Fracture behavior of axisymmetrical bars under high triaxial stress and large strain cyclic loading

Axisymmetric notched bars with notch roots of large and small radii were tested under large strain cyclic loading. The main attention is focused on the fracture behaviour of steels having cycles to failure within the range 1-100. Our study shows that a gradual transition from a static ductile nature to one of fatigue cleavage can be observed and characterized by the Coffin-Manson formula in a generalized form. Both the triaxial tensile stress within the central region of specimens and static damage caused by the first increasing load have effects on the final failure event. A generalized cyclic strain range parameter DELTAepsilon is proposed as a measure of the numerous factors affecting behaviour. Fractographs are presented to illustrate the behaviour reported in the paper.

Sexual behavior in a one-male unit of Rhinopithecus bieti in captivity

Data regarding the sexual behavior of black-and-white snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus bieti) were collected in 1998 in a one-male unit in captivity by all-occurrences sampling during the mating season. Before the present study, little was known about the sexual behavior of this species. This study showed that female solicitation is mainly expressed as "prostration plus glancing laterally" (PG) or "sitting plus head moving up and down" (HM), and male solicitation is exhibited by the "grunt bared-teeth display." The mount-to-ejaculation ratio was 5.2 on average, and single-mount ejaculations (SMEs) were observed in only 4.4% of mounts on days with at least one ejaculation. Therefore, the main copulatory pattern of this species is multiple-mount ejaculation (MME). Females initiated 72% of 18 ejaculatory mounts. Females initiated more ejaculatory mounts than non-ejaculatory ones. In general, the patterns of sexual behavior in this species are similar to those reported for other Colobines. (C) 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

关于阿尔及利亚西部人体内侵袭水蛭病的研究

<正> 人体内侵袭水蛭病是一种危害人体健康的寄生虫病。在Craig和Faust的“临床寄生虫学”一书中列举了Masterman(1908)和Manson(1903)报道的由于出血过多和喉、气管阻塞导致死亡的例子。Messioger(1924)报道的一妇女因声带受侵袭而产生痉挛性咳嗽和脉搏跳动微弱以及Woolnougb(1928)报道的一三岁和另一十岁半的澳大利亚女孩阴道因水蛭咬伤而出血不止。此病在我国南方广大农村也很普遍,最早金大雄(1941,1949)报道过贵州省和云南省人鼻中发现的水蛭。湖北省兴山县张