1 resultado para International Labour Organization
em Chinese Academy of Sciences Institutional Repositories Grid Portal
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Resumo:
仅以污染物浓度定义土壤污染并评价其潜在风险,缺乏对其生态毒性效应的综合考虑,不能反映土壤污染对生物及人体健康的潜在危害。传统的生态毒理研究仅局限于依据宏观生理指标,如半致死剂量,产茧量等,这些指标对环境浓度(亚致死浓度)土壤污染的响应较差甚至不响应,无法应用于环境浓度的污染土壤诊断。土壤生物微观生理、生化指标,作为一种较为敏感的土壤生态毒理效应及毒性诊断手段,近几年来成为研究热点。 本文以赤子爱胜蚓(Eisenia fetida)为供试生物,草甸棕壤为供试土壤,以国际标准组织(International Standard Organization-ISO)方法指南为参考,以蚯蚓微粒体细胞色素P450含量、抗氧化酶系(超氧化物歧化酶-SOD、过氧化氢酶-CAT和过氧化物酶-POD)和谷胱甘肽转移酶(GST)活性为指标,进行了的典型多环芳烃污染物-苯并(a)芘和内泌干扰物-壬基酚在土壤中暴露的动态量效关系研究,试验浓度范围为0.1-2 mg•kg -1。 研究结果如下:1)苯并(a)芘与细胞色素P450含量具有动态响应关系。总体上,诱导效应明显,诱导时间对P450活性影响显著(P<0.05);2)在试验浓度范围(0.1-2 mg•kg-1)内, GST对试验浓度的BaP未产生生态毒性响应;3)CAT 和POD酶活性对低浓度的BaP暴露响应具有延时性(即第7d开始响应)和阶段性(即第7d前无明显响应、第7d后响应消失)特征;4) 在BaP胁迫下,蚯蚓体内SOD产生明显响应,苯并(a)芘暴露1~3d,SOD酶活性整体升高,最大升幅30%,与对照差异显著。苯并(a)芘暴露的第7d和14d, 除0.1 mg•kg -1外,0.5~2 mg•kg-1 BaP处理组中SOD酶活性均显著降低(P<0.05),这表明BaP造成了抗氧化防御酶系的损伤。以上结果表明: 5项指标中, 代谢解毒酶系指标P450和抗氧化酶系指标SOD对BaP暴露响应较为敏感,CAT,POD以及GST的敏感性较差。各指标敏感性总体为:P450>SOD>CAT,POD>GST。综合本试验及其他相关实验结果初步确认,苯并(a)芘生态毒性>芘>菲。 低浓度(0.1~2.0 mg•kg-1)壬基酚(NP)土壤暴露动态关系研究结果表明:1)壬基酚(NP)与细胞色素P450含量具有动态响应关系。1、7、14d时,P450整体表现为低浓度下抑制,而高浓度下诱导的趋势。随着诱导时间的延长P450含量表现出显著的升高趋势;SOD活性在较高浓度3d暴露后降低,而第7、14d时显著升高。NP诱导与P450含量与SOD酶活性两种指标的响应趋势与BaP诱导下的响应趋势大体吻合。CAT的响应较前两者差,随着诱导时间的延长,在第7、14d个别浓度下CAT表现出升高趋势。GST与POD对试验浓度下的NP诱导未产生明显和快速的毒性响应。NP诱导第3dGST出现升高趋势。NP诱导的第14d POD (2 mg•kg-1)有显著降低。总体上,各指标对NP诱导的敏感性顺序依次为:P450,SOD>CAT>GST, POD。 继前期的“蚯蚓P450对土壤菲、芘暴露生态毒理研究”以及“土壤低浓度PAHs胁迫下蚯蚓差异表达基因筛选研究”之后,本论文中所进行的“土壤BaP暴露生态毒性响应研究”作为上述整体研究内容的组成部分,从两个方面获得研究进展:第一,进一步证实P450指标对低剂量多环芳烃污染响应的相对敏感性。第二,从代谢解毒酶系的角度发现苯并(a)芘生态毒性>芘>菲。这一结果与基因水平上论证的细胞色素P450(类似Cyp2R1)对 PAHs胁迫下的研究结果一致。 本论文中进行的土壤NP暴露生态毒性响应研究,首次将内分泌干扰物纳入土壤毒理研究中,丰富了土壤生态毒理学的研究内容。研究进一步证实蚯蚓细胞色素P450指标对多种污染物低剂量暴露诊断的广谱适应性。研究也为内分泌干扰物的生态毒性评价提供了基础依据。