层状Li(Ni1-xCox)O2中Li离子首次脱出和嵌入行为研究

共沉淀法合成的层状Li(Ni1-xCox)O2,其中x=0.1,0.2,0.3和1,采用XRD和电化学方法对合成的层状Li(Ni1-xCox)O2进行了研究.研究表明在镍酸锂中随着Co含量的增加,Co的增加改变了镍离子与周围氧离子和锂离子的相互作用,阻止了锂离子择优位离开镍酸锂晶体,因此,在镍酸锂中增加一定Co可以阻止镍酸锂由H1向M相转变.同理,在钴酸锂中增加一定Ni可以阻止钴酸锂由H1向H2相和H2相向M相转变.锂离子择优位离开镍酸锂时,存在J-T效应,使得镍酸锂在脱锂过程中发生H1向M相转变,与镍酸

Oscillatory instability of Rayleigh-Marangoni-Bénard convection in two-layer liquid systems

The oscillatory behaviour of the Rayleigh-Marangoni-Bénard convective instability (R-M-B instability) regarding two combinations of two-layer fluid systems has been investigated theoretically and numerically. For the two-layer system of Silicone oil (10cSt) over Fluorinert (FC70), both linear instability analysis and 2D numerical simulation show that the instability of the system depends strongly on the depth ratio Hr = H1/H2 of the two-layer liquid. The oscillatory regime at the onset of R-M-B convection enlarges with reducing Γ = Ra/Ma values. In the two-layer system of Silicone oil (2cSt) over water, it loses its stability and onsets to steady convection at first, then the steady convection bifurcates to oscillatory convection with increasing Rayleigh number Ra. This behaviour was found through numerical simulation above the onset of steady convection in the case of r = 2.9, ε=(Ra-Ruc)/Rac = 1.0, and Hr = 0.5. Our findings are different from the previous study of the Rayleigh-Benard instability and show the strong effects of the thermocapillary force at the interface on the time-dependent oscillations at or after the onset of convection. We propose a secondary oscillatory instability mechanism to explain the experimental observation of Degen et al. [Phys. Rev. E, 57 (1998), 6647-6659].

非均匀布风对流化床密相床区燃烧温度的影响

由于采用非均匀布风，内旋流流化床的移动区空气量不足，导致燃烧不充分，温度较低。当移动区未流化时，密相区内存在较明显的温度不均匀性。随着移动区流速的提高，温度差迅速减小。当移动区流速超过2.0 u_(mf)后，密相区温度基本均匀一致。流动区流速对密相区温度均匀有一定的影响，流速越高，温度越均匀。

Rayleigh-Marangoni-Bénard Convective Instability

The Rayleigh-Marangoni-Benard convective instability (R-M-B instability) and flow patterns in the two-layer system of silicon oil 10cSt and Fluorinert FC70 liquids are studied theoretically and experimentally. Both linear instability analysis and 2D numerical simulation (A=L/H=10) were performed to study the influence of thermocapillary force on the convective instability of the two-layer system. Time-dependent oscillations arising at the onset of convection were investigated in a larger various range of two-layer depth ratios (Hr=H1/H2) from 0.2 to 5.0 for different total depth less than 12mm. Our results are different from the previous study on the Rayleig-B閚ard instability and show the strong effects of thermocapillary force at the interface on the time-dependent oscillations at the onset of instability convection. Primary experimental results of the critical instability parameters and the convective structure in the R-M-B convection have been obtained by using the digital particle image velocimetry (DPIV) system, and a good agreement in comparison with the results of numerical simulation was obtained.

郑哲敏文集

藏麻黄与丽江麻黄的形态及遗传变异研究

麻黄属(Ephedra)起源较早，该属植物的形态性状极度退化或简化，可用于经典分类学的有价值的性状非常有限。分布于青藏高原的藏麻黄（E. saxatilis）和丽江麻黄（E. likiangensis）二者间形态相似，性状变异连续，很难分辨，但被《中国植物志》中、英文版作两个种处理。 本文对藏麻黄和丽江麻黄的七个居群、151个个体的叶、雌球花和节间长等形态学性状进行了分析，发现各性状的变异情况在群体间无明显差异。同时我们还对154个个体的叶绿体DNA trnT-trnF和 trnS-trnfM区进行了序列分析，两个片段的联合矩阵长1382bp，共有29个变异位点，其中有9个碱基变异和2个indel，可划分为H1、H2和H3三种单倍型。这3种单倍型在丽江麻黄中均有分布，但藏麻黄仅含H1和H2。 综合来自形态学和分子方面的证据，我们发现藏麻黄和丽江麻黄的关系非常近缘，因此建议予以合并。同时本文还以膜果麻黄（E. przewalskii）为外类群，从谱系生物地理学角度探讨了三种叶绿体单倍型的进化关系，发现H2最原始，分布最广;H1与其它两种单倍型间的序列差异较大，可能是较进化的类型。此外，无性克隆的繁殖方式可能是导致Ephedra单倍型非常简单的重要原因之一。

