7 resultados para MBS
em Chinese Academy of Sciences Institutional Repositories Grid Portal
Resumo:
Three series of MBS core-shell impact modifiers were prepared by grafting styrene and methyl methacrylate onto PB or SBR seed latex in emulsion polymerization. All the MBS modifiers were designed to have the same total chemical composition, and MMA/Bd/St equals 30/42/28, which is a prerequisite for producing transparent blends with PVC. Under this composition, there were three different ways of arrangement for styrene in MBS, which led to the different structure of MBS modifier. The concentration of MBS in PVC/MBS blends was kept at a constant value of 20 wt.%. The effects of arrangement of St in MBS on the mechanical and optical properties of PVC/MBS blends were studied. The notched Izod impact test results showed that the MBS with a PB homopolymer core grafted with St had a lowest brittle-ductile transition (BDT) temperature and BDT temperature increased with the amount of St copolymerized with Bd in the core of MBS. The transparency of blends also increased with the amount of St copolymerized with Bd in the core. TEM results showed that the arrangement of St in MBS influenced the deformation behavior. Two deformation modes were observed in the blends: cavitation and shear yielding.
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Submitted by zhangdi (zhangdi@red.semi.ac.cn) on 2009-04-13T11:45:31Z
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我国是世界上聚氯乙烯产量最大的国家。由于在氯乙烯分子中氯的含量大于50%,而氯又是制碱工业的必然副产物,因此聚氯乙烯工业成为氯碱平衡中的主要杠杆。随着近年来世界石油资源的日益短缺和价格的上涨及国内聚氯乙烯产能过剩,开发聚氯乙烯的新用途,发展聚氯乙烯树脂的改性具有深远的意义。本工作的目的是以开发PVC核壳结构改性剂MBS和注塑级PVC/ABS合金为背景,对核壳粒子改性的聚氯乙烯的屈服机理和改性剂性能优化进行了研究。 对于增韧剂的研究,人们总是希望用最少的增韧剂用量来达到最好的增韧效果,即提高增韧剂的增韧效率,而且MBS改性的PVC在应用时还需要保持较高的透光率和具有一定的抗应力发白的能力。为此我们成功开发了具有高增韧效率、高透明及抗应力发白的MBS增韧剂,并研究了MBS结构特性对PVC/MBS共混物力学性能及屈服机理的影响。结果表明:粒径范围在80nm~280nm的橡胶粒子均能有效地对PVC进行增韧。大粒径的MBS通过空洞化释放三维静张应力引发基体的屈服来吸收能量,而小粒径的MBS不能产生空洞,但同样能引起基体的屈服起到增韧的作用。为了兼顾PVC/MBS共混物的韧性和透明性,我们在制备MBS时将一部分苯乙烯单体与丁二烯共聚结合来提高丁苯胶乳的折光指数与PVC基体相匹配,而另一部分苯乙烯单体以接枝的方式结合,这样可以保持MBS的弹性,并且制备的PVC/MBS共混物具有高韧性和高透明;同时我们发现MBS的内包容物及多层结构都会削弱PVC/MBS共混物的透光率。研究表明橡胶粒子的空洞化是引发共混物应力发白的主要原因。为此通过制备小粒径及具有一定交联程度的MBS来抑制空洞的产生,制备了兼有抗应力发白和韧性的MBS。成功开发了多个牌号的MBS产品,并在吉化集团公司建成了年产5000吨的生产车间,实现了MBS的工业化生产。 由于PVC的熔体流动性较差,通过与熔体流动性好的ABS树脂共混,成功开发了注塑级PVC/ABS合金。ABS树脂是SAN树脂和PB-g-SAN的共混物,在PVC中加入ABS使增韧对象由PVC基体转化为PVC/SAN共混基体,并研究了基体性质的改变对增韧效果的影响。结果表明随着PVC/ABS共混体系基体中PVC含量的增加共混物的冲击强度显著增加,形变机理发生了由银纹向剪切屈服的转变。
