160 resultados para Mark 1:29-39
em Chinese Academy of Sciences Institutional Repositories Grid Portal
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We demonstrate 1.25-1.29 mu m metamorphic laser diodes grown on GaAs by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) using an alloy-graded buffer layer (GBL). Use of Be in the GBL is effective to reduce surface/interface roughness and improves optical quality. The RMS surface roughness of the optimized metamorphic laser is only two atomic monolayers for 1 x 1 mu m(2). Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images confirm that most dislocations are blocked in the GBL. Ridge waveguide lasers with 4 mu m wide ridge were fabricated and characterized. The average threshold current under the pulsed excitation is in 170-200 mA for a cavity length of 0.9-1.5 mm. This value can be further reduced to about 100 mA by high-reflectivity coating. Lasers can work in an ambient temperature up to at least 50 degrees C. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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cDNA序列.序列分析显示树鼩PD-1 cDNA 的开放阅读框编码一个由242个氨基酸组成的跨膜蛋白,并且和人类、灵长类和啮齿类中的同源基因有高度相似性.组织分布分析表明在所检测的几种组织中PD-1基因只在脾中表达.此外,淋巴细胞刺激实验显示,利用PMA和ionomycin刺激新鲜分离的树鼩外周血单核细胞(PBMCs)能够诱导PD-1 mRNA水平上的表达.我们的结果为将来进一步探讨树鼩的免疫功能提供了良好的基础.
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下载PDF阅读器目的 研究蒲葵籽提取物的体外抗HIV-1活性,对有活性粗提物进行初步机制研究.方法 采用细胞毒性、合胞体抑制、HIV-1感染细胞保护实验和HIV-1 p24抗原测定等实验对蒲葵籽提取物体外抗HIV-1活性进行筛选和确认;采用重组HIV-1逆转录酶和蛋白酶活性抑制实验,融合阻断实验初步探讨活性粗提物的作用机制.结果 蒲葵籽的醋酸乙酯(P3)提取物具有较强的体外抗HIV-1活性,P3抑制HIV-1诱导C8166细胞形成合胞体的EC50为5.64 pg/mL,对C8166细胞的毒性较小,CC50大于200 μg/mL,治疗指数(T1)大于35.46;P3抑制HIV-1急性感染中p24抗原表达的EC50为23.04 μg/mL,抑制正常C8166细胞与慢性感染细胞Hg/HIV-1-B融合的EC50为8.00 μg/mL;P3在质量浓度为200μg/mL时,对HIV-1逆转录酶的抑制率为28.86%;P3抑制重组HIV-1蛋白酶活性的EC50为1.77μg/mL.结论 蒲葵籽的醋酸乙酯提取物(P3)具有较强的体外抗HIV-1活性,其作用机制可能主要为阻断病毒进入和抑制HIV-1蛋白酶活性.
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在大鼠和恒河猴卵巢颗粒细胞(GC)存在组织型(tPA)和尿激酶型(uPA)纤溶酶原激活因子(PA)和一种PA的抑制因子(PAI-1).在排卵、排精和子宫内膜的周期性变化中tPA和PAI-1基因在这些组织的同类细胞或不同类型细胞间的协调表达起重要作用.因为恒河猴GC和膜-间质细胞(TC)在促性腺激素作用下都能产生tPA,uPA和PAI-1,而排卵后GC和TC转化为黄体细胞(LC),后者分泌孕酮,维持妊娠.本研究目的:(1)探讨LC是
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利用质量分离的低能离子束技术,获得了Fe组分渐变的Fe-Si薄膜。利用俄歇电子能谱法(AEs)、x射线衍射法(XRD)以及x射线光电子能谱法(XPS)测试了薄膜的组分、结构特性。测试结果表明,在室温下制备的Fe-Si薄膜呈非晶态。非晶薄膜在400℃下退火20 rmn后晶化,没有Fe的硅化物相形成。退火后Fe-Si薄膜的Fe组分从表面向内部逐渐降低。
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于2010-11-23批量导入
