2 resultados para MALVIDIN 3-GLUCOSIDE

em Chinese Academy of Sciences Institutional Repositories Grid Portal


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通过利用高效液相色谱-质谱联用技术,研究110 个不同基因型(包括3 个种和5 个种间杂种)葡萄品种的花色苷含量和成分特点。在所有品种中,最多鉴定出29 种花色苷。对葡萄的花色苷总量来说,一般情况下,欧亚种和欧美杂交种的花色苷含量较低,而野生种和砧木品种显著高于其它的种间杂种;在同一个种内,酿酒品种高于鲜食品种;在大多数高花色苷含量的种质中,二甲基花翠素类花色苷是主要的花色苷,而在低总花色苷量的品种,花青素类和花翠素类花色苷是主要的成分。此外,在欧亚种葡萄中,仅检测到单糖苷类花色苷,而在其它葡萄种质中,既有单糖苷花色苷又有双糖苷花色苷。在欧亚鲜食葡萄中,Pn-3-glucoside 是主要的花色苷,而在欧亚酿酒葡萄中,Mv-3-glucoside 是主要的花色苷。通过主成分分析,最终根据花色苷总量的不同和单、双糖苷含量的不同,110 个品种在散点图中被明显的分成3 部分。 通过连续两年调查3 个欧亚鲜食葡萄杂交组合的亲本和后代的花色苷含量来分析花色苷的遗传特点。共鉴定出16 种花色苷,且均为单糖苷类。母本中各花色苷的比例决定了后代中花色苷含量的比例,但是后代中花色苷的绝对含量不受亲本影响。不论亲本还是后代中,Peonidin 3-O-glucoside 和Malvidin3-O-glucoside 都是含量最高的花色苷。花色苷的有或无是寡基因控制的质量性状,而含量的多少是多基因控制的数量性状。通过主成分分析可以得知:在杂交后代中, peonidin 3-O-glucoside, malvidin 3-O-glucoside, delphinidin3-O-glucoside, cyanidin 3-O-glucoside, petunidin 3-O-glucoside, peonidin3-O-(6-O-coumaryl)-glucoside 和malvidin 3-O-(6-O-coumaryl)-glucoside 是影响果皮中花色苷总量的主要种类。花色苷的含量是一种高广义遗传力的性状,而且这种性状在两年间是稳定的(0.65-0.98)。 5 个不同基因型葡萄品种在成熟过程中果实品质的变化也被研究。始熟期开始后,果粒重量继续增加,果粒较大的鲜食品种增长很慢,而果粒较小的制汁和酿酒品种增长幅度很大;果实内两种主要的糖(葡萄糖和果糖)开始快速上升,且在整个成熟过程中保持1:1;有机酸的含量开始快速下降,苹果酸下降的幅度大于酒石酸。多酚物质在果实始熟期也发生巨大变化,花色苷快速积累。 ‘北紫’和‘梅鹿辄’中的花色苷在成熟前1-2 周达到最大值,‘黑奥林’、‘康可’和‘北醇’在整个成熟过程中花色苷一直增加;对非花色苷类多酚来说,‘黑奥林’和‘梅鹿辄’在果实成熟过程中一直增加,而在另3 个品种中是下降的;花色苷之间以及与黄酮醇之间成正相关,花色苷和酚酸成负相关关系,酚酸和黄酮醇也成负相关关系,黄烷醇物质之间以及与其它类黄酮物质之间成负相关关系。

