Transport of anti-sperm monoclonal IGA and IGC into murine male and female genital tracts from blood - Effect of sex hormones

Ab levels in the genital tract may be important in fertility and in preventing sexually transmitted diseases, In this study, I-125-labeled polymer or monomer mAb IgA (C4pIgA or C4mIgA) and IgC2b (C4IgC) to murine lactate dehydrogenase C4 and a polymer mAb IgA (npIgA) not cross-reacting with mouse sperm were intravenously injected into BALB/c mice, and the relative distribution of these Abs was determined. Polymer IgA was transported much more efficiently into the genital tract, trachea, and duodenum of both sexes than C4IgG and C4 mIgA (p < 0.01), The transport of polymer IgA (C4pIgA and npIgA) into the male genital tract greatly increased following orchiectomy (p < 0.01); this change was not affected by testosterone, suggesting that the unknown regulatory factor(s) from the testis may suppress polymer IgA transport, However, the transport of polymer IgA into female genital tissues was significantly decreased by ovariectomy (p < 0.01); this decline can be rectified by P-estradiol but not progesterone treatment, suggesting that estradiol may stimulate polymer IgA transport, Furthermore, the transport of C4IgG into tissues of the Fallopian tubes and the uterus was significantly decreased by treatment with progesterone (p < 0.01). Together, these findings indicate that serum polymer IgA can be transported selectively into the genital tracts of both sexes, that this transport is strongly under the control of gonads, and that transport of Ige into the Fallopian tubes and uterus is downregulated by progesterone.

反气相色谱研究氯化聚乙烯共混物的相容性

对聚合物共混体系相容性的表征已有许多方法，但用反气相色谱（IGC）来测定相容共混物的相分离，进而表征共混物的相容性是一种新的尝试。本工作首先肯定了IGC是测定高聚物各种转变和其它结构变化的可靠方法，并对它的制样方法，实验技术以及实验结果的表示做了适当的改进。对本工作的主要研究对象，粉末固相氯化的氯化聚乙烯（CPE）的核磁共振，红外光谱和裂解色谱的分析结果表明，氯含量不超过50%的粉末CPE的链结构是由CH_2和CHCl单元所构成，在氯含量750%的样品中才含有极少量的CCl_2单元，故样品的均匀较好，适合于本工作之用。通过共混样与其组份和组份的物理掺合物试样保留特性的比较，并结合IGC的原理和DSC的研究结果的分析，阐明了聚合物共混体系试样所特有的两个转析点是由体系的相分离所引起的。在实验过程中发现了粉末混试样的保留峰形和峰高随时间或温度发生异常的变化，认为都与试样的内部结构变化和相分离的机理有关。研究了三个不同氯含量的CPE之间的共混体系的相分离过程。得到了它们的相图。等温相分离的分离的研究表明相分离过程可分成三个阶段，称之为“诱导期”，“加速期”和“渐稳期”，对CPE/PMMA的研究，进一步肯定了IGC作为测定相分离点方法的可靠性，还发现IGC能检测到结晶/非晶共混物体系结晶熔融后进一步与无定形相的混合过程。此外，对IGC测定相分离和相混合的本质进行了探讨。

聚合物共混体系的相容性研究

研究聚合物共混体系的相容性有很多方法。本文除采用DSC和DMA等常用的方法外，还尝试性地采用仅气相色谱（IGC）来探讨共混高聚物的等温相分离和高聚物间的相互作用的强度，进而说明高聚物间的相容性。肯定了IGC是测定高聚物的各种转变温度及相互作用参数的可靠方法。本工作研究了聚偏氟乙烯（PVF_2）和甲基丙烯酸甲酯-苯乙烯共聚物[P(MMA-co-st)]共混体系的相容性和结晶性能；粉末固相氯化的氯化聚乙烯（CPE，Cl含量为62.1wt%）分别与P（MMA-co-st），乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物（EVA，VA含量为40wt%）共混体系的相容性；估算了EVA，CPE及其共混物的溶度参数（82）PVF_2/P(MMA-co-st)共混体系的DSC，DMA等研究结果表明，该共混体系是部分相容体系，其相容程度与组成有关；以组成为50/50的共混物的相容程度最好；又与样品的热历史有关。共混体中PVF_2的结晶能力取决于P（MMA-co-st）的含量。探针分子与纯聚物CPE，EVA和P（MMA-co-st）及共混物CPE/P（MMA-co-st），EVA/CPE的相互作用与探针分子的种类和分子量以及温度有关。用IGC所测得的CPE，P（MMA-co-st）以及EVA，CPE间的相互作用张度与所用探针分子种类，共混组成比和温度相关，并结合DSC、TMA对SPE/P（MMA-co-st），EVA/CPE共混体系的相容性作了定性说明。本工作还用IGC法测定了CPE/P（MMA-co-st）共混体系的转变温度，探讨了部分相容体系以及EVA/CPE的lgVg～10~3/T的线性方程，这对探讨共混体系的等温相分离过程和预言共混体系在所测的温度范围内任一点的比保留体积很有意义。最后，用IGC法估算了EVA，CPE及其共混物的溶度参数肯定了IGC法估测高聚物溶度参数的可靠性，发现共混物的溶度参数相对于其纯聚物组份的平均加和值有负的偏差。

A new method of measuring alcohol clusters in polyimide membrane: combination of inverse gas chromatography with equilibrium swelling

A new method of measuring the mean size of solvent clusters in swollen polymer membrane is presented in this paper. This method is based on a combination of inverse gas chromatography (IGC) and equilibrium swelling. The mechanism is that weight fraction activity coefficient of solvent in swollen polymer is influenced by its clusters size. The mean clusters size of solvent in swollen polymer can be calculated as the quotient of the weight fraction activity coefficient of clustering system dividing the weigh fraction activity coefficient of non-clustering system. In this experiment, the weigh fraction activity coefficient of non-clustering system was measured with IGC. Methanol, ethanol and polyimide systems were tested with the new method at three temperatures, 20, 40, and 60degreesC. The mean clusters size of methanol in polyimide was five, four, and three at each temperature condition, respectively. Ethanol did not form clusters (the mean clusters size was one). In contrast to the inherent narrow temperature range in DSC, XRD, and FTIR methods, the temperature range in IGC and equilibrium swelling is broad. Compared with DSC. XRD. and FTIR, this new method can detect the clusters of solvent-polymer system at higher temperature.