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土壤呼吸是森林生态系统碳循环的重要组成部分,对土壤呼吸的主要组分根系呼吸和土壤微生物呼吸进行分离并量化,对于了解土壤碳释放规律、估算生态系统土壤碳的年际通量以及预测气候变化条件下根系或土壤微生物对土壤碳释放格局的影响具有重要意义。本文采用挖壕法测定辽东山区蒙古栎林、杂木林和胡桃楸林的土壤表面CO2通量,并同步分析土壤水热因子及土壤有机质、N含量、根系生物量、土壤酶活性、土壤微生物生物量等。研究结果表明:(1)辽东山区次生林0-10cm土壤有机质含量为9.29-18.15%,全氮含量为0.43-0.90%,pH值为5.67-6.19;次生林生长季细根生物量平均为152.61- 447.79 g/m2,粗根生物量平均为255.42-507.42 g/m2,根系总量平均为540.93-955.22 g/m2;土壤酶活性季节变化明显,且具垂直分布特征,蒙古栎林的土壤转化酶、淀粉酶和脱氢酶活性最高,胡桃楸林最低,胡桃楸林过氧化氢酶活性相对最大;土壤微生物量碳、氮的季节变化呈明显的单峰曲线并与土壤温度相关,土壤微生物量碳氮之间具显著相关性(P<0.05)。(2)次生林土壤总呼吸、根呼吸和土壤微生物呼吸具明显的日、季变化规律,生长季根呼吸贡献相对较低,胡桃楸林根呼吸贡献率为34.0-34.8%,蒙古栎林为17.9-28.4%,杂木林为14.7-35.3%;土壤微生物呼吸贡献率为66.0-85.3%,高于根呼吸贡献率,说明辽东山区次生林土壤微生物呼吸决定土壤总呼吸的变化趋势。(3)土壤呼吸与地下5cm土壤温度呈指数函数关系,土壤总呼吸的Q10值为1.29-2.30,微生物呼吸的Q10值为1.28-2.09,根呼吸的Q10值为1.29-3.72;土壤总呼吸、微生物呼吸、根呼吸与土壤含水量均无明显相关关系;蒙古栎林根呼吸与细根生物量显著相关,杂木林根呼吸与粗根生物量及根系总生物量显著相关,胡桃楸林根呼吸与根系生物量总量显著相关(P<0.05);微生物呼吸与淀粉酶、转化酶、脱氢酶、过氧化氢酶均无显著相关性(除胡桃楸林与过氧化氢酶显著相关);微生物呼吸与土壤微生物量碳、氮均呈显著线性相关关系(P<0.05)。(4)蒙古栎林土壤总呼吸、根呼吸、土壤微生物呼吸年际碳释放量分别为572.78、147.78和425.59 g C m-2a-1,杂木林分别为403.12、108.92、297.51 g C m-2a-1,胡桃楸林分别为519.47、173.75、345.72 g C m-2a-1;生长季和非生长季通过根呼吸释放的碳量均小于分解土壤有机质的微生物呼吸释放的碳量,非生长季次生林土壤碳释放量为39.21-152.04 g C m-2a-1,占全年呼吸总量的10-29%,说明冬季土壤碳释放量不能忽略。
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通过秋水仙素诱导获得同源四倍体水稻10个株系,包括6个恢复系、3个保持系和1个不育系,这些株系具有加倍的染色体组。田间观察表明10个株系具有特殊的农艺性状:茎杆变粗壮、植株颜色加深、叶片变厚、叶宽适度增加、分蘖数减少、有效分蘖的比率下降等。根尖有丝分裂鉴定表明,同源四倍体水稻10个株系具有正常的有丝分裂,观察细胞的染色体数目皆为2n=48。花粉母细胞减数分裂鉴定表明10个株系具有比较理想的减数分裂行为,后期I染色体滞后、末期I微核生成和末期II异常小孢子比率较低,能较好的完成减数分裂过程,其中后期I染色体滞后比率约为10%-20%,末期I微核生成比率约为1%-6%,末期II异常小孢子比率约为1%-8%。这提示,染色体联合和分离不规则导致三价体、单价体 和落后染色体等产生,并进一步导致在后期和末期不均横分离产生异常小孢子,这可能是同源四倍体株系结实率不高的原因之一。 同源四倍体水稻正常胚囊为蓼型,变异胚囊具有多种类型,其比率显著高于二倍体对照,变化范围为39.62%-69.85%。按变异胚囊的结构特点和形成方式,分为四种类型:退化型,结构变异型,无融合生殖型和反足细胞增殖型。退化型胚囊的平均比率为29.17%,包括小胚囊(15.04%)和完全退化胚囊(14.13%),前者仍有较小胚囊腔而后者胚囊腔缺失。结构变异胚囊包括结构缺失、结构重复和位置异常,反映了蓼型胚囊八核七细胞结构的变异,其在各株系的平均比率为18.96%。无融合生殖胚囊发生比率极低,平均比率为1.77%,类型包括反足胚和卵细胞胚。反足细胞增殖胚囊是反足细胞团频繁增殖形成,伴随上述三种变异发生使异常胚囊的多样性进一步增加,其在各株系的平均比率为10.62%。相关分析表明,同源四倍体水稻结实可能主要来自三部分:正常胚囊、正常型小胚囊和反足细胞增殖型胚囊。这三种胚囊具有相对完整的蓼型结构,可能具有较好的育性,其对结实率的贡献程度估计值分别为72.44%、15.12%、12.44%。此外,完全退化型胚囊和位置异常型胚囊对结实率分别表现出显著(-0.66)和极显著(-0.92)的负相关,这表明二者可能是结实性的抑制因素。 Ten autotetraploid strains, which include six restoring lines, three maintaining lines and a sterile line, are derived from artificial induction by colchicine treatments. Variations of agronomical traits are observed which include large organs, sturdy plants, long panicle length and deep leaf color and so on. It has been confirmed that autotetraploid strains exhibit normal chromosome behaviors in mitosis and the chromosome numbers are all 48. Moreover, abnormal chromosome behaviors are investigated in meiosis including univalent, trivalent, quatrivalent, chromosome lagging and microkernel and so on. It evaluates that the percentage of chromosome lagging in anaphase I is about 10%-20%, the percentage of microkernel in telophase I is about 1%-6% and the percentage of abnormal microspore in telophase II is about 