苍山冷杉复合体的居群遗传变异与谱系地理学

青藏高原为冷杉属(Abies)的多度中心，共分布有10种，9变种和4亚种。其中苍山冷杉复合体(Abies delavayi complex)包括3种，5变种和2亚种。它们的形态性状变异较小，且分布区重叠。迄今对该复合体的遗传多样性水平、分化程度以及进化历史仍缺乏了解。 本研究对苍山冷杉复合体的14个居群、302个个体进行取样，并对193个个体的母系遗传线粒体DNA nad1 intron2区和276个个体的父系遗传的叶绿体DNA trnS-trnG区进行了序列分析。该复合体的线粒体DNA nad1 intron2区的序列为675bp，其中有4个单碱基变异和1个插入/缺失，可分为6种线粒体单倍型。这14个居群的线粒体总核苷酸多态性(π)为0.00114，单倍型多态性(Hd)为0.627，居群间的遗传变异(FST)高达84.034%。叶绿体DNA trnS-trnG区的序列排列后为718bp，共有8个单碱基变异和4个插入/缺失，可分为12种叶绿体单倍型。这14个居群的总核苷酸多态性(π)为0.00116，单倍型多态性(Hd)为0.590，居群间的遗传变异(FST)为65.830%。以上结果显示苍山冷杉复合体居群间已经产生了强烈的遗传分化。叶绿体的3种主导单倍型(H1、H2和 H3)在YLXS、SKXS、GS和WX 4个居群中都有分布;而其它居群则只有主导单倍型(除SJLS外)中的1种或2种。造成边缘居群(如JZS)多样性较低的主要原因是冰期后群体在迁移过程中的遗传漂变和奠基者效应。根据谱系关系线粒体H1型和叶绿体H3型均为较古老的单倍型，线粒体和叶绿体的谱系关系均支持上述分析。 本研究初步推测青藏高原的东南部—横断山区(包括YLXS、SKXS、GS、WX、BMXS、ELS和EMS)可能为苍山冷杉复合体的冰期避难所，群体存在冰期后向西和向南扩张的过程。间冰期群体隔离和扩张过程中的奠基者效应是形成目前居群分化和遗传多样性分布格局的重要因素。

全缘叶绿绒蒿的谱系生物地理学研究

青藏高原是我国植物多样性和特有性最高的地区，其中横断山区由于复杂的地质变迁历史和独特的地貌已成为研究物种多样性的一个热点。全缘叶绿绒蒿是分布于青藏高原及其周边地区的高山植物，该物种的谱系生物地理学研究不仅有助于揭示横断山区的物种分化机制及地理分布格局的形成过程，而且有助于探讨青藏高原隆升及新生代晚期气候变化对横断山区物种遗传结构的影响。 本研究对全缘叶绿绒蒿的12 个群体、153 个个体的叶绿体DNA trnS-trnfM片段进行了序列测定，比对校正后该片段的长度为877－962 bp，其中含6 个突变位点和5 个插入缺失（两个7 bp，两个39 bp，一个6 bp）。根据这些变异，可分为12 种叶绿体单倍型（H1-H12）。全缘叶绿绒蒿在物种水平上的核苷酸多态性分别为π = 0.00152 和θ = 0.00122，单倍型多样性为HE 为0.791，群体之间的遗传分化系数FST 为0.46579。中性检测结果显示无论在物种水平还是在群体水平，都没有显著偏离中性模式，说明该物种近期没有经历明显的瓶颈效应或奠基者效应等历史事件。我们从地理上将全缘叶绿绒蒿的群体分为四个地区，即云南、川西、川北和青海地区。AMOVA 分析显示群体间的遗传分化系数FST为0.46579，大多数的核苷酸多态性来自群体内（53.42%），其次来自于地区内的群体间（40.44%），而四个地区之间的分化非常小，仅占6.14%。失配分析显示在整个物种的分布范围内呈现单峰式样（r = 0.0475, P = 0.07924），这种分布虽然是不显著的，但P 值接近显著的临界，说明可能存在不明显的扩散，但在各个地区内的群体都没有扩散的迹象。 比较单倍型的地理分布和单倍型之间的进化关系，发现川西和川北地区存在明显差异，这两个地区都拥有比较古老的单倍型，也具有地区特异的稀有单倍型，因此很可能是全缘叶绿绒蒿在冰期时的避难所。云南地区只具有一个古老单倍型H1，这种分布可能是由川西和川北避难所的南迁造成的，也可能该地区自身就是古老单倍型H1 的发源地。青海地区只有两种古老的单倍型，由于冰期后物种有往高纬度迁移的趋势，因此这个地区的单倍型可能是在冰期后由川西和川北迁移过去的。全缘叶绿绒蒿在横断山区单倍型的片段化分布及多个避难所的存在可能与该地区独特的高山低谷相间地貌以及受多次冰期影响有密切关系。