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本论文由三章组成。第一章为综述,概述了植物中环烯醚萜类化合物的研究进展;第二和第三章为实验论文,分别报道了唇形科药用植物绵参和蔷薇科药用植物地榆的化学成分研究。 第一章概述了植物中环烯醚萜类化合物的研究成果,主要包括结构类型及药理活性等方面。 第二章包括两个部分。第一部分报道了藏药绵参(Eriophyton wallichii Benth)地上部分甲醇提取物的化学成分。采用正、反相硅胶柱层析等各种分离方法,从中共分离出7个化合物,有6个化合物为首次从该植物中分离得到,分别为β-谷甾醇(1),夏至草苦素(marrubiin,2),乌苏酸(3),cimigoside(4),5-deoxyantirrhinoside(5),8-表马钱子酸葡萄糖苷(8-epiloganic acid,6)和apigenin 7-(6''-p-coumaroyl)glucoside(7)。第二部分,采用高效液相色谱-质谱联用技术对绵参地上部分的甲醇提取物进行了分析,通过标准品对照紫、外光谱分析以及多级质谱分析与文献对照鉴定了8个成分,分别是:8-epiloganic acid(Ⅰ),quercitrin 3-glucoside-7-(6''-p-coumaroyl)glucoside(Ⅱ),ajugoside(I) (Ⅲ),chrysoeriol 7-O-E-p-coumaroyl-3-O-b-D-glucoside(Ⅳ),helichrysoside(Ⅴ),生物碱(Ⅵ),apigenin 2,3-dihydrogen-7-(6''-p-coumaroyl) glucoside(Ⅶ),apigenin 7-(6''-p-coumaroyl) glucoside(Ⅷ)。 第三章报道了中药地榆根部乙醇提取物正丁醇相的化学成分,通过正、反相硅胶柱层析等各种分离方法,从中分离得到8个化合物,分别为3,4¢- O-二甲基逆没食子酸(8),3,3¢,4¢-O-三甲基逆没食子酸(9)和3,4¢-O-二甲基逆没食子酸-4-O-b-D-木糖苷(10),19a-羟基-3-O-(a-L-阿拉伯糖)乌苏酸-28-O-b-D-葡萄糖苷(11), 3b-[(a-L-arabinopyranosyl)oxy]-urs-11,13(18)-dien-28-oic acid b-D- glucopyranosyl ester(13),3-O-a-L-arabinopyranosyl-urs-12,18(19)-dien-28-oic acid b-D-glucopyranosyl ester(14),儿茶素(15),还有一种可能是皂苷11的工作产物(12)。 This dissertation consisted of three chapters. The first chapter elaborated the progress of iridoids occurring in plants. The later two chapters respectively elaborated the chemical constituents of Eriophyton wallichii Benth. and Sanguisorba officinalis L. The first chapter is a review of the research progress of iridoids occurring in plants, which includes their structure and pharmacology. The second chapter consisted of two parts. The first part is about the chemical constituents of methanol extraction from the aerial parts of Eriophyton wallichii Benth. Seven compounds were isolated and identified. Among them, the compounds of marrubiin, ursolic acid, cimigoside, 5-deoxyantirrhinoside, 8-epiloganic acid,apigenin 7-(6''-p-coumaroyl)glucoside were firstly reported in this plant. A HPLC-MSn method was developed for rapid identification of major compounds of Eriophyton wallichii. A total of 8 peaks in the chromatograms were unequivocally determined (peaks 1, 8) or tentatively identified (peaks 2-7) based on the detailed UV and tandem mass spectra analysis. Seven components were identified as 8-epiloganic acid(Ⅰ),Quercitrin 3-glucoside-7-(6''-p-coumaroyl)glucoside(Ⅱ),ajugoside(I)(Ⅲ),Chrysoeriol 7-O-E-p-coumaroyl-3-O-b-D-glucoside(Ⅳ),helichrysoside(Ⅴ),apigenin 2,3-dihydrogen-7-(6''-p-coumaroyl) glucoside(Ⅵ),apigenin 7-(6''-p-coumaroyl) glucoside(Ⅶ)。 The third chapter elaborated the chemical constituents of methanol extraction from Sanguisorba officinalis L, eight compounds were isolated from this plant by repeat column chromatography over silica gel. These compounds were identified as 3,4′-O-dimethylellagic acid, 3,3′,4′-O-trimethylellagic acid, 3,4′-O-dimethylellagic acid-4-O-b-D-xyloside, 3b-O-a-L-arabinopyranosyl-19a- hydroxyl-urs-12-en-28-oic acid 28-b-D-glucopyranoside, 3b-[(a-L-arabinopyranosyl)oxy]-urs-11,13(18)-dien- 28-oic acid b-D-glucopyranosyl ester,3-O-a-L–arabinopyranosyl-urs-12,18(19) -dien-28-oic acid b-D-glucopyranosyl ester, catechin.