1%-8%. In all, abnormal behaviors of chromosomes could induce univalent, trivalent and et al. and subsequently induce infertile microspore. That may be one of the causes of low seed sets in autotetraploid strains. Embryo sacs of autotetraploid strains are formed according to the Polygonum type. However, these strains exhibit variations of abnormal embryo sacs at high frequencies (39.62% - 69.85%). The variations are frequently involved in the spikelets of the main panicles and the first tillers, leading to obvious decreases of the percentages of normal embryo sacs among the strains. Four types of abnormal embryo sacs are classified basing on their different structures and origins: degenerated embryo sac (DES), structure variation (SV), apomixis (Apo) and antipodal cell proliferation (ACP). Embryo sacs of DES (29.17%) exhibit small embryo sacs (15.04%) or no embryo sac (14.13%), the former showing embryo sacs with decreased size and the latter showing no sac. Embryo sacs of AS (18.96%) include three subtypes: structure deletion, structure duplication and location variation, which suggests abnormalities of the eight nuclei, seven celled pattern of the Polygonum type. Embryo sacs of Apo (only 1.77%) include two origins of apomictic embryos: antipodal embryo and egg embryo. Embryo sacs of ACP are observed frequently (10.62%) in autotetraploid strains which subsequently increase the variations of abnormal embryo sacs. It evaluates by the Pearson’s correlation analysis that seed set is probably contributed by three origins of embryo sacs: normal embryo sacs, small embryo sacs (normal pattern) and embryo sacs of ACP. These three origins exhibit comparatively good structure of the Polygonum type and could account for seed set at a percentage of 72.44%, 15.12%, 12.44%, respectively. Moreover, the subtype of no embryo sac (NES) negatively related to seed set at the P>0.01 level (-0.92) and the subtype of location variation (LV) negatively related to seed set at the P>0.05 level (-0.66). Which suggest the two subtypes may have strong stress on seed set.
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不同氮营养水平对高油玉米吉油一号籽粒产量、蛋白质、氨基酸和油脂的影响的研究表明,不同氮营养水平对高油玉米籽粒产量影响较大,施氮增产10.5%~22.9%。在本试验条件下的经济最佳施氮(N)量为180.3 kg·ha-1。不同施氮水平较不施氮均能明显增加高油玉米籽粒蛋白质及其组分中醇溶蛋白和谷蛋白含量,分别增加7.1%~13.3%(平均10.6%)、22.1%~39.1%(平均29.9%)和25.0%~40.7%(平均35.0%),其中施氮175 kg·ha-1时蛋白质含量最高(10.75%),施氮125 kg·ha-1时蛋白质品质相对较好(谷醇比相对较高,醇溶蛋白占蛋白质比例相对较低)。不同施氮水平较不施氮均能明显增加高油玉米籽粒氨基酸总量和必需氨基酸总量,分别增加11.9%~20.3%(平均17.3%)和12.4%~20.4%(平均17.1%),其中施氮175 kg·ha-1时氨基酸总量(11.50%)和必需氨基酸总量(4.19%)均相对较高。适量施氮能增加高油玉米籽粒油脂含量及不饱和脂肪酸、亚油酸和油酸含量,其中施氮175~225 kg·ha-1时籽粒油分、不饱和脂肪酸、亚油酸和油酸含量均较高,较不施氮分别增加7.0%~7.5%,7.4%~8.3%、7.0%~8.5%和8.1%~8.4%,而过量施氮会明显降低籽粒油分、不饱和脂肪酸、亚油酸和油酸含量。