缺陷连续统理论及其在本构方程研究中的应用 Ⅱ.缺陷的规范场理论

详细评述了缺陷连续统的规范场理论,该理论是近代材料科学和固体力学中新发展起来颇有意义的一个分支。首先强调了Noether定理及其逆定理在构造缺陷规范场理论中的重要性。同时基于Yang-Mills普适规范场构造,包括对SO(3)T(3)群的最小替换和最小耦合原理,系统地介绍了Golebiewska-Lasota,Edelen,Kadic和Edelen等人的原始性工作及他们的贡献。本文表明,Kadic和Edelen的理论是基于一组缺陷动力学的线性连续性方程发展起来的,不能和关于缺陷场的现有几何理论完全协调起来。考虑到这一点,本文提供了另一种方法来建立非线性弹性规范场的相应理论,这里考虑了Poincaré规范群SO(3)T(3).采用类似于研究引力场理论的Kibble方法,导出了缺陷连续统的拉氏密度。非完整坐标变换和非欧联络系数在数学上完全等价于子Poincaré群SO(3)T(3)的规范场。因此,本文的规范场理论和4维物质流形的缺陷场的非线性几何理论是完全一致的,并证明在弱缺陷条件下,可以简化到Kadic和Edelen的结果。

Food habits of two-year-old Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) stocked in Lake Bao'an, China

Gastric mills of 362 specimens of two-year-old Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis), which contained recognizable food items, from Lake Bao'an, China were examined. The food items were macrophytes, algae, arthropods, oligochaetes, fish, protozoa, rotifers, gastropods, and detritus, and the percent frequencies of occurrence (FO) for these items were 87.3%, 82.0%, 48.2%, 28.2%, 28.7%, 0.3%, 0.6%, 0.3% and 88.7%, respectively. Unidentified animal tissue was often observed and had a FO of 46.1%. In total, FO of plants (macrophytes + algae) was 87.7% and of animals was 89.8%. However, 5.8% of the gastric mills contained only animals, 5.3% had only macrophytes, and 0.3% contained only algae. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) in food habits between male and female crabs. The ratio of cell number of macrophytes to algae was about 156:1.

Food habits and feeding rhythm of the early juvenile Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) in experimental tanks

Gastric mills were examined from 98 early juvenile Chinese mitten crabs (Eriocheir sinensis) from experimental tanks. Recognizable food items were macrophytes, algae, oligochaetes, and detritus; their percent frequencies of occurrence were 94.6%, 86.5%, 10.7%, and 18.3%, respectively. The crabs had a diet feeding rhythm.

Decomposition of Noncommutative U(1) Gauge Potential

We investigate the decomposition of noncommutative gauge potential (A) over cap (i), and find that it has inner structure, namely, (A) over cap (i) can he decomposed in two parts, (b) over cap (i) and (a) over cap (i), where (b) over cap (i) satisfies gauge transformations while (a) over cap (i) satisfies adjoint transformations, so close the Seiberg-Witten mapping of noncommutative, U(1) gauge potential. By, means of Seiberg-Witten mapping, we construct a mapping of unit vector field between noncommutative space and ordinary space, and find the noncommutative U(1) gauge potential and its gauge field tensor can be expressed in terms of the unit vector field. When the unit vector field has no singularity point, noncommutative gauge potential and gauge field tensor will equal ordinary gauge potential and gauge field tensor

Topological solitons in the CPN model

We investigate the solitons in the CPN supercript stop model in terms of the decomposition of gauge potential. Based on the phi-mapping topological current theory, the charge and position of solitons is determined by the properties of the typical component. Furthermore, the motion and the bifurcation of multi-soliton is discussed. And the knotted solitons in high dimension is explored also.

企业效率表现和中国环境政策-以造纸企业为例

Understanding relationship between environmental protection and economic development is crucial to form practical environmental policy. At micro level, implementation of environmental regulations often causes production mills adjustment of technology which might leads to change of productive efficiency and cost, which, in turn, determine effort level of mills and even local government in pollution control. Using a stochastic frontier production model and a set of survey data on 126 paper mills from six provinces of China, we measure the technical efficiency changes and analyze the determinants of efficiency. in particular, we examine impact of environmental policy on paper mills' efficiency, using an indicator of environmental policy-the levy ratio of COD. We also estimate a simultaneous-equation model in which the levy rate and emission are jointly determined. The results indicate that there have been efficiency improvements during 1999-2003, when enforcement of environmental regulations have been tightened. The impacts, nevertheless, are different for different types of mills. We also find the levy ratio, which is influenced by both the local social and economic conditions and the characters of paper mills, such as scale, has strong impact on the abatement of the pollutant-COD. Additionally, paper mills' technical efficiency has positive effect on the reduction of the emission intensity of the pollutant-COD. These results lead a set of implications pertinent to policy improvement.