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含油污泥已作为危险废物列入《国家危险废物名录》(HW08),其处理问题已成为环保领域研究的热点。热洗技术是含油污泥处理的主流技术,而清洗药剂作为该技术的核心,直接影响含油污泥的处理指标与效率。目前,适合热洗处理的化学药剂很少,迫切需要开发专用药剂技术。针对含油污泥清洗效率的难题,本文合成了一种新型高效的含油污泥清洗剂。 本文以甲基丙烯酸(MAA)、丙烯酸丁酯(BA)和苯乙烯(St)为混合单体,偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂,通过溶液聚合的方法探索合成了一种高分子聚合物(命名为MBS)。分析讨论了MBS关键单体的选择、合成设计及方法,检测了MBS有关物理化学性能,考察了单体、引发剂用量及清洗条件对MBS脱油性能的影响,探讨了MBS对含油污泥中原油不同组分的去除效率,并用红外光谱证实了MBS结构的官能团。 MBS在单体质量比为MAA:BA:St=21:62:17,引发剂AIBN为单体总量的1.2%时,含油污泥脱油率可达84%以上。MBS对于含油污泥中芳烃去除率最高,为93.0%;其次是烷烃,去除率为87.4%;沥青质、胶质最低,去除率为71.8%,具有良好的处理效果。 本文还针对目前国内尚无评价含油污泥清洗剂的标准方法,对清洗剂性能评价进行了初探,采用统一标准的模拟含油污泥进行清洗剂性能评价,并提出了制备方法,同时验证了在此基础上所建立的性能评价方法。结果证明,模拟含油污泥能够真实体现清洗剂的脱油性能,所建立的评价方法可以作为一种通用规范的含油污泥清洗剂性能评价的基本方法。
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数值摄动算法将流体动力学效应耦合进NS方程组和对流扩散(CD)方程离散的数学基本格式(MBS),特别是耦合进最简单的一阶迎风和二阶中心格式之中,由此构建成一系列新的摄动格式(PS).构建PS的主要步骤是将MBS中的通量重构为步长的幂级数,利用空间分裂和导出的高阶流体动力学线性关系式,并引入下游不影响上游的对流运动规律,通过消除重构格式修正微分方程的截断误差诸项求出幂级数的待定系数,由此获得非线性PS.PS的项是MBS中对应项与R△x(及λR△x)之简单多项式的乘积,R△x和λ分别是网格Reynolds数和网格CFL数.PS和MBS使用相同结点,简单性彼此相当,但PS精度高,稳定范围大,例如PS包含了许多绝对稳定高阶迎风和中心有限差分(FD)格式和绝对正型有限体积(FV)格式,这些格式对网格Reynolds数的任意值均为不振荡格式.数值摄动算法因此是构建高精度不振荡CFD格式的新方法.PS用于计算不可压缩流,可压缩流,液滴萃取传质,微通道两相流等,均获得良好数值结果或与已有Benchmark解一致的数值结果.已有文献称数值摄动算法为新型高精度方法和高算法,文中也讨论了一些值得进一步研究的课题
Resumo:
The reduction behaviors of the supported platinum-iron catalysts and their comparison with supported iron catalysts were studied by TPR (temperature-programmed reduction)-in situ Fe-57 MBS (Mossbauer spectroscopy). The results indicated that the TPR processes of all Fe-containing catalysts were different from that of bulk alpha-Fe2O3. There were interactions between Pt, Fe and the gamma-Al2O3 or SiO2 support for the Pt-Fe/gamma-Al2O3 and Pt-Fe/SiO2 catalysts. All the iron-containing catalysts show that Fe3+ was highly dispersed on the support (gamma-Al2O3 and SiO2) before reduction. No Fe-0 was found in the reduction processes. The Fe3+ was reduced to Fe2+ in tetrahedral vacancy first for the reduction of the Pt-Fe/gamma-Al2O3 catalyst. No Fe2+ in octahedral vacancy was found in the reduction of the Pt-Fe/SiO2 catalyst. Adding Pt to Fe/support (gamma-Al2O3 or SiO2) could promote the reduction of the Fe species. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.