A Review of Studies on the Mechanical Behavior of Microcellular Plastics

对微孔泡沫塑料力学行为的研究文献进行了综述,简单介绍了微孔泡沫塑料的制备和表征方法,重点介绍了微孔泡沫塑料力学性能的研究工作,其中也包括作者近期在该领域的一些工作。这些工作主要讨论了微孔泡沫塑料的压缩、拉伸、冲击、疲劳和黏弹性效应。最后：给出了对该领域工作的一些讨论和展望。

A review of dynamic fracture mechanics in China

This paper summarizes the recent development of dynamic fracture in China. The review covers analytical and numerical results on elastodynamic crack fields in 3D and layered media; experimental and theoretical research on dynamic mechanical properties of rocks and advanced materials; transient effects on ideally plastic crack-tip fields when the inertia forces are not negligible.

A review of the cyprinoid fish genus Barbodes Bleeker, 1859, from Yunnan, China, with descriptions of two new species

Fishes of the genus Barbodes in Yunnan have been reviewed and 2 new species are described on the basis of specimens deposited in Kunming institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Counts and measurements follow Chu and Chen (1989). Barbodes heterostomus is distinguished by its terminal mouth, with gape being horizontal in the male, and acclivitous in the female, last unbranched dorsal ray smooth with upper 1/3 articulated; dorsal fin origin anterior to pelvic fin origin; no dark lateral band on sides of body; gill rakers 13-19; lateral line scales 24-29; longest caudal ray length about 2 times that of shortest. It is distributed in Longchuanjiang and Dayingjiang (upper Irrawaddy). Barbodes baoshanensis is distinguished by its smooth last unbranched dorsal ray with upper 1/3-1/2 articulated; dorsal fin origin anterior to pelvic fin origin; sides of body with a dark longitudinal band; gill rakers 13-14; lateral line scales 23-28. It occurs in Nujiang (upper Salween) and Longchuanjiang. A key to the species of Barbodes in Yunnan is provided.

A review of the Chinese species of Crossocheilus, with description of a new species (Ostariophysi : Cyprinidae)

Fishes of the genus Crossocheilus in China is reviewed on the basis of specimens in Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Crossocheilus multirastellus is described from the upper Irrawaddy and upper Salween rivers. It is distinguished from all of its congeners by having two black longitudinal stripes on sides of body, 36-38 lateral line scales, 18-25 gill rakers, anus at midpoint between ventral fin and anal fin insertions, ventral fin extending over anus, a large deep blue rhomboid spot above the pectoral fin, and a straight mouth gape almost equal to head width. There are presently two species of Crossocheilus fishes in China. Crossocheilus bamaensis Fang and Crossocheilus liuchengensis Liang, Liu & Wu are recognized here as members of the genus Sinocrossocheilus.

Taxonomic review of the genus Sinocrossocheilus Wu (Teleostei : Cyprinidae), with a description of four new species

All Sinocrossocheilus species, except S. microstomatus, are reviewed. Four new species, S. labiata, S. papillolabra, S. nigrovittata, and S. longibulla, are described. The genus Sinocrossocheilus differs from other genera of Cyprinidae by the last simple dorsal fin ray being unserrated and unossified, the last unbranched anal fin ray being unserrated and unossified, the 5-branched anal fin rays, the mouth gap being inferior, the rostral cap covering the lower jaw and connecting directly with the lower lip, a row of fleshy lobes on the lower jaw, and a cloudy black spot above the pectoral fin. Sinocrossocheilus labiata is small and has 22 predorsal scales; S. longibulla has a very large air bladder; S. papillolabra possesses a well-developed ventral fin and a wide band covered by fleshy papillae on the lower lip; and S. nigrovittata possesses black longitudinal stripes along the lateral line. Crossocheilus bamaensis and Crossocheilus liuchengensis are transferred to the genus Sinocrossocheilus. Sinocrossocheilus species are endemic to the central and eastern Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau of China, where river systems are anfractuous, including seasonal rivers, cave rivers, underground rivers, and streamlets between mountains. These separated rivers probably provide conditions for the allopatric speciation of the Sinocrossocheilus.

