黄土高原丘陵沟壑区草地植物群落健康动态评价

植被恢复重建是遏制水土流失的有效措施之一,研究植被恢复重建过程、评价植物群落健康状况对加速植被建设具有重要的实践意义。本文根据黄土丘陵沟壑区的特点,建立了植物群落健康评价指标体系,对草地植被恢复重建过程中的不同阶段的植物群落的健康状况进行了评价。结果表明:植被群落活力变化过程呈抛物线型;群落组织力基本呈波动性变化;恢复力的变化则与活力变化过程相反,在群落活力达到最高水平时,群落的恢复力降至最低;土壤健康呈波动性上升的变化趋势。综合评价表明,植物群落健康水平随着演替过程的发展呈波动性且逐渐上升的变化过程。

额济纳天然绿洲景观格局、动态、演化机制及其健康评价

额济纳天然绿洲位于我国西北干旱内流区黑河流域下游，近年来，随着黑河中、上游地区下泄地表径流量的减少，额济纳天然绿洲面临的生态环境问题日益突出。本文以额济纳天然绿洲景观为研究对象，以景观生态学及生态系统健康学原理为基础，综合运用35技术，基于研究区1987年、1994年和2001年的景观格局、动态变化特征及其演化机制的研究，发展并构建了额济纳天然绿洲景观健康评价指标体系及评价标准，对研究区景观健康问题进行了深入探讨与评价，从而为保护地区景观健康、维持区域生态安全提供科学依据。主要研究结果：①研究区景观属于典型的"基质一廊道一斑块"景观结构特征，景观破碎化程度较高，具有较低的景观多样性和较为粗糙的景观质地特征。②近巧年来研究区水域面积急剧萎缩、绿洲面积明显缩减、荒漠化程度较为严重；景观斑块形状复杂性及景观异质性程度下降，景观质地变得越发粗糙，景观多样性及景观稳定性降低。③上游入境水量的锐减是研究区景观发生退化的根本原因，绿洲人类活动强度的增加、绿洲关键区域的超载和过牧及蒸发度的升高、湿润系数的下降均加剧了研究区景观退化的程度。④基于35项景观变化、生物物理、生态环境及社会经济指标构建了研究区景观健康评价指标体系，运用模糊综合评判方法得出研究区景观健康指数LHI为0.1972，位于健康评价级别中"濒危的"级别偏下的位置。说明近十多年来研究区的景观健康状况较早时期相比趋于恶化，其发展态势表现出严重的不可持续性。

基于遥感和GIS的巢湖流域生态系统健康评价

该文以巢湖流域为研究对象,以生态系统健康理论为基础,将流域生态系统的结构和功能结合起来,通过遥感和地理信息系统(GIS)技术获取生态环境变化信息,监测和评价小流域单元的健康状况,分析人类活动对生态系统结构和功能变化的影响,为巢湖流域的生态管理和政策制定提供指导.论文的主要内容包括:1、从生态系统研究的发展入手,对生态系统健康研究的发展、评价指标、度量、研究尺度、评价单元选择进行了概括,提出生态系统健康评价应以结构和功能评价为基础、把人类作为生态系统的一部分,对生态系统进行动态监测.2、以压力-状态-反映指标为概念框架,设计了巢湖流域生态系统健康评价指标体系;3、利用RS和GIS技术获取巢湖流域内各个小流域的生态系统数据,解决了小流域人口和社会经济数据获取难的问题;4、基于GIS技术,对流域生态系统健康评价状况进行定量评价,在此基础上,采用典型相关分析方法,分析了人类社会经济活动变化与生态系统健康状况变化的关系;分析了小流域NDVI多年月变化与生态系统健康状况的关系.

对癌症生存者应对资源的研究

A survey study of cancer survivors was conducted to explore the coping resources, which buffers the life of cancer survivors against stressful situation. Participants reported coping strategies, positive affect and negative affect, personality, perceived social support, fighting spirit and helpless/hopeless as well as quality of life through a set of self-assessment questionnaire. The results indicated that the frequency of coping strategies used by cancer survivors from high to low were: growing, problem solving, seeking support,self-controlling, wishful thinking, and distancing. The correlational analysis indicated that among the six sets of coping strategies, growing was positively correlated most strongly with most of the dimensions in quality of life as well as positive affect. Among the five personality, Neuroticism was positively correlated most strongly with helpless/hopeless and negative affect; and was negatively correlated most strongly with fighting spirit and positive affect. Extraversion was positively correlated most strongly with positive affect and negatively correlated most strongly with helpless/hopeless; Agreeableness was negatively correlated most strongly with negative affect; Conscientiousness was positively correlated most strongly with fighting spirit. Subjects with higher score in quality of life reported higher frequency of coping strategies in growing and problem solving and less in wishful thinking. They also reported higher scores in Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness as well as lower scores in Neuroticism. The regression analysis displayed that not negative affect but positive affect entered the regression model when all the psychological and social variables in the study were accounted for. Taken together, these data suggested that, growing was the most effective coping strategy among the six sets of strategies for cancer survivors to improve quality of life, to maintain positive affect and to enhance fighting spirit. Neuroticism was vulnerable to resist stressors; Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness were stress-resisted factors. Positive affect may has more adaptational significance than negative affect during chronic stress. These data also implicated that positive affect should be paid more attention to in coping research.

Body loadings and health risk assessment of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans at an intensive electronic waste recycling site in China

This study is one of the very few investigating the dioxin body burden of a group of child-bearing-aged women at an electronic waste (e-waste) recycling site (Taizhou, Zhejiang Province) (24 +/- 2.83 years of age, 40% were primiparae) and a reference site (Lin'an city, Zhejiang Province, about 245 km away from Taizhou) (24 +/- 2.35 years of age, 100% were primiparae) in China. Five sets of samples (each set consisted of human milk, placenta, and hair) were collected from each site. Body burdens of people from the e-waste processing site (human milk, 21.02 +/- 13.81 pg WHO-TEQ(1998/g) fat (World Health Organization toxic equivalency 1998); placenta, 31.15 +/- 15.67 pg WHO-TEQ(1998/g) fat; hair, 33.82 +/- 17.74 pg WHO-TEQ(1998/g) dry wt) showed significantly higher levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurnas (PCDD/Fs) than those from the reference site (human milk, 9.35 +/- 7.39 pg WHO-TEQ(1998/g) fat, placenta, 11.91 +/- 7.05 pg WHO-TEQ(1998/g) fat; hair, 5.59 +/- 4.36 pg WHO-TEQ(1998/g) dry wt) and were comparatively higher than other studies. The difference between the two sites was due to e-waste recycling operations, for example, open burning, which led to high background levels. Moreover, mothers from the e-waste recycling site consumed more foods of animal origin. The estimated daily intake of PCDD/Fs within 6 months by breast-fed infants from the e-waste processing site was 2 times higher than that from the reference site. Both values exceeded the WHO tolerable daily intake for adults by at least 25 and 11 times, respectively. Our results implicated that e-waste recycling operations cause prominent PCDD/F levels in the environment and in humans. The elevated body burden may have health implications for the next generation.