2 resultados para ISRAEL - RELACIONES EXTERIORES - IRAN - 1997-2007
em Chinese Academy of Sciences Institutional Repositories Grid Portal
Resumo:
据Dickinson,E.C.,主编,2003年出版的“m Howard and Moore Gomplete Q蛐ofthe Birds of the World'’一书和2000。2008年的有关文献的记载,在1958~2008年的50年期间,全世界所描述发表鸟类的新种,计 有171种。以每10年中所发表的新种数进行统计比较,以1997~2007年期间所发表的新种为最多;按发现新种所属 目级分类阶元的统计比较,以雀形目发现的新种为最多;按地区进行统计比较,以南美洲发现的新种数为最多,非洲中南部地区和太平洋诸岛为次;在中国境内描记的新种有台湾短翅莺西哟脚嬲旋渤删、峨嵋柳莺场皿瞰灿mzden面、海南柳莺崩砌蚴‰肠砌船、峨嵋鹪莺岛匆船硎豳面、淡尾鹅莺崩锄船..toror、弄岗穗鹛&叻帕御赠删、 四川旋木雀眺砌婶删等7种,其中由中国鸟类学者描记的有四川旋木雀和弄岗穗鹛两种。这说明鸟类的宏 观分类研究,时至今日仍有研究的必要和发展空间。种下分类,是探讨同一个物种,随着分布区域的扩大,自然地 理环境条件的变化,而产生地区性分布种群的变异,以致新物种形成的途径,是宏观分类学研究一个物种的演化发 展。所以是当今鸟类分类研究的热点之一。据统计,1958—2008年的50年间,新描述发表的亚种数,约为1 129亚 种。繁殖区域分布较为广泛的种类,所描记的亚种较多。如岛鸫Turd.sp,hbcephaha分化有5l亚种之多。中国鸟类的 分类与区系地理学研究,大致可分为起步时期(1949年以前)、新中国建立之后的考察及宏观分类研究的总结整理 时期(1950—2005)和宏观与微观相结合的发展研究时期(1999年以后)等3个时期。郑作新所出版的《中国鸟类 分布名录》和《中国鸟类区系纲要》等专著,是中国鸟类宏观分类和区系地理学研究较为翔实的阶段性总结,为进 一步研究奠定了坚实的基础。
Resumo:
毛壳霉属(Chaetomium)和曲霉属(Aspergillus)真菌产生多种具有生物活性的化合物。为系统阐明两属微生物的次生代谢物,对三种毛壳霉、两种曲霉真菌分别进行固态发酵,以色谱和波谱技术研究发酵物中的成分,分离鉴定了51个化合物,其中23个为新化合物,测试了部分化合物对肿瘤细胞的活性。 1、从螺卷毛壳霉(C. cochloides)固态发酵物中分离鉴定了11个化合物,3个新化合物为螺卷毛壳霉素A~C(1~3)。化合物1、3及dethio-tetra (methylthio) chetomin(4)对Bre-04、Lu-04和N-04细胞株生长抑制的GI50值为0.05~7.0 μg/mL。 2、从印度毛壳霉(C. indicum)固态发酵物中鉴定的三个异喹啉生物碱印度毛壳霉素A~C(12~14)代表两类骨架新颖的异喹啉生物碱。 3、从巴西毛壳霉(C. brasiliense)固态发酵物中鉴定了11个化合物,其中Mollicellins I~J(15~16)、2-Hydroxymethyl-6-methylmethyleugenin(19)为新化合物。化合物16和Mollicellin H(18)对Bre-04、Lu-04、N-04细胞株生长抑制的GI50值在2.5~8.6 μg/mL。 4、从土曲霉(A. terreus)固态发酵物中鉴定了18个化合物。5个为新化合物为Terretonin A~D(24~27)和Asterrelenin(28),24~27为二倍半萜化合物,28为吲哚生物碱。 5、从杂色曲霉(A. versicolor)固态发酵物中鉴定了16个化合物。9个新的化合物Brevianamides K~N (40~43)、Averins A~C (44~46)和Glyanphenines A~B (47~48)代表三种类型的生物碱。 6、综述了1997-2007年间新的二倍半萜的研究进展。 The fungi of the genera Chaetomium and Aspergillus produce various secondary metabolites with biological activities. In order to systematically study the secondary metabolites, the solid-state fermented rice culture of three species of Chaetomium and two of Aspergillus were chemically studied. By the means of chromatograhy and spectroscopy, 55 compounds were isolated and identified, among of them 23 were new ones. The biological activities of some compounds were investigated. 1. From the fungus C. cochliodes, three new epipolythiodioxopiperazines, chaetocochins A-C (1-3) were isolated, together with 8 known ones (4-11). Compounds 1, 3 and 4 showed growth inhibitory effects against cancer cell lines Bre-04, Lu-04 and N-04 with GI50 values from 0.05 to 7.0 μg/mL. 2. Three novel isoquinolines Chaetoindicins A-C (12-14) were isolated and identified from the fungus C. indicum. Chaetoindicin A, Chaetoindicins B-C represented two classes of novel carbon skeletons. 3. Three new compounds, Mollicellins I-J (15-16), and 2-hydroxymethyl-6-methylmethyleugenin (19), were isolated from C. brasiliense. Compound 16 and Mollicellin H (18) showed growth inhibitory effects against cancer cell lines Bre-04, Lu-04 and N-04 with GI50 values from 2.5 to 8.6 μg/mL. 4. Eighteen compounds were isolated from the fungus A. terreus. Terretonin A-D(24 - 27)and Asterrelenin(28) are new compounds belonging to sesterterpoids and indole-ralated alkaloid, respectively. 5. From the fungus A. versicolor, sixteen secondary metabolites, including nine new ones, Brevianamides K-N (40-43), Averins A-C (44-46), and Glyanphenines A-B (47-48), were isolated and identified. Brevianamides K-N (40-43), Averins A-C (44-46), and Glyanphenines A-B (47-48) represented three classes of alkaloids. 6. New sesterterpenes and their bioactivities reported from 1997 to 2007 were summarized.