A review of the Nemacheilinae genus Oreonectes Gunther with descriptions of two new species (Teleostei : Balitoridae)

The loach genus Oreonectes is reviewed in this study. Six valid species are recognized, including two new species. Oreonectes polystigmus sp. nov., and Oreonectes microphthalmus sp. nov. are described from the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China. Amon

A TAXONOMIC REVIEW OF TYLOTOTRITON VERRUCOSUS ANDERSON (AMPHIBIA, CAUDATA, SALAMANDRIDAE)

Generally it has not been recognized that salamanders of two distinctive color morphs currently are assigned to Tylototriton verrucosus Anderson. One form is uniformly dark brown dorsally, with bright orange coloration confined to the ventral edge of the tail; the other has a dark brown to black dorsal ground color with orange dorsolateral warts, an orange vertebral crest, and orange lateral and medial crests on the head. In addition, the limbs and ventrolateral surfaces of the second form have a variable pattern of orange coloration. The brown form occurs in northeastern India, Nepal, northern Burma, Bhutan, northern Thailand, the type locality in extreme western Yunnan, and perhaps in northern Vietnam. The orange-patterned form occurs only in western Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China. The two forms appear to be allopatric but occur close together in the area of the type locality near the Burma border in western Yunnan. There is no evidence of color intergradation in specimens from this region. Analyses of morphometric and meristic characters, however, suggest the possibility of limited genetic exchange between adjacent populations of brown and orange-patterned forms in western Yunnan. The genetic and taxonomic relationships between the two forms is not fully resolved. However, these two highly distinctive forms obviously have evolved along independent trajectories and merit taxonomic recognition. We therefore propose to restrict the concept of Tylototriton verrucosus to the brown form and designate a neotype for that purpose, and we describe a new species to receive the orange-patterned form.

A Review of Nontraditional Biomanipulation

The aim of this review is to identify problems, find general patterns, and extract recommendations for successful management using nontraditional biomanipulation to improve water quality. There are many obstacles that prevent traditional biomanipulation from achieving expectations: expending largely to remove planktivorous fish, reduction of external and internal phosphorus, and macrophyte re-establishment. Grazing pressure from large zooplankton is decoupled in hypereutrophic waters where cyanobacterial blooms flourish. The original idea of biomanipulation (increased zooplankton grazing rate as a tool for controlling nuisance algae) is not the only means of controlling nuisance algae via biotic manipulations. Stocking phytoplanktivorous fish may be considered to be a nontraditional method; however, it can be an effective management tool to control nuisance algal blooms in tropical lakes that are highly productive and unmanageable to reduce nutrient concentrations to low levels. Although small enclosures increase spatial overlap between predators and prey, leading to overestimates of the impact of predation, microcosm and whole-lake experiments have revealed similar community responses to major factors that regulate lake communities, such as nutrients and planktivorous fish. Both enclosure experiments and large-scale observations revealed that the initial phytoplankton community composition greatly impacted the success of biomanipulation. Long-term observations in Lake Donghu and Lake Qiandaohu have documented that silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and bighead carp (H. nobilis) (two filter-feeding planktivorous species commonly used in management) can suppress Microcystis blooms efficiently. The introduction of silver and bighead carp could be an effective management technique in eutrophic systems that lack macrozooplankton. We confirmed that nontraditional biomanipulation is only appropriate if the primary aim is to reduce nuisance blooms of large algal species, which cannot be controlled effectively by large herbivorous zooplankton. Alternatively, this type of biomanipulation did not work efficiently in less eutrophic systems where nanophytoplankton dominated.

Inland free-living nematodes in China: A historical review of taxonomic studies with descriptions of Aphanonchus orientalis sp nov (Chromadorida : Leptolaimidae) and Daptonema limnobia sp nov (Monhysterida : Xyalidae)

The study of inland free-living nematodes is relatively imperfect in China, only seventeen papers were previously published. Since the early researches in 20-30s, few works have been accomplished until 80s. Altogether 171 taxa were formerly recorded, among which, over eighty species have been re-combined. A checklist of the former records with notes on their distribution is presented in this paper. Recently, the function of free-living nematodes has received much attention from Chinese zoologists. Hence, the present authors carried out their studies with emphasis on taxonomy of inland nematodes. During the survey of freshwater lakes, two species are found to be nem to science. Aphanonchus orientalis sp. nov. is characterized by having sclerotized vagina, the presence of 10-11 tubular supplements and 42-62 alveoli supplements in males, but no alveoli in females. Daptonema limnobia sp, nov. is distinguished from other species of the genus in the presence of larger and more anteriorly located amphids, shorter bifurcated spicules, smaller apophysis of gubernaculum, shorter terminal setae, and postvulval uterine sac in females.