co-creativepen toolkit: a pen-based 3d toolkit for children cooperatly designing virtual environment

Co-CreativePen Toolkit is a pen-based 3D toolkit for children cooperatly designing virtual environment. This toolkit is used to construct different applications involved with distributedpen-based 3D interaction. In this toolkit,sketch method is encapsulated as kinds of interaction techniques. Children can use pen to construct 3D and IBR objects, to navigate in the virtual world, to select and manipulate virtual objects, and to communicate with other children. Children can use pen to select other children in the virtual world, and use pen to write message to children selected The distributed architecture of Co-CreativePen Toolkit is based on the CORBA. A common scene graph is managed in the server with several copies of this graph are managed in every client.Every changes of the scene graph in client will cause the change in the server and other client.

基于TUI的场景规划系统中的交互技术

单摄像头条件下,基于桌面TUI,划分出4类具有不同场景语义的用户界面操作实物;分析实物用户界面中执行通用交互任务的特点,建立支持4类语义的3层系统设计框架;结合场景规划系统自身特征,设计了4类承载上述场景语义的标记,并提出标记任务分配策略;为解决大场景与小视域之间的矛盾,结合paddle技术,提出动态比例空间、动态成组、双手交互和遮挡处理等交互技术;借鉴认知心理学原理,提出时空复用交互技术;开发基于TUI的交互工具箱,并进行了应用验证.

虚拟环境下基于语义的三维交互技术

自然、高效的三维交互技术是虚拟现实系统成功应用的关键．现有的交互技术主要是从几何层次上考虑如何有效实现交互任务，而对面向高层应用的交互任务的支持还不够．借鉴人类在真实世界中的认知原理，虚拟环境中的交互对象不仅具有外观意义上的几何属性，而且包含了与交互有关的规则、约束和供给等语义属性，这些虚拟对象称为语义对象．在系统导航、对象选择／操作等交互任务的执行中，通过语义对象可以实现高层交互语义的封装和解析．从应用角度提高交互技术的效率和可用性，为用户提供“直接操纵”之上的面向高层语义的交互隐喻．屏蔽交互技术的底层实现细节，使用户专注于应用领域相关的高层交互控制。

桌面虚拟现实环境下的双手交互技术

面向桌面虚拟环境,在分析通用交互设备特点的基础上,提出了具有广泛适用性的双手交互的设备组合;根据虚拟现实通用交互任务的需求,结合设备特点,提出了为左、右手设备分配不同的子任务的策略;组合不同的单手交互技术,提出了包括基于辅助平面的双手交互等3个适用于典型桌面设备组合的双手交互技术;开发了双手交互技术工具箱,并进行了应用验证·

