An experimental-study of the bending behavior of call hybrid composites

The bending behavior and damage characteristics of CALL (Carbon fiber/epoxy/AL Laminate) hybrid composites have been studied by moire interferometry. The shear strain distribution along the cross-section and the forms of damage of bending beams are obtained. The results show that the magnitude of the shear strain in a carbon/epoxy layer is obviously larger than that in a corresponding aluminum layer and the shear strain distribution of a CFRP layer along the cross-section conforms basically to a parabolic distribution curve, as for the shear strain distribution in aluminum layers along the cross-section. Shear damage, either in the interfaces or in carbon-fiber/epoxy laminae, and tensile failure of CFRP laminae in the tension surface represent, respectively, the damage forms of the longitudinal and transverse bending specimen.

云南基诺族及汉族特发性全面强直-阵挛性癫(癎)与CLCN2基因的相关性

目的 研究氯离子通道CLC-2基因是否与中国云南地区基诺族及汉族特发性全面强直-阵挛性癫(癎)(IGTCS)相关.方法 以14例云南西双版纳傣族自治州景洪市基诺乡基诺族IGTCS患者及其16名未发病亲属、67例云南籍汉族IGTCS患者及57名云南籍汉族健康体检者为对照,对常染色体3q26上CLCN2基因的内含子2及外显子5、19(内含子18)进行研究,采用PCR及直接基因测序技术,应用病例-对照研究法对CLCN2基因与云南基诺族及汉族IGTCS进行相关性分析.结果 CLCN2基因的内含子2及外显子5、19在病例组和对照组中均没有发现已报道的易患突变,但我们在对外显子19的序列测定过程中发现了其上游内含子18的146位上存在1个单核苷酸多态性位点:146T→C.该位点的3种基因型(TT、TC、CC)在汉族病例组(9、3、29例)和汉族对照组(22、9、26例)之间的分布差异有统计学意义(x2=16.079,P＜0.05);在基诺族组(基诺族病例组+基诺族亲属组,6、12、12例)与汉族对照组(22、9、26例)之间分布差异亦有统计学意义(x2=7.027,P＜0.05).汉族病例组与汉族对照组间TT型与非TT型基因型(分别为9、32例和22、35例)、TC型与非TC型基因型(分别为3、38例和9、48例)比较差异有统计学意义(x2=10.694,OR=4.121,P＜0.05;x2=11.592,OR=0.238,P＜0.05).结论 CLCN2基因内含子18的多态性位点146T→C可能是中国云南地区基诺族与汉族IGTCS患者的1个相关性位点,且在本组有限的样本数量研究中,此SNP位点在两个民族IGTCS患者之间的分布无民族差异.基因型TT为IGTCS的1个保护性因素,基因型TC则增加了患者的易患性.

Isolation and characterization of Scophthalmus maximus rhabdovirus

A rhabdovirus associated with a lethal hemorrhagic disease in cultured turbot Scophthalm us maximus Linnaeus was isolated. The virus induced typical cytopathogenic effects (CPE) in 9 of 15 fish cell lines examined and was then propagated and isolated from infected carp leucocyte cells (CLC). Electron microscopy observations revealed that the negatively stained virions had a typical bullet-shaped morphology with one rounded end and one flat base end. The bullet-shaped morphology was more obvious and clear in ultrathin sections of infected cells. Experimental infections also indicated that the S. maximus rhabdovirus (SMRV) was not only a viral pathogen for cultured turbot, but also had the ability to infect other fish species, such as freshwater grass carp. A partial nucleotide sequence of the SMRV polymerase gene was determined by RT-PCR using 2 pairs of degenerate primers designed according to the conserved sequences of rhabdovirus polymerase genes. Homology analysis, amino acid sequence alignment, and phylogenetic relationship analysis of the partial SMRV polymerase sequence indicated that SMRV was genetically distinct from other rhabdoviruses. Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis of the purified SMRV revealed 5 major structural proteins, and their molecular masses were estimated to be about 250, 58, 47, 42, and 28 kDa. Significant serological reactivity differences were also observed between SMRV and its nearest neighbor, spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV). The data suggest that SMRV is likely a novel fish rhabdovirus, although it is closely related to rhabdoviruses in the genus Vesiculovirus.

