Proposal of Sinomonas flava gen. nov., sp nov., and description of Sinomonas atrocyanea comb. nov to accommodate Arthrobacter atrocyaneus

A novel actinomycete strain, designated CW 108(T), was isolated from a forest soil in Anhui Province, China. The cells were strictly aerobic, non-motile, bent rods. The strain grew optimally at 30-37 degrees C and pH 6.0-8.0. Chemotaxonomically, the pepti

Jiangella gansuensis gen. nov., sp nov., a novel actinomycete from a desert soil in north-west China

A novel actinomycete strain, designated YIM 002(T), was isolated from a desert soil sample in Gansu Province, north-west China. This actinomycete isolate formed well-differentiated aerial and substrate mycelia. In the early stages of growth, the substrate mycelia fragmented into short or elongated rods. Chemotaxonomically, it contained LL-2,6-diaminopimelic acid in the cell wall. The cell-wall sugars contained ribose and glucose. Phospholipids present were phosphatidylinositol mannosides, phosphatidylinositol and diphosphatidylglycerol. MK-9(H-4) was the predominant menaquinone. The major fatty acids were anteiso C-15:0 (35.92%), anteiso C-17:0 (15.84%), iso C-15:0 (10.40%), iso C-16:0 (7.07%) and C(17:10)w8c (9.37%). The G+C content of the DNA was 70 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis and signature nucleotide data based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain YIM 002(T) is distinct from all recognized genera of the family Nocardioidaceae in the suborder Propionibacterineae. On the basis of the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, it is proposed that isolate YIM 002(T) be classified as a novel species in a new genus, Jiangella gansuensis gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain is YIM 002(T) (= DSM 44835(T) = CCTCC AA 204001(T) = KCTC 19044(T)).

麻黄属的化石记录及早期多样性

买麻藤纲的系统演化位置数百年来一直是国际植物学界争论的焦点问题。有人认为，买麻藤纲是被子植物的姐妹群，但另有人认为该纲与裸子植物的关系更为密切。尽管存在争议，但是麻黄属（麻黄科）一直被公认为买麻藤纲的基部类群。由于其在植物界中的特殊位置，解剖学、形态和分类学、分子系统学与古植物学等多种学科已经对该属开展了多角度的研究工作。在对买麻藤纲系统发育和演化位置进行研究时，我们意识到麻黄属的历史记录问题不仅是对麻黄属进行其他研究中必须首先解决的关键问题，而且已成为当务之急。而要令人满意的地解决麻黄属的历史记录，必须弄清以下核心问题：①麻黄属的起源时间是什么? ②麻黄属的化石记录怎样? ③早期麻黄植物的多样性怎样? 我们在全世界搜集了麻黄属的全部化石文献，这给我们对该属历史记录进行研究提供了扎实的基础;我们在辽西热河生物群尖山沟组早白垩世地层采集到了保存完好的麻黄化石，这为我们对其历史记录的研究提供了新的材料。 在对该属进行深入的研究后，结合对在中国辽宁省西部尖山沟组早白垩世地层采集到的保存完好的麻黄化石的研究，得出结论如下： (1)麻黄科下原有的似麻黄属和异麻黄属的属征以及模式种的形态特征与麻黄属非常接近。似麻黄属与麻黄属的区别在于二者的时代不同，异麻黄属和麻黄属的差异在于异麻黄属的分枝式样兼具对生和互生。在综合对比后，将似麻黄属和异麻黄属归并入麻黄属中。 (2)根据繁殖器官的特征，对麻黄属下的化石记录进行了整理，结果发现，目前可以确认的麻黄属化石种共有7个，分别是Ephedra chenii (Cao et Wu) Liu, Li et Wang comb. nov., E. antiqua (Heer) Liu, Li et Wang comb. nov., E. xingxuei (Tao et Yang) Liu, Li et Wang comb. nov., E. lanceolata Liu, Ferguson, Li et Wang sp. nov., E. divisa Liu, Ferguson, Li et Wang sp. nov., E. ovata Liu, Ferguson, Li et Wang sp. nov., 以及E. tenera Liu, Li et Wang sp. nov.。其余的种由于性状不明确或缺乏繁殖部分的特征而被暂时搁置一边。 (3)在1.25亿年前，麻黄属在种子单位中苞片的形态、叶片的形态和大小以及叶脉式样等四个方面已经表现出了丰富的多样性。1.25亿年前，麻黄属叶片的最长可达35毫米，最宽可达45毫米，比现代植物的大（最长可达35毫米，最宽可达2毫米）;叶片的叶脉式样中在同时具有现在植物的平行脉和汇聚脉之外，还有分叉脉出现。种子单位中苞片的形态主要为鳞片状和披针形，这比现代植物窄;叶片的形态主要有四种类型（卵形、裂叶、披针形以及鳞片状），比现代植物中的两种类型（披针形和鳞片状）复杂。将1.25亿年前多样的麻黄属与现代麻黄植物对比，表明在过去的1.25亿年期间，麻黄属的演化过程为：性状的消失和物种的灭绝。 (4)对于麻黄属的起源时间，对现代麻黄植物叶绿体rbcL基因序列的分析得出的时间为8-32 百万年，而近期基于rbcL、rps4 以及ITS序列和麻黄属化石种子以及麻黄粉的分析，得出麻黄属的起源时间为1.1亿年。我们发现的保存完好的化石标本给出的可靠的直接证据表明，麻黄属植物早在1.25亿年前已经出现，而且当时已经表现出了丰富的多样性，说明麻黄属的起源时间可能会更早。