信息可视化中的交互技术研究

随着计算技术的发展，使海量信息得以存在并迅猛增长。近年来商务智能、生物信息学、社会网络分析等新兴应用领域的迅速发展，对海量信息的有效利用提出了迫切的要求。我们正处于信息爆炸的时代，纷繁复杂的信息给人们理解、查询和获取知识带来沉重的负担。信息可视化通过对抽象信息提供计算机支持的、交互式的、可视化的表示形式，不断增强人们对于复杂信息的认知能力，成为人们解释现象、发现规律、辅助决策的强有力工具。 人机交互是信息可视化的重要研究领域。然而，对于信息可视化中的人机交互的研究仍存在以下挑战：一是传统的信息可视化研究主要关注数据转换过程并以可视编码为核心，缺乏从人的角度出发对任务进行全面分析，对于新出现的交互任务提供的理论支持不足，需要对传统信息可视化模型予以扩展。二是针对海量信息在小界面中的可视化与交互问题，如何为用户提供真正符合认知规律的新的交互式可视化技术，使用户能够高效地进行交互探索以洞悉知识。三是针对领域应用中的非专家用户需要构建具有个性化用户界面的交互式信息可视化系统的问题，如何提供一套统一的开发方法。本文正是从上述问题出发，围绕着信息可视化中的交互技术，从理论、方法与应用等方面展开研究。 本文首先论述了信息爆炸带来的挑战以及信息可视化的发展趋势，继而对信息可视化、人机交互、模型驱动架构等相关研究进行了综述。在此基础上构建了交互式信息可视化框架，建立了交互式信息可视化的用户界面模型IIVM。然后，针对海量信息在小界面中的可视化与交互问题，提出了嵌套圆鱼眼视图技术、基于嵌套圆鱼眼视图的Focus+Context交互式可视化技术、基于网络关注度模型的Focus+Context交互式可视化技术。针对非专家用户构建具有个性化用户界面的交互式信息可视化应用的问题，提出了基于模型IIVM的交互式信息可视化系统开发方法Daisy。最后，将上述研究成果应用于制造企业交互式信息可视化系统与计算机文件系统的开发，给出了两个应用实例。 本文的创新点主要包括： 1. 构建了一个交互式信息可视化框架。 本文在信息可视化的经典模型基础上对其进行扩展，构建了一个交互式信息可视化框架。该框架从用户、任务、信息三个方面对信息可视化进行描述，深入分析了信息的转换过程、任务的层次树模型、用户的认知规律，并讨论了三者之间相互影响的关系。该框架提炼了信息可视化中人的特征、计算机表示的信息的特征以及相互之间的关系，能够为信息可视化中的人机交互理论提供支撑。 2. 建立了交互式信息可视化的用户界面模型IIVM。 本文围绕着交互式信息可视化框架中的用户的特征、任务的特征、信息的特征及其相互之间的关系，基于Puerta提出的基于模型的界面开发通用框架中的界面模型，建立了交互式信息可视化的用户界面模型IIVM。讨论了IIVM的抽象组成元素即用户模型、任务模型、领域信息模型，以及具体组成元素即可视化表征模型与对话模型，建立了各个模型间的映射关系，并给出了IIVM的形式化定义。IIVM能够有效地描述具有个性化用户界面的交互式信息可视化系统。 3. 提出了两种新的Focus+Context交互式可视化技术。 针对海量信息在小界面中的可视化与交互问题，在认知心理学规律基础上，提出了嵌套圆鱼眼视图技术；提出了一种基于嵌套圆鱼眼视图的Focus+Context交互式可视化技术；提出了一种基于网络关注度模型的Focus+Context交互式可视化技术。实验结果表明：上述方法能够有效解决在小界面内对海量信息的交互式可视化的问题，具有较高任务完成效率和用户满意度。 4. 提出了一种基于模型的交互式信息可视化系统开发方法Daisy。 提出了一种基于模型IIVM的交互式信息可视化系统开发方法Daisy。描述了该方法的软件生命周期，论述了其中两项关键技术：IIVM建模与描述文件生成方法、系统自动生成方法。讨论了支撑该方法的Daisy平台的体系结构，给出了Daisy工具箱。实验表明，该方法可以为非专家用户构建交互式信息可视化的特定领域应用提供一种有效的解决方案。 5. 基于上述研究成果完成了制造业交互式信息可视化系统和计算机文件可视化系统等两个实际系统的开发。 将研究成果应用于两个系统。一方面，将Daisy方法及Focus+Context交互可视化技术应用于制造业领域，构建了制造业企业交互式信息可视化系统。实例表明，Daisy能够面向非专家用户、为交互式信息可视化系统的开发提供一种统一的解决方案。另一方面，将基于嵌套圆鱼眼视图的Focus+Context交互式可视化技术应用于计算机文件系统，开发了基于嵌套圆的计算机文件可视化系统。应用实例表明，本文研究成果既具有理论价值又具有应用价值。

Heating characteristics of blunt swept fin-induced shock wave turbulent boundary layer interaction

An experimental study was conducted on shock wave turbulent boundary layer interactions caused by a blunt swept fin-plate configuration at Mach numbers of 5.0, 7.8, 9.9 for a Reynolds number range of (1.0.similar to 4.7) x 10(7)/m. Detailed heat transfer and pressure distributions were measured at fin deflection angles of up to 30 degrees for a sweepback angle of 67.6 degrees. Surface oil flow patterns and liquid crystal thermograms as well as schlieren pictures of fin shock shape were taken. The study shows that the flow was separated at deflection of 10 degrees and secondary separation were detected at deflection of theta greater than or equal to 20 degrees. The heat transfer and pressure distributions on flat plate showed an extensive plateau region followed by a distinct dip and local peak close to the fin foot. Measurements of the plateau pressure and heat transfer were in good agreement with existing prediction methods, but pressure and heating peak measurements at M greater than or equal to 6 were significantly lower than predicted by the simple prediction techniques at lower Mach numbers.

