4 resultados para Lesson Planing

em Chinese Academy of Sciences Institutional Repositories Grid Portal


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@@ 2009年4月23日,在中国人民海军创立60周年之际,中央军委主席胡锦涛在青岛奥帆中心附近海域检阅了多国海军舰队.阅兵开始,中国海军的导弹驱逐舰、护卫舰、核潜艇跃现海面,举世瞩目,见证了中国"建设一支强大的人民海军"的步伐.

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The Yangtze finless porpoise (Neophocaena phocaenoides asiaeorientalis) is currently limited to the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River from Yichang to Shanghai, China, and the adjoining Poyang and Dongting Lakes. Its population size has decreased remarkably during the last several decades due to the heavy impact of human activities, including overfishing of prey species, water development projects that cause attendant habitat loss and degradation, water pollution, and accidental deaths caused by harmful fishing gear and collisions with motorized vessels. It was estimated that the number of remaining individuals was down to approximately 1800 in 2006, a number that is decreasing at a rate as high as 5% per year. Three conservation measures - in situ and ex situ conservation and captive breeding have been applied to the protection of this unique porpoise since the early 1990s. Seven natural and two "semi-natural" reserves have so far been established. Since 1996, a small group of finless porpoises has been successfully reared in a facility at the Institute of Hydrobiology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences; three babies were born in captivity on July 5, 2005, June 2, 2007 and July 5, 2008. These are the first freshwater cetaceans ever born in captivity in the world. Several groups of these porpoises caught in the main stream of the Yangtze River, or rescued, have been introduced into the Tian'e-Zhou Semi-natural Reserve since 1990. These efforts have proven that, not only can these animals survive in the area, they are also to reproduce naturally and successfully. More than 30 calves had been born in the reserve since then, with one to three born each year. Taking deaths and transfers into account, there were approximately 30 individuals living in the reserve as of the end of 2007. Among eight mature females captured in April 2008, five were confirmed pregnant. This effort represents the first successful attempt at off-site protection of a cetacean species in the world, and establishes a solid base for conservation of the Yangtze finless porpoise. A lesson must be drawn from the tragedy of Chinese River Dolphin (Lipotes vexillifer), which has already been declared likely extinct. Strong, effective and appropriate protective measures must be carried out quickly to prevent the Yangtze finless porpoise from becoming a second Chinese River Dolphin, and save the biodiversity of the Yangtze River as a whole.