长江中游鱼类寄生棘头虫区系的研究

经过3年10次调查,剖检湖北省宜都、黄冈两处江段所产72种鱼类,共计766尾。收集棘头虫10种,其中包括2新种和1新组合,即蛇鮈新棘吻虫(新种)Neoechinorhynchus saurogobi sp.nov.,长江丽棘虫(新种)Brentisentis yangtzensis sp.nov.(Illiosontidae),鲤丽棘虫(新组合)B.cyprini comb.nov.。对长江中游鱼类寄生棘头虫区系的特点进行了分析和探讨。

Taxonomic revision of water-bloom-forming species of oscillatorioid cyanobacteria

A polyphasic approach was used to clarify the taxonomy of the water-bloom-forming oscillatorioid cyanobacteria. Seventy-five strains of oscillatorioid cyanobacteria were characterized by 16S rDNA sequence analysis, DNA base composition, DNA-DNA hybridization, fatty acid composition, phycobilin pigment composition, complementary chromatic adaptation, morphological characters, growth temperature and salinity tolerance. Phylogenetic analysis based on 165 rDNA sequences divided the strains into six groups, all of which were clearly separated from the type species of the genus Oscillatoria, Oscillatoria princeps Gomont NIVA CYA 150. Therefore, these strains should be classified into genera other than Oscillatoria. Groups I-III were closely related to one another and groups IV-VI were distinct from one another and from groups I to III. Group I was further divided into two subgroups, group I-pc, which includes strains containing only phycocyanin (PC), and group I-pe, which includes strains containing large amounts of phycoerythrin (PE) in addition to PC. This phenotypic distinction was supported by DNA-DNA hybridization studies. Based on the properties examined herein and data from traditional, botanical taxonomic studies, the groups and subgroups were classified into single species and we propose either emended or new taxonomic descriptions for Planktothrix agardhii (type strain NIES 204(T)), Planktothrix rubescens (type strain CCAP 1459/22(T)) Planktothrix pseudagardhii sp. nov. (type strain T1-8-4(T)), Planktothrix mougeotii (type strain TR1-5(T)), Planktothricoides raciborskii gen. nov., comb. nov. (type strain NIES 207(T)), Tychonema bourrellyi (type strain CCAP 1459/11B(T)) and Limnothrix redekei (type strain NIVA CYA 277/1(T)).

