological processes of algal growth and decay, and phosphorus regeneration due to algal decay. The nutrient limitation is based upon commonly used Monod's kinetics. The effects of temperature and phosphorus limitation are particularly addressed. Then, we have endeavored to elucidate the threshold of phosphorus at different temperature for algal blooms. Based on the numerical simulation, the isoquant contours of change rate of alga as shown in the figure are obtained, which obviously demonstrate the threshold of nutrient at an arbitrary reasonable temperature. The larger the change rate is, the more rapidly the alga grows. If the phosphorus concentration at a given temperature remains larger than the threshold the algal biomass may increase monotonically, leading to the algal blooming. With the rising of temperature, the threshold is apparently reduced, which may explain why likely red tide disasters occur in a fine summer day. So, high temperature and sufficient phosphorus supply are the major factors which result in algal growth and blowout of red tide.

研究活性污泥呼吸的动力学--确定污水处理的最佳设计和运转参数

本文以活性污泥的呼吸速率动力学为基础，它符合经典的Monod或Michaelis - Menten方程式。采用简单的开放式呼吸器，在短期分批实验中，对活性污泥过程的微生物活性和生物动力学参数进行了测定。研究表明，氧吸收速率与基质的去除速率具良好的相关性。可以通过测定几个呼吸图来迅速获取活性污泥过程的生物动力学参数-最大吸氧速率（u°_(max))、半速浓度常数（K°_s）、产量因子（y）、活的生物量（x）从而更直接确定微生物的活性和存活力及其废水可生化性，推算微生物生长速率和基质的利用能力。由于吸氧速率图对废水的毒性和冲击负荷具有快速的反映，从而能预测进水的水质情况并进行连续BOD监测，为处理厂的调控作出预报。可以认为，活性污泥的氧吸收速率在废水处理厂的设计与运行过程中具有多功能效应和广阔的应用潜力。

3株细菌对土壤中芘和苯并芘的降解及其动力学

研究了3株多环芳烃(PAHs)高效降解菌对土壤中芘和苯并芘(BaP)的降解动态,用Michaelis-Menton和Monod动力学模型对结果进行拟合.结果表明,3株细菌对芘和BaP的降解率有显著性差异.芽孢杆菌(Bacillus sp.SB02)42 d对芘和BaP的降解率均最高.当土壤中芘和BaP的初始浓度为50 mg/kg时,芽孢杆菌(Bacillus sp.SB02)、动胶杆菌(Zoogloea sp.SB09)、黄杆菌(Flavobacterium sp.SB10)42 d对芘的降解率分别为42.69%、32.88%、25.07%,对BaP的降解率分别为33.04%、25.39%、22.02%.3株细菌对芘和BaP的降解速率也存在显著性差异.芽孢杆菌(Bacillus sp.,SB02)最快,1周可降解20.88%芘和12.6%的BaP,动胶杆菌(Zoogloea sp.SB09)次之,黄杆菌(Flavobacterium sp.SB10)降解速率最慢.

固定化微生物对多环芳烃污染土壤的降解

利用微生物固定化技术,研究了微生物固定化菌剂对土壤中菲、蒽、芘、(艹屈)和苯并(a)芘的降解动态,并且采用Michaelis-Menton和Monod动力学模型对结果进行拟合。结果显示,4种处理(TB02、TB07、TBB03、TBB08)均有降解菲、蒽、芘、(艹屈)和苯并(a)芘的能力。其中,处理TB02的降解能力强、降解速率快、半衰期短且处理成本低,而处理TB07则需要较长时间作用于PAHs污染土壤,其降解能力才能充分发挥出来。当菲、蒽、芘、散发出(艹屈)和苯并(a)芘的初始浓度均为20mg·kg-1时,42d后,TB02对菲、蒽、芘、(艹屈)和苯并(a)芘的降解率分别为84.32%、85.24%、82.59%、43.75%和62.25%;133d后,TB07对5种污染物的降解率分别为95.00%、95.24%、90.93%、74.82%和72.20%。通过比较5种污染物半衰期,其可降解性由大到小依次为菲、蒽、芘、苯并(a)芘、(艹屈)。

六株真菌对土壤中芘和苯并芘的降解及其动力学

研究了6株真菌对土壤中芘和苯并芘(BaP)的降解动态,用Michaelis-Menton和Monod动力学模型对结果进行拟合.结果表明,6株真菌对芘和BaP的降解速率有显著性差异,降解率相差不大.产黄青霉(Penicillium chrysogenum,SF04),在42d内对BaP的降解能力最强,可达71.31%,对芘的降解能力相对最弱.镰刀菌(Fusariumsp.,SF11),黑曲霉(Aspergillusniger,SF05),木霉(Trichodermasp.,SF02)和毛霉(Mucorsp.,SF06)42d对芘的降解率分别为86.22%,86.18%,85.41%,85.04%,对BaP的降解率分别为71.11%,69.44%,69.05%,69.72%.木霉(Trichodermasp.,SF02)和毛霉(Mucorsp.,SF06)对芘和BaP的降解速率均很快.