关于Müller冷度理论的几点注记

<正> 1.引言自六十年代初Coleman-Noll 的开创性工作以来,连续介质热力学蓬勃发展,其中一项重要进展就是冷度(coldness,中译见文,郭仲衡译)概念的引入.西德学者I.Müller 首先提出,人们通常广泛采用(包括Coleman-Noll 的工作)的经典熵流表达式(?)=(?)/T(θ) (1)其中(?)为热流向量,θ为经验温度,T(θ)为绝对温度,可能只适用于热静力学或最简单物质.在热动力学情形,对更一般的介质,熵流(?)应设为待定本构量,因而应当与其他本构函数一样由本构限制(特别是熵不等式)来导出其可能的形式,而没有任何特殊理由先验地

Heinrich event imprints in the Okinawa Trough: evidence from oxygen isotope and planktonic foraminifera

Planktonic foraminiferal faunas, oxygen isotope and modern analog technique sea surface temperature records were obtained in piston core DGKS9603 (28degrees08.869'N, 127degrees16.238'E, water depth 1100 in) collected from the middle Okinawa Trough. During the last glaciation, four cold events were identified and correlate Heinrich events (HE) H2-5 of the last 45 ka. During the last deglaciation, core DGKS9603 has begun to be influenced by the Kuroshio since about 16 cal ka BP. Three weakenings of this warm current occurred at about 2.8-5.3, 11.4 and 15.5 cal ka BP respectively. Among the three fluctuations, the oldest one is synchronous with HE1 and could be a response to the strong cooling observed in the North Atlantic Ocean. The fluctuation occurring at about 11.4 cal ka ago corresponds to the Younger Dryas within the age error bars. Our observations provide new evidence that the HEs documented from Greenland and the northern North Atlantic had a global climatic impact. Changes in the intensity of the East Asian monsoon could be the main mechanism responsible for the paleoccanographic variations observed in the Okinawa Trough. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.