Genetic structure of asian populations of Bombus ignitus (Hymenoptera : Apidae)

The genetic structure of seven mainland and island Asian populations of Bombus ignitus was investigated using nine microsatellite markers and the sequences of part of the mitochondrial cytochrome b (cytb) gene. While microsatellite markers showed high gen

Mass rearing of Aphidius gifuensis (Hymenoptera : Aphidiidae) for biological control of Myzus persicae (Homoptera : Aphididae)

The green peach aphid, Myzus persicae, is a major pest of tobacco, Nicotiana tabacum, in Yunnan province, China, where its control still depends on the use of insecticides. In recent years, the local government and farmers have sought to improve the biological control of this tobacco pest. In this paper, we present methods for mass rearing Aphidius gifuensis, a dominant endoparasitoid of M. persicae on tobacco plants in this region. The tobacco cultivar K326 (N. tabacum) was used as the host plant and M. persicae as the host insect. In the greenhouse, we collected tobacco seedlings for about 35 days (i.e., until the six-true-leaf stage), transferred them to 7.5-cm diameter pots, and kept these plants in the greenhouse for another 18 days. These pots were then transferred to an insectary-greenhouse, where the tobacco seedlings were inoculated with five to seven wingless adult M. persicae per pot. After 3 days, the infested seedlings were moved to a second greenhouse to allow the aphid population to increase, and after an additional 4 +/- 1 days when 182 +/- 4.25 aphid adults and nymphs were produced per pot, they were inoculated with A. gifuensis. With this rearing system, we were able to produce 256 +/- 8.8 aphid mummies per pot, with an emergence rate of 95.6 +/- 2.45%; 69% were females. The daily cost of parasite production (recurring costs only) was US$ 0.06 per 1000 aphid mummies. With this technique, we released 109 800 parasitoids in 1998, 196 000 in 1999, 780 000 in 2000, and 5 600 000 in 2001 during a 2-month period each year This production method is discussed with respect to countrywide usage in biological control and integrated control of M. persicae.

Development and use of parasitoids (Hymenoptera : Aphidiidae & Aphelinidae) for biological control of aphids in China

A review of aphid parasitoids in China with special emphasis on their production, utilization, and conservation is presented with a brief history of Chinese biological control. Twenty genera, 99 species of Aphidiidae and two genera, 11 species of Aphelinidae were recorded in China. Each parasitoid is listed with a brief description of aphids, host plants, areas of study such as taxonomy, biology, bionomics, geographic distribution, rearing, and literature citations. Achievements, status, and problems in aphid parasitoid production, utilization, conservation, and future prospects are detailed for dominant aphid parasitoids such as Aphidius gifuensis Ashmead, A. ervi Haliday and Aphelinus mali Haldeman. Finally, opportunities and challenges of commercialization commercialization of natural enemies, especially aphid parasitoids, in China, are analyzed and discussed.

云南贡山黄胡蜂属一新种

报道云南贡山黄胡蜂属Vespula 1 新种， 即贡山黄胡蜂Vespula gongshanensis, sp. nov.。模式标本保存在中国科学院昆明动物研究所。

胡蜂属Vespa linnaeus的系统发育研究

报道胡蜂属Vespa Linnaeus的系统发育研究结果。运用PAUP(SWOFFORD,1993)软件程序对胡蜂属系统发育关系进行研究,结果将胡蜂属分为2个大的类群,即树巢胡蜂类群(Wood-nesting groups),地巢胡蜂类群(earth-nesting groups),各分为4个亚群。文中还给出了胡蜂属18种的系统发育和包括1个新种的形态描述。

蚂蚁食品简介

蚂蚁在动物界中属于节肢动物门 (Arthropod), 昆虫纲 (Insecta), 膜翅目 (hymenoptera) , 蚁科 (Formicidae). 我国民间常作食疗用的蚂蚁主要是蚁亚科 (Formicinae) 多刺蚁属 (Polyrhachis) 中的拟黑多刺蚁或称鼎突多刺蚁 (Polyrhachis vicina Roger). 这类蚂蚁分布于华南, 西南及长江中下游地区, 并以热带. 亚热带地区的密度最高. 它们是一类群居, 树上筑巢, 多品级的社会性昆虫。

下辽河平原不同土地利用方式下土壤微节肢动物群落结构研究

20 0 0年 10月～ 2 0 0 1年 10月对下辽河平原地区撂荒、林地、旱田、水田 4种不同土地利用方式的土壤微节肢动物进行了调查 .应用个体数密度、类群丰富度、多样性指数和均匀度 4个群落参数 ,研究了土壤微节肢动物的群落结构和季节变化 .结果表明 ,撂荒中土壤微节肢动物的 4个群落参数均为最高 ,旱田均为最低 ,季节变化影响土壤微节肢动物的群落结构 ,但土地利用方式不影响群落结构的季节变化型 .下辽河平原地区不同土地利用方式共鉴定出土壤微节肢动物 12个类群 ,撂荒、林地、旱田中弹尾目 (Collem bola)和蜱螨目 (Acarina)为优势类群 ,双翅目 (Diptera)、鞘翅目 (Coleoptera)和膜翅目 (Hymenoptera)为常见类群 ,水田中弹尾目、蜱螨目和双翅目为优势类群 ,鞘翅目为常见类群 .各土地利用方式、各季节均在表层土壤出现的类群最多、密度最高 ,中层次之 ,底层最少