水稻花发育相关基因RA68和OsUBP1的分离与功能分析

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　第一部分 利用减法杂交和RACEs从水稻中克隆了一个编码含有脯氨酸和苏氨酸丰富结构域多肽的cDNA,其相应的基因被命名为RA68。RA68由3个外显子和2个内含子组成，编码的蛋白由219个氨基酸残基组成。该蛋白由一个21个氨基酸残基组成的信号肽，一个亲水性的N－端结构域和一个疏水性的C－端结构域组成。 N端结构域是一段嵌合PTPTSYG motif的富含脯氨酸和苏氨酸的序列。 Southern杂交和序列分析结果表明RA68在水稻基因组中以单拷贝存在，定位于第2号染色体。Northern杂交结果表明RA68在幼芽和花中表达量较高，在根和叶中不表达。原位杂交分析结果表明：在幼苗期RA68 主要在幼芽胚芽鞘的内外层细胞和幼叶原基的表层细胞中表达;转入生殖生长期后，在花序分生组织、枝梗原基顶端、花器官原基、大孢子囊和花粉粒中表达。用GFP作报告基因，用洋葱表皮细胞进行的瞬间表达测试结果显示RA68蛋白定位于细胞核中。转反义RA68水稻植株抽穗期比对照野生型延迟30天左右。这些结果表明RA68可能是水稻花分生组织特征基因，在成花转变过程中起作用。 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　第二部分 通过RACE和RT-PCR方法分离了水稻OsUBP1基因，其推测编码蛋白含有UBP结构域（Cys Box和His Box）和TopⅥA结构域。RT-PCR分析结果表明OsUBP1在转录过程中通过可变剪接产生多个不同的转录本，这些转录本在叶、根、颖花和幼芽中存在着时空调节表达模式，每种组织中的转录本是不一样的。这些转录本内含子剪切位点除了经典的GT-AG外，还有GC-AG、CT-AC、TT-GA、GT-GA和CT-GA。由于发生了GC-AG的可变剪切产生了OsUBP1的重要功能结构域Cys Box。水稻OsUBP1基因和OsSPO11-1基因位于11号染色体的同一基因座位上。原位杂交分析表明，在花中OsUBP1 mRNA 主要在药壁绒毡层、花粉粒、大孢子囊和颖花底部维管束中表达。转反义OsUBP1植株大多不能正常结实，这说明OsUBP1可能参与水稻的育性调节。 关键词

抗氧化剂对大豆下胚轴GUS基因瞬时表达率的影响

大豆是我国最重要的油料作物之一，在我国的农业乃至幽民经济中占有重要地位。但是，由于我国人豆品质较差、产量较低，严重地影响着我国的大豆牛产及其在国际市场上的竞争力。农杆菌介导的转基因方法是大豆改良的最简便和最经济的方法之一，然而大豆基因转化效率低一直是大豆基因工程的主要限制因素。本研究以含有GUS报告基因和NPT II筛选基因的农杆菌1301侵染大豆子叶节和下胚轴，并用组织化学定位法测定GUS基因在叶节和下胚轴上瞬时表达，研究了抗氧化剂对提高大豆基因转化效率的影响，为建立大豆高效基因转化体系奠定基础。 以子叶节为外植体，用农杆菌侵染和共培养后进行GUS染色，观察其瞬时表达情况。在培养基中不含抗氧化剂的情况下，子叶节上未发现染色点，仅在下胚轴侧面有极少染色点。而在培养基巾含有抗氧化剂的情况下，外植体上产生了人量GUS染色点，其中大部分位于下胚轴处，子叶节部位几乎很少被染色。这说明下胚轴比f叶节更容易接受外源基因。本论文分别以子叶节和下胚轴为外植体进行研究。 以子叶节为外植体，在抗氧化剂作用下用农杆菌侵染，诱导丛生芽，在含有潮霉素的筛选培养基上培养，以筛选抗性苗。实验只得到一株抗性幼苗。 为了进一步研究抗氧化剂对GUS暴凶在下胚轴中瞬时表达的影响，我们特别以下胚轴为外植体，测定了多种条件下的瞬时表达率情况。 我们研究了共培养时间对大豆下胚轴基因瞬时表达率的影响，通过确定合适的共培养时间以获得最佳转化率。在共培养2天后，GUS基因的表达率是8%，但是在3天后，GUS基因瞬时表达率大幅度上升，达到23.4%。随后两天GUS基因瞬时表达率没有太大变化，因此，大豆下胚轴的GUS基因瞬时表达的最适共培养时间为3天。 农杆菌再悬浮液稀释浓度对大豆下胚轴GUS基因瞬时表达也有较大影响：再悬浮培养基与农杆菌菌液等体积时，GUS基因瞬时表达率最高，随稀释浓度提高，转化效率降低。这说明随农杆菌菌液浓度提高，侵染几率增加，从而提高了GUS基因的瞬时表达率。 很多研究表明大豆基因转化存在很大的品种问差异，我们选择了四种基因型差异较大的品种在上述最佳条件下分别测定了GUS基因瞬时表达率，但没有发现品种之间存在显著差异，说明抗氧化剂在大豆下胚轴基因转化中具有品种普遍适用性。 上述研究结果表明抗氧化剂能够大大促进GUS基因在下胚轴的瞬时表达，这对于今后开展大豆基因组研究和品质改良工作具有一定意义。

统计不相关最佳鉴别矢量集的本质研究

对统计不相关最佳鉴别矢量集的本质进行研究 ,在基于总体散布矩阵特征分解的基础上 ,构造了一种白化变换 ,使得变换后的样本空间中的总体散布矩阵为单位矩阵 ,这样使得传统的最佳鉴别矢量集算法得到的均是具有统计不相关的最佳鉴别矢量集 ,从而揭示了统计不相关最佳鉴别变换的本质———白化变换加普通的线性鉴别变换。该方法的最大优点在于所获得的最优鉴别矢量同时具有正交性和统计不相关性。该方法对代数特征抽取具有普遍适用性。用ORL人脸数据库的数值实验 ,验证了该方法的有效性