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土地利用是人类根据土地质量特性来开发利用土地,创造财富,满足人类生产和生活的需要,同时改善环境,满足人类生存需要的过程。土地利用总体规划是对未来各类用地在空间上、时间上作出总体的协调的预先安排,不仅受到一定历史背景的制约,同时也受影响于当前的社会经济发展情况。但是,国内传统的土地利用总体规划往往从狭窄的技术经济观点出发,对远期的生态环境问题、社会问题缺少考虑,将新的用地尽量安排在最便捷、最经济的地方。 由于土地利用总体规划对环境影响具有长期性、复杂性、综合性、有时还有不可逆转性等特点,迫切需要在编制土地利用总体规划时对规划区与土地利用有关的环境影响进行科学研究,把环境保护纳入土地利用活动的计划、决策和规划实施中,促进土地资源持续、协调的利用。为更好地进行土地利用总体规划环境影响评价必须首先建立相应的评价指标体系,而目前国内关于该项研究的理论和实践的相关报道都较少。 本论文在综述国内外土地利用总体规划环境影响评价的理论与实践的基础上,在国内第一批开展了相关领域的案例研究,采用理论研究和案例分析相结合的研究方法对土地利用总体规划环境影响评价方法和指标体系进行了研究,对邛崃市土地利用总体规划进行了环境影响评价,其研究的主要内容和论点如下: (1)第一次根据FAO 确定的五大原则,引入了生态用地的概念并按照价值模型构建了以土地资源可持续利用为目标的县级土地利用总体规划环境影响评价的指标体系。以生产性、稳定性、保护性、经济活力、社会可接受性五个方面作为指标层来度量土地利用总体规划的环境影响,并选取了土地利用率、土地整理率、水面指数、生态用地面积比例、耕地转化率、建设用地产值指数、公众满意度等21 个元指标作为具体的评价指标。该指标体系强调了规划方案的公众参与,便于充分吸收公众的意见和建议;并且评价指标获取容易,实用性较强。 (2)在土地利用总体规划环境影响评价方法上进行了有益的探索和尝试,由于土地利用总体规划环境影响评价的主要对象是几个拟定的规划方案,所以采用综合评分法(包括特尔斐法和层次分析法)和公众参与相结合的评价方法。应用上述指标体系和评价方法对邛崃市土地利用总体规划的三个方案进行了评价筛选,高方案最终得分为92.049;中方案最终得分为91.028;而低方案最终得分为95.541,为最优方案。 (3)开展了对土地利用总体规划替代方案和公众参与机制的研究,对公众参与的方式、程序及主要内容从理论和实践两方面进行了有益的尝试,收到了良好的效果。 (4)对邛崃市土地利用总体规划进行了环境影响评价,根据邛崃市的具体情况,对规划实施后可能造成的环境正、负面影响进行了分析和预测,提出了预防或者减轻不良环境影响的对策和措施。 Land use is a process, which is to develop land according to its mass property. Bycreating the wealth and improving the environment, it can meet the need of production,life and human survival. Land use planning, as a planning form to guide land use, issubject to the historical background, and influenced by development of economic andsociety. The land use planning in the past, from narrow economic technology view,lacking of concerning ecologic environmentand social problem, arranged new land in the most convenient and economic place. Because of complexity, comprehensive and sometimes irreversible characteristicsof environmental impact caused by land use planning which has been implemented, it isneed to carry on scientific research on environmental impact related to land use as theland use planning is forming, to bring environmental protection within the plan, policymaking and implementing of land use activity, promoting the sustainment, harmonious use of land resource. This paper, taking the readjustment of land use planning in Qionglai as an example,assessed its environmental impact of land use planning. The main contents and results arepresented as follows: (1) On the basis of the five criterions of AFO, for the first time propose county classoverall planning of land uses SEA index by inducting ecological land use andestablishing the Value factor system, according to Productivity criterion,Stabilitycriterion,Sheltered criterion,Economic livingness criterion,Social acceptabilitycriterion,the environmental impact of land use system was assessed by using Valuemodel. Through identifying the factors of environmental impact of land use planning, thepaper established the factor system of SEA of land use planning. From the land usefactors, 21 factors was chosen to assess the environmental impact degree of land useplanning, such as, index of land use degree, the rate of land collating, index of watersurface, the rate of ecological use land, cultivated land conversion ratio, forest landconversion ratio, public satisfaction degree and so on. These indexes make a point thatpublic participation of plan project fully absorb public idea and propose and the index easily get, better utility. (2) Attempt useful assessment method system of SEA of land use planning. In viewof there are no or almost no inevitable contact among the factors of SEA of land useplanning,we use AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) as the main assess method . Thereare three plans are compared in this paper apply the foregoing index and assessmentmethod. The high plan finally score is 92.049,while the middle plan is 91.028. The lowplan score is 95.541,is the best one,as the selected plan. (3) Carry on the research of the alternative scheme of overall planing of land useand public participation,to the fashion ,procedure and object matter carry out helpfulattempt from theory to practice,the results is good. (4)Took place SEA of Qionglai County overall planing of land use,according to thecircumstance of Qionglai,we analyze and forecast the positive and negative affect afterthe plan implement,and put forward the countermeasure and means to prevent or abatebad environmental impact.

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区域水土流失评价对于水土流失区域治理的宏观决策、规划等具有十分重要的意义 .本文以黄土高原地区为例 ,结合影响水土流失的各个因子 ,分析了该区的自然特征 ,确定了进行区域水土流失评价的各项指标 (模型参数 ) ,并运用 GIS,集成了多种来源、多种比尺和多种类型的数据 ,建立了该区的水土流失宏观定量评价模型