DEVELOPMENT OF CURRENT-BASED MICROSCOPIC DEFECT ANALYSIS-METHODS AND ASSOCIATED OPTICAL FILLING TECHNIQUES FOR THE INVESTIGATION ON HIGHLY IRRADIATED HIGH-RESISTIVITY SILICON DETECTORS

Current based microscopic defect analysis methods such as current deep level transient spectroscopy (I-DLTS) and thermally stimulated current (TSC) have been further developed in accordance with the need for the defect analysis of highly irradiated (Phi(n) > 10(13) n/cm(2)) high resistivity silicon detectors. The new I-DLTS/TSC system has a temperature range of 8 K less than or equal to T less than or equal to 450 K and a high sensitivity that can detect a defect concentration of less than 10(10)/cm(3) (background noise as low as 10 fA). A new filling method using different wavelength laser illumination has been applied, which is more efficient and suitable than the traditional voltage pulse filling. It has been found that the filling of a defect level depends on such factors as the total concentration of free carriers generated or injected, the penetration length of the laser (laser wavelength), the temperature at which the filling is taking place, as well as the decay time after the filling (but before the measurement). The mechanism of the defect filling can be explained by the competition between trapping and detrapping of defect levels, possible capture cross section temperature dependence, and interaction among various defect levels in terms of charge transferring. Optimum defect filling conditions have been suggested for highly irradiated high resistivity silicon detectors.

Studies on interaction of bovine serum albumin with indo-1 by fluorescence spectroscopic method

The binding-site number was calculated by using fluorescence spectroscopic method with bovine serum albumin(BSA) and Indo-1 as protein and ligand models, respectively. The method for calculating binding-site number in BSA for Indo-1 was developed based on the relationships between the changes of Indo-1 fluorescence intensity and the analytical concentration of BSA. And the interaction of BSA with Indo-1 was investigated comprehensively by using fluorescence techniques as well as fluorescence resonance energy transfer, and the thermodynamic parameters were calculated according to the changes of enthalpy on temperature.,

Interaction of echinomycin with guanine: electrochemistry and spectroscopy studies

The interaction of antitumor antibiotic, echinomycin (Echi) with guanine (Gua) was thoroughly investigated by adsorptive transfer stripping cyclic voltammetry, ultraviolet and visible adsorption spectra (UV/Vis) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Electrochemistry provided a simple tool for verifying the occurrence of interaction between Echi and Gua. Echi could be accumulated from the solution and give well-defined electrochemical signals in 0.1 M phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.0) only when Gua was present on the surface of the electrochemically pretreated glass carbon electrode (GCE), suggesting a strong binding of Echi to Gua. All the acquired spectral data showed that a new adduct between Echi and Gua was formed, and two pairs of adjacent intermolecular hydrogen bonds between the Ala backbone atoms in Echi and Gua (Ala-NH to Gua-N3 and Gua-NH2 to Ala-CO) played a dominating role in the interaction. Electrochemistry coupled with spectroscopy techniques could provide a relatively easy way to obtain useful insights into the molecular mechanism of drug-DNA interactions, which should be important in the development of new anticancer drugs with specific base recognition.

Fabrication of layer-by-layer deposited multilayer films containing DNA and its interaction with methyl green

Multilayer films were fabricated by layer-by-layer electrostatic deposition techniques between poly(diallyIdimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) and calf thymus DNA (CT DNA) on glassy carbon and quartz substrates. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and UV-vis spectroscopy demonstrated the uniform assembly of PDDA/DNA multilayer films, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed the elemental composition of the films. Moreover, the interaction of DNA in PDDA/DNA films with methyl green was investigated by UV-vis spectroscopy and circular dichroism (CD). (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Preparation of TiO2 Film through Hydrolysis of Titanium Butoxide and Interaction between Sensitizing Dyes and the Film

A method of preparation of stable, homogeneous and controlled thickness TiO2 film through hydrolysis of Ti(OC4H(9))(4) is introduced in detail. The structure and property of the film have been investigated by means of SEM and FT-IR techniques. The strong quenching effect between sensitizing dyes and TiO2 film is observed in their fluorescence spectra.

Adsorption and interaction of H2S/SO2 on TiO2

Adsorption and interaction of H2S/SO2 on titania as well as on alumina for comparison has been studied by temperature programmed desorption (TPD), infrared (IR) spectroscopy and temperature programmed electronic conductivity (TPEC) techniques. It was found that the adsorption of both H2S acid SO2 on TiO2 is much greater than on Al2O3. The electronic conductivity of TiO2 measured by TPEC varies significantly as adsorption and desorption takes place on TiO2, showing a strong interaction between TiO2 and adsorbates. At temperature above 200 degrees C, H2S or SO2 adsorbed on TiO2 can be converted into S, H2O and SO2 or SO3. While on the hydrogen treated TiO2, H2S is decomposed into S and H-2, SO2 into S. The active sites on TiO2 surface cannot be so strongly adsorbed by SO2 that it is much more resistant to the sulfation reaction. Unlike TiO2, Al2O3 only provides surface adsorption sites, which can be readily sulfated. The data obtained support one's understanding why TiO2 exhibits a better catalytic performance than that of Al2O3 as a Claus reaction catalyst. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.