面孔身份与面部表情识别中的区分度效应

Whether facial identity and facial expression was processed independently has long been a controversy. Studies at levels of experimental, neuropsychological, functional imaging and cell-recording all failed to consistently support either independent or interdependent processing. Present study proposed that familiarity and discriminability of facial identity and expression was important variable in mediating the relation between facial identity and facial expression recognition. Effects of familiarity on recognition of facial identity and expression had been examined (e.g. Ganel & Goshen-Gottstein, 2004) but the role of the discriminability in recognition of facial identity and expression has not yet been carefully examined. To examine the role of discriminability of facial identity and expression, 8 experiments were conducted with Garner’s speeded classification task in recognition of identity and expression of unfamiliar faces. The discriminability of facial identity and expression was manipulated, and the measurements of Garner interference and facilitation indicated that: 1. The discriminability of facial identity and expression mediate the relation between facial identity and expression recognition. Four possible discriminability combinations between identity and expression predicted 4 interference patterns between them. Low discriminability accounted for the interference either in facial identity judgment or in facial expression judgment task. 2. The measurements of eye movements indicated that either in facial identity or in facial expression recognition low discriminability led to a narrowly-distributed eye fixation pattern while high discriminability led to a widely-distributed eye fixation pattern. 3. By combining the morphing technique with the Garner paradigm, study 2 successfully demonstrated the linar relation between discriminability and Garner facilitation effects, confirmed the discriminability effects in the measurements of Garner facilitation effects.. 4. By providing the varying information of facial expression, study 2 revealed that varying information improved the discriminability of facial expression, and then enhanced the recognition of facial expression. All the results indicated that the discriminability of facial identity and expression could mediate the independent or interdependent processing between them, and the discriminability effects on recognition of identity and expression of unfamiliar faces was identified. The results from interference effects and facilitation effects both indicated that the dimensional relation between facial identity and expression was separable but not asymmetric claimed by previous studies（Schweinberger et al, 1998, 1999）. Absolutedly independent or interdependent processing between facial identity and expression recognition were both impossible, discriminability of identity and expression mediated the relation between them. The discriminability effects revealed in present study could explain the conflicts between existing findings well.

通过对心理学期刊的几项统计分析看我国十年来儿童发展教育心理学研究状况与动向

In this study, bibliometric method was usded in the investigation of 2274 papers concerning child developmental and educational psychology, which were published during the ten years of 1979-1988, in 14 psychological journals and 97 other scientific journals. According to the quantitative and qualitative analyses, the results are as follows: 1979-1988 saw the rapid development and prosperous period in China's child developmental and educational psychology, During which more papers were published and more fields couched than in the psvious thirty years. The number of literature publications increased and went to the peak in 1983 and 1984, and came down since 1985. The trend was found to result from the decrease in popular science introductions of psychology, which reflected that a heat of psychology had appeared in 1983 and started to cool in 1985. At the mean time, the number of research reports had been holding a steady increase by 1987 and decreased obviously in 1988, especially in the fields of cognitive and social development. There could be several possible explanations of this phenonemon: Piagetian studies are becoming fewer and the eakening of Piaget's influence might predict a period of standstill in the field of developmental psychology in China; As researches become more and more difficult, researchers have turned to be more cautious in lay out their reports; the cutdown of fees and staff could also be one of reasons for less publication in 1988. As the factors mentioned above still exist and their influences last, the number of papers are not expected to increase in the near future. The field of thinking and menory is closely connected with that of artificial intelligence. The downhill situations in these two fileds should be taken seriously. 2. The types of research work are divided on the bases of their problem raising. The trends show that the deepening studies, which represent a comaratively higher level of exploration, are waving fewer, while repeated studies and creative studies are becoming more as the years go along. This fact is worth being further analysed. Big progress could be seen from research methods. The methods currently used are mainly experiment, psychological measurement and assessment, and theoretical reasoning. There is a rapid increase of research by using scales. Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Binet Scale and Baley Scale have been revised andstandardized. Chinese researchers have also developed several good scales of their own, some of which are valuable and need to be standardized. In the papers investigated, the amount of citation is significantly lower than the world average level as well as the average citation number of whole China's scientific literature. Among the papers cited, most are of Chinese and English languages, and only a small rate were published in resently five years. The renewal of literature cited seems to stay at a low level in the ten years. Tremendous work could be reflected by the number of subjects used the research work in those ten years: 362665. A lot of studies piled on the period of 4-16 year olds. Compared with the previous thirty years, the age range was much enlarged and there were quite a few studies about preschool, school and adolescent periods. The study of newborn of 0-3 has been a weak point so far and it is a field to which chinese developmental psychologists should pay more attention. The progress in using statistics is one of the most obvious part in the development in the research work of child developmental and educational psychology. The one tendency that should be awared and avoid is to put the cart before the horse: seeking for more sophisticated statistic method while neglecting the meanings of research problems. 3. Citation analysis was used in selecting scholars who had great influence in the field of child developmental and educational psychology. Among the often cited and famous scholars, 31 are Chinese researchers and 12 are Western psychologists. The authoritative journal for child developmental psychology and educational psychology is Acta Psychologica Sinica.

管理心理学专家系统开发工具（ESBT－MP）研制原理与方法的探索

The principle and methods to develop the expert system building tool for managerial psychology are explored and the prototype of "ESBT-MP" (The Expert System Building Tool for Managerial Psychology) in this research is made.