Induction of apoptosis in a carp leucocyte cell line infected with turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.) rhabdovirus

A rhabdovirus was observed from the diseased turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.) with lethal syndrome. In this study, a carp leucocyte (CLC) cell line was used to investigate the infection process and cell death mechanism occurring during the virus infection. Strong cytopathogenic effect (CPE) and the morphological changes, such as extreme chromatin condensation, nucleus fragmentation, and apoptotic body formation, were observed under fluorescence microscopy after DAPI staining in the infected CLC cells. Transmission electron microscopy analysis showed cell shrinkage, plasma membrane blebbing, cytoplasm vacuolization, chromatin condensation, nuclear breakdown and formation of discrete apoptotic bodies. The bullet-shaped nucleocapsids were measured and ranged in size from 110 to 150 nm in length and 40 to 60 nm in diameter. And therefore the virus is called Scophthalmus maximus rhabdovirus (SMRV). Agarose gel electrophoresis analysis of the DNA extracted from infected cells showed typical DNA ladder in the course of SMRV infection. Flow cytometry analysis of SMRV infected CLC cells detected apoptotic peak in the virus infected CLC cells. Virus titre analysis and electron microscopic observation revealed that the virus replication fastigium was earlier than that of the apoptosis occurrence. No apoptosis was observed in the CLC infected with UV-inactivated SMRV. All these supported that SMRV infected CLC cells undergo apoptosis and the virus replication is necessary for apoptosis induction of CLC cells. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V.

Numerical simulation of mesoscopic mechanical behaviors of gradual multi-fiber-reinforced polymer matrix composites

To simulate the deformation and the fracture of gradual multi-fiber-reinforced matrix composites, a numerical simulation method for the mesoscopic mechanical behaviors was developed on the basis of the finite element and the Monte Carlo methods. The results indicate that the strength of a composite increases if the variability of statistical fiber strengths is decreased.

碳纤维复合材料

最近,碳纤维复合材料(CFRP)从大型客机的二次构造材发展到一次构造材,这一重要进展是多年来碳纤维在强度和弹性模量方面不断改进,母体树脂以及复合工艺的进一步完善的基础上出现的。一次构造材要求CFRP具有更高的强度和弹性模量,而且要有优良的耐冲击性。满足了这些要求,表明CFRP已达到一个新的里程碑。简单地评介了碳纤维、母体树脂及其复合工艺、CFRP的应用前景。

生物碱类药物的液/液界面电化学研究

本文用循环伏安法(CV)和循环线扫电流计时电位法(CLC)研究了生物碱类药物盐酸麻黄碱及d-氯化筒箭毒碱在水/硝基苯界面的转移行为,论证了界面转移机制,估算了与界面行为有关的参数。

胆碱类药物的液液界面电化学研究

用循环线性电流扫描计时电位法(CLC)、循环伏安法(CV)和微分脉冲伏安法(DPV)研究了五种胆碱类药物在水/硝基苯界面(W/NB)上的转移行为.在水相溶液呈碱性时,观察到了伴有不可逆水解反应的相转移过程.讨论了药物结构中的取代基效应,并依据离子转移的标准 Gibbs 能△_o~wG_(tr)~o 度量了取代基的疏水性效应及药物的脂溶性.

ELECTROCHEMICAL TRANSFER OF 12-SILICOTUNGSTATE ANION ACROSS THE WATER NITROBENZENE INTERFACE

It has been firstly found by means of cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronopotentiometry with linear current-scanning (CLC)that 12-silicotungstate anion (SiW_(12)O_(40)~(4-)) with high charge numbers, large molecular volume and symmetric structure can cross

季铵酚离子在水/硝基苯界面的转移

油/水界面上的电化学研究是近年来电化学研究中的一个新领域,对膜电化学的发展具有重要意义。目前研究油/水界面电化学中普遍使用循环伏安(CV)法和循环线扫电流计时电位(CLC)法。有关抗生素在油/水界面的转移已有报导,本文用CLC法和CV法对肌肉松弛剂季铵酚离子在水/硝基苯界面的转移行为进行了研究。 所用三碘季铵酚为中国科学院生物化学研究所生产的化学试剂,其他试剂及仪器均与前文相同

12-硅钨酸根离子在水/硝基苯界面的电化学转移

用循环伏安(CV)法和线性循环扫描电流计时电位(CLC)法首次研究发现带有高价电荷、体积大和高对称性的12-硅钨酸根离子(SiW_(12)O_(40)~(4-))可以在水/硝基苯界面进行电化学转移。SiW_(12)O_(40)~(4-)离子的CV曲线的特征

普鲁卡因在水/硝基苯界面的转移

本文用循环线扫电流计时电位(CLC)法及循环伏安(CV)法研究了局部麻醉药普鲁卡因在水/硝基苯界面的转移行为,同时根据转移电位和电流表达式计算出质子化普鲁卡因的标准转移电位,⊿_O~Wφ·转移自由能⊿G_(tr)~(OiW·O)和两相的分配系数及扩散系数。