降雨条件下土壤入渗的规律研究

本文从描述非饱和土壤中水分流动的基本方程出发,对4种不同典型土壤在各种假定的均匀降雨速率下的入渗速率进行了数值模拟。结果表明,在降雨初期,由于降雨率低于入渗率,故全部雨量入渗,但当雨率大于入渗速率之后,入渗流动可以比拟为饱和水柱向非饱和区推进的柱塞流,其速率与饱和水柱长度成反比,而与分隔非饱和区与饱和水柱的湿润阵面上吸力大小成正比。如果对实际计算的吸力与Mein及Larson所推荐的理论计算吸力分别按各自最大吸力进行无量纲化,发现二者值吻合得很好。根据柱塞流这样一个概念,本文推导了决定入渗率等于雨率时的时间及该时的湿润锋面位置,并继而推导了在此以后,如果雨率永远大于入渗率情况下(并且不考虑地表有积水)入渗速率与湿润锋面位置的解析解,大大地简化了入渗率的工作量,具有实际应用的意义。

Radiosensitivity to high energy iron ions is influenced by heterozygosity for Atm, Rad9 and Brca1

Loss of function of DNA repair genes has been implicated in the development of many types of cancer. In the last several years, heterozygosity leading to haploinsufficiency for proteins involved in DNA repair was shown to play a role in genomic instability and carcinogenesis after DNA damage is induced, for example by ionizing radiation. Since the effect of heterozygosity for one gene is relatively small, we hypothesize that predisposition to cancer could be a result of the additive effect of heterozygosity for two or more genes critical to pathways that control DNA damage signaling, repair or apoptosis. We investigated the role of heterozygosity for Aim, Rad9 and Brad on cell oncogenic transformation and cell survival induced by 1 GeV/n Fe-56 ions. Our results show that cells heterozygous for both Aim and Rad9 or A tin and Brca1 have high survival rates and are more sensitive to transformation by high energy iron ions when compared with wild-type controls or cells haploinsufficient for only one of these proteins. Since mutations or polymorphisms for similar genes exist in a small percentage of the human population, we have identified a radiosensitive sub-population. This finding has several implications. First, the existence of a radiosensitive sub-population may distort the shape of the dose response relationship. Second, it would not be ethical to put exceptionally radiosensitive individuals into a setting where they may potentially be exposed to substantial doses of radiation. (C) 2010 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.