Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder children with a 7-repeat allele of the dopamine receptor D4 gene have extreme behavior but normal performance on critical neuropsychological tests of attention

An association of the dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) gene located on chromosome 11p15.5 and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been demonstrated and replicated by multiple investigators. A specific allele [the 7-repeat of a 48-bp variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) in exon 3] has been proposed as an etiological factor in attentional deficits manifested in some children diagnosed with this disorder. In the current study, we evaluated ADHD subgroups defined by the presence or absence of the 7-repeat allele of the DRD4 gene, using neuropsychological tests with reaction time measures designed to probe attentional networks with neuroanatomical foci in D4-rich brain regions. Despite the same severity of symptoms on parent and teacher ratings for the ADHD subgroups, the average reaction times of the 7-present subgroup showed normal speed and variability of response whereas the average reaction times of the 7-absent subgroup showed the expected abnormalities (slow and variable responses). This was opposite the primary prediction of the study. The 7-present subgroup seemed to be free of some of the neuropsychological abnormalities thought to characterize ADHD.

大兴安岭达尔滨湖桥弯藻科(硅藻门)中国新记录植物

报道了采自大兴安岭达尔滨湖及其周围沼泽水体的硅藻门桥弯藻科中国新记录植物9种1变种,分别为新箱形桥弯藻新月变种Cymbella neocistulavar.lunataKrammer、近箱形桥弯藻Cymbella subcistulaKrammer、疏纹内丝藻Encyonema paucistriatum(Cleve-Euler)Mann、普通内丝藻Encyonema vulgareKrammer、尖锐弯肋藻Cymbopleuraacuta(Schmidt)Krammer、英吉利弯肋藻Cymbopleur

关于九肋鳖背甲的形态与有关的记载

<正> 众所周知,我国鳖类动物中分布最广,数量最多的是中华鳖[Pelodiscus sinensis(Wieg-mann,1834)],近几年来,进行大规模人工养殖的对象,多数也是中华鳖。中华鳖的背甲都是具肋板8对。作者曾经先后仔细地观察了中华鳖42个背甲骨胳,全部恒定具8对肋板,而且没有构造上显著的变异。然而,在湖南省境内却出产一种鳖,外形与中华鳖非常相似,成鳖体型大小亦相差不很多(当地有经验的捕鳖或养鳖能手,能够加以辨认)。我国历史上就有过记载,最早追溯到明朝的晚期,我国伟大的药物学家李时珍,编写于1

Suckers (Fish, Catostomidae) from the Eocene of China account for the family's current disjunct distributions

Unequivocal Eocene suckers from China are for the first time reported here. This discovery demonstrates that catostomids of the Eocene Epoch (some 55-35 Ma ago) are scattered widely on mainland Asia as well as western North America. The present day disjunct distribution pattern of catostomids, with 68 extant species widespread in North America and the northern part of Middle America and only two in the restricted areas of Asia, is the result of their post-Eocene decline in Asia due to the competitive pressure from cyprinids, their Late Cenozoic radiation in North America, and the vicariant and dispersal events triggered by the changed biogeographic landscape. All of these prove to be a historical product of the geological, biological, and climatic changes throughout the Cenozoic.

辽河流域降雨侵蚀力的时空变化分析

降雨侵蚀力是反映流域降雨侵蚀能力的综合指标之一。根据辽河流域10个气象站的日降雨量资料,利用日降雨侵蚀力模型估算辽河流域的降雨侵蚀力。结果表明:辽河流域降雨侵蚀力的空间变异与降雨量的空间分布趋势基本一致,由东南向西北递减,变化于1 000~3 800 MJ.mm/(hm2.h.a)之间;降雨侵蚀力年内集中度高,6—8月3个月约占全年的80%;降雨侵蚀力年际变化大,年际变率Cv在0.367~0.649之间,采用时序系列的Mann-Kendall检验表明,降雨侵蚀力并无显著变化趋势;特别是在流域水土流失严重的西辽河地区,年降雨侵蚀力较小,但年内集中程度大,年际变化更突出。

Di-nuclear systems studied with the velocity filter SHIP

Various nuclear reactions like quasi-fission, fusion-fission or particle and cluster evaporation from excited compound nuclei were studied in heavy-ion reactions at the velocity filter SHIP of GSI. The velocity filter offers the possibility to detect all reaction products under zero degree relative to the beam direction. Together with the measurement of the product velocity distribution this allows for an identification of the underlying reaction mechanism. This article is focussed on reactions of Mg-25 and Ni-64 beams on Pb-206,Pb-207 targets at energies of 5.9 x A MeV and 8.7 x A MeV. Besides evaporation residues from Mg-25 + Pb-206 collisions we found evidence for rotation and quasi-fission of nuclear molecules formed in the entrance channel after the capture stage. The break-up of the systems showed a preferred clustering leading to isotopes in the region 84 <= Z <= 88 and 122 <= N <= 127 of the chart of nuclei.

长白山地区近50年平均最高和最低气温变化

利用线性趋势法对长白山地区13个气象台站建站以来的逐日温度资料进行分析,确定该区域的气温变化趋势,同时通过Mann-Kendall方法确定突变点位置,并结合t检验法进行检验。结果表明:区域的年平均最高气温和最低气温都有极为显著的增加趋势,分别为每10年增加了0.23和0.46℃(α=0.001);近50年的最高气温和最低气温的时间系列都有一个突变点,其中最高气温的突变点出现在1995年左右,最低气温的突变点在1985年前后。这种变化使得温度日较差表现出明显的减小趋势,并在1972年出现一个突变点,前后平均相差0.8℃。区域各月最高、最低气温及气温日较差与日照百分率均有极为显著的相关关系,一定程度上反映了温室效应持续增强的迹象。

Double twist in helical polymer "soft" crystals

In natural and synthetic materials having non-racemic chiral centers, chirality and structural ordering each play a distinct role in the formation of ordered states. Configurational chirality can be extended to morphological chirality when the phase, structures possess low liquid crystalline order. In the crystalline states the crystallization process suppresses the chiral helical morphology due to strong ordering interactions, In this Letter, we report the first observation of helical single lamellar crystals of synthetic non-racemic chiral polymers. Experimental evidence shows that the molecular chains twist along both the long and short axes of the helical lamellar crystals, which is the first time a double-twist molecular orientation in a helical crystal has been observed.