陆地棉抗虫基因工程研究

以陆地棉（Gossypium hirsutum L.）栽培品种新陆早4号、系550、冀资492、衡无89-30、邯93-2、冀资123等为材料，进行了组织培养及植株再生研究，建立了一套陆地棉体细胞植株再生速成体系。通过调整激素种类与比例以及改善培养条件，降低了畸形胚发生频率（从80%降为41%），并可将畸形苗转化为正常苗（转化率约为78%）;通过水培和嫁接，结合试管扦插、扩繁技术，解决了棉花生根及移栽难题，为农杆菌介导法转化棉花奠定了基础。 用绿色荧光蛋白基因（gfp）作为报告基因，构建了pBGb1m（含Bt和gfp二价基因）、pBGbf（含Bt-gfp融合基因）和pBGbfg（含Bt-gfp融合基因和gna基因）等三种植物表达载体。通过农杆菌介导法转化烟草，转基因再生植株经过荧光、虫试、PCR、Southern blot和Western blot等检测，表明三种植物表达载体能够在转基因植物中有效表达，同时，绿色荧光蛋白（GFP）的检测表现出了简便、经济、快速、可靠等优点，为大量棉花转基因苗的检测提供了一种有效方法。 采用花粉管通道法将携带细胞间隙定位信号肽的Bt基因的pBin438-S1m质粒导入棉花品种冀资492，经过田间卡那霉素筛选、虫试、PCR、PCR-Southern blot和Southern blot检测，证明Bt基因已整合至棉花基因组中，而且可能是以单拷贝形式插入。 同时，通过农杆菌介导法将三种植物表达载体（pBGb1m、pBGbf和pBGbfg）转化陆地棉栽培品种新陆早4号、冀资492、衡无89-30和邯93-2等材料，获得了大量转化再生棉株。经过PCR和PCR-Southern blot检测，转基因阳性植株为转为再生植株总数的89.45%。目前，虫试、Southern blot及Western blot正在进行之中。

Threat and management strategies of potentially invasive insects in China

The Global Invasive Species Database, GISD, comprises 27 species of the most significant invasive alien insects in the world (through November, 2005), 6 of which are originally native to China, 11 are established in China, and 10 have a potential invasion

Dominant chloramphenicol-resistant bacteria and resistance genes in coastal marine waters of Jiaozhou Bay, China

Studies of abundance, diversity and distribution of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and their resistance determinants are necessary for effective prevention and control of antibiotic resistance and its dissemination, critically important for public health and environment management. In order to gain an understanding of the persistence of resistance in the absence of a specific antibiotic selective pressure, microbiological surveys were carried out to investigate chloramphenicol-resistant bacteria and the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase resistance genes in Jiaozhou Bay after chloramphenicol was banned since 1999 in China. About 0.15-6.70% cultivable bacteria were chloramphenicol resistant, and the highest abundances occurred mainly in the areas near river mouths or sewage processing plants. For the dominant resistant isolates, 14 genera and 25 species were identified, mostly being indigenous estuarine or marine bacteria. Antibiotic-resistant potential human or marine animal pathogens, such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis and Shewanella algae, were also identified. For the molecular resistance determinants, the cat I and cat III genes could be detected in some of the resistant strains, and they might have the same origins as those from clinical strains as determined via gene sequence analysis. Further investigation about the biological, environmental and anthropogenic mechanisms and their interactions that may contribute to the persistence of antibiotic-resistance in coastal marine waters in the absence of specific antibiotic selective pressure is necessary for tackling this complicated environmental issue.