中国裂叶苔科植物的研究-分类、区系和生态

裂叶苔科（Lophoziaceae）是叶苔目植物中的一个大科，其植物体形态变化较大，分类较为困难。中国在裂计佩一苔科下已记录的植物有23属、106种、2变种和2变形。本论文在大量文献考证和对国内外3000余份标本深入研究基础上，对中国裂仆佩一苔科进行了较系统全面的分类修订，记录了中国裂价卜苔科植物共有11属45种3变种1变形，提供了种属形态特征描述和41幅图版。发现中国新记录2种1变型：异瓣裂叶苔（Lophozia diversiloba Hatt），毛口挺叶苔（Anastrophyllum piligerm (Nees.) Steph.）和密叶三瓣苔小叶变形（Tritomaria quinquedentata fo. gracilis (Jens.) Schust.）；新组合名1个：小挺叶苔尖变种（Anastrophyllum minutum (Schreb. in Cranz.) Schust var. acuminatum (Horik.) Cao & Sun comb. nov.），还有省区新分布记录16个。采用聚类分析方法分析了裂叶苔科种属间的关系，结果支持广义裂汗卜苔属和挺口一卜苔属的概念。 区系成分的分析研究表明：中国裂计佩一苔科植物的地理成分主要以泛北极分布类型为主，占79.6%.东北地区、秦岭地区、西南地区和台湾省为我国裂p_佩一苔科植物种类最丰富的地区。在国内首次开展了苔类专科的生态学研究，并采用CCA方法对结果进行分析。研究表明：裂叶苔科植物在长白山分布上表现出明显的垂直地带性，可分为三类：（1)分布在2000米以上苔原带的种类，主要有小挺叶苔A. minutum、石生挺叶苔A. saxicola、密叶三瓣苔T. quinquedentata、高山裂叶苔L. sudetica，圆叶裂叶L. wenzelii；（2）分布在1730米到2000米苔岳桦林带的种类，主要有：方叶无褶苔L. bantriensis，细裂瓣苔B. barbata，阔瓣裂叶苔L. excisa；（3）分布在1150-1730米以下暗针叶林的种类，主要有：三瓣苔T. exsecta，多角胞三瓣苔T. exsectiformis、囊苞裂叶苔L. ventricosa，秃瓣裂叶苔L. obtusa和倾立裂叶苔L. ascendens。影响裂叶苔科植物分布的主要坏境因子是海拔高度。 对处于不同纬度三个地区的同种裂叶苔科植物的比较分析说明：随纬度的升高其分布的海拔高度逐步降低。

New taxa, names, and combinations in Saxifraga (Saxifragaceae) for the Flora of China

The following new species, new variety, new name, and four new combinations are published for the forthcoming account of Saxifraga L. in the Flora of China, Volume 8: S. epiphylla Gornall & H. Ohba, sp. nov., S. gemmigera Engler var. gemmuligera (Engler) J. T. Pan & Gornall, comb. nov., S. heterotricha Marquand & Airy-Shaw var. anadena (H. Smith) J. T. Pan & Gornall, comb. et stat, nov., S. hypericoides Franchet var. aurantiascens (Engler & Irmscher) J. T. Pan & Gornall, comb. nov., S. hypericoides var. rockii (Mattfeld) J. T. Pan & Gornall, comb. et stat. nov., S. sinomontana J. T. Pan & Gornall, nom. nov., and S. sinomontana var. amabilis H. Smith ex J. T. Pan, var. nov. In addition, the names S. mengtzeana Engler & Irmscher and S. mengtzeana var. cordatifolia Engler & Irmscher are lectotypified here.

Taxonomic studies of parasitic nyctotherans from chinese Anura amphibians IV. Spirocytopharynxa gen. nov and Macrocytopharynxa gen. nov.

Lian-Xiang U, Jian-Guo Wang and Wu-Han Xiao (2002) Taxonomic studies of parasitic nyctotherans from Chinese Anura amphibians IV. Spirocytopharynxa gen. nov. and Macrocytopharynxa gen. nov. Zoological Studies 41(1): 77-84. This paper describes 2 new genera and 5 new species of nyctotherans from Anura amphibians distributed in southern China. Based on the composition of the upper and bottom flaps, the number and position of sutural lines, the length of the oral groove, and the morphology and position of the end of the cytopharynx, the adoral zone of the membranelle (AZM), and the macronucleus, two new genera were established. The 3 new species, Spirocytopharynxa sinensis, S. guangxiensis, and S. quadranus, belong to the new genus Spirocytopharynxa, Another 2 species, Macrocytopharynxa (Nyctotheroidae Nie, 1932) pyriformis n. comb. and M. lingchuanensis n. sp., belong to the new genus Macrocytopharynxa. The characteristics for diagnosis of the 2 new genera and 5 new species are described in this paper.