Antimicrobial peptides from skin secretions of Chinese red belly toad Bombina maxima

Two groups of antimicrobial peptides have been isolated from skin secretions of Bombina maxima. Peptides in the first group, named maximins 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, are structurally related to bombinin-like peptides (BLPs). Unlike BLPs, sequence variations in maximins occurred all through the molecules. In addition to the potent antimicrobial activity, cytotoxicity against tumor cells and spermicidal action of maximins, maximin 3 possessed a significant anti-HIV activity. Maximins 1 and 3 were toxic to mice with LD50 values of 8.2 and 4.3 mg/kg, respectively. Peptides in the second group, termed maximins H1, H2, H3 and H4, are homologous with bombinin H peptides. cDNA sequences revealed that one maximin peptide plus one maximin H peptide derived from a common larger protein. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.

Evolution of the DRD2 gene haplotype and its association with alcoholism in Mexican Americans

The human D2 dopamine receptor gene (DRD2) plays a central role in the neuromodulation of appetitive behaviors and is implicated in having a possible role in susceptibility to alcoholism. We genotyped an SNP in DRD2 Exon 8 in 251 nonalcoholic, unrelated, healthy controls and 200 alcoholic Mexican Americans. The DRD2 haplotypes were analyzed using the Exon 8 genotype in combination with five other SNP genotypes, which were obtained from our previous study. The ancestral origins of the DRD2 polymorphisms have been determined by sequencing the homologous region in other higher primates. Twenty DRD2 haplotypes, defined as H1 to H20 based on their frequency from high to low, were obtained in this major minority population. The ancestral haplotype "I-132-G-C-G-A1" and two one-step mutation haplotypes were absent in our study population. The haplotype H1, "I-B1-T-C-A-A1", with the highest frequency in the population, is a three-step mutation from the ancestral form. The first five or eight major haplotypes make up 87% or 95% of the entire population, respectively. The prevalence of the haplotype H1+ (H1/H1 and H1/Hn genotypes) is significantly higher in alcoholics and alcoholic subgroups, including early onset drinkers and benders, than in their respective control groups. The Promoter -141C allele is in linkage disequilibrium (LD) with five other loci in the nonalcoholic group, but not in the alcoholic group. All of the other five loci are in LD in both the alcoholic and control groups. The DRD2 TaqI B allele is in complete LD with the allele located in intron 6. Five SNPs, Promoter -141C, TaqI B (or Intron 6), Exon 7, Exon 8, and TaqI A, are sufficient to define the DRD2 haplotypes in Mexican Americans. Our data indicate that the DRD2 haplotypes are associated with alcoholism in Mexican Americans. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Molecular cloning and characterization analysis of immunoglobulin M heavy chain gene in European eel (Anguilla anguilla)

In this study, the immunoglobulin M heavy chain gene of European eel (Anguilla anguilla) was cloned and analyzed. The full-length cDNA of the IgM heavy chain gene (GenBank accession no. EF062515) has 2089 nucleotides encoding a putative protein of 581 amino acids. The IgM heavy chain was composed of leader peptide (L), variable domain (VH), CH1, CH2. Hinge, CH3, CH4, and C-terminus and two novel continuous putative N-glycosylation sites were found close to the second cysteine of CH3 in A. anguilla-H1 and A. anguilla-H2. The deduced amino acid sequence of the European eel IgM heavy chain constant region shared similarities to that of the Ladyfish (Elops saurus). Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), Grass carp (Ctenopharingodon idella), Common carp (Cyprinus carpio), Channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus), and the orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) with the identity of 46.1%, 39.7%, 38.9%, 32.4%, 32.3%, 31.7%, and 30.7%, respectively. The highest level of IgM gene expression was observed in the kidney, followed by the spleen, gills, liver, muscle and heart in the apparently healthy European eels. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

珠江口岸式波力试验电站

中国第一座波力试验电站——珠江口岸式波力电站于1990年2月15日试发电成功。该电站位于珠江口大万山岛的南岸，面向浩瀚南海。设计波况H1/10=1.5m，T=6.5s.计划装机容量为8kW，第一台为3kW无刷爪极式发电机组，输出110V直流电，第二台为5kW无刷单相交流同步发电机组，输出220V交流电。目前投入试发电的是3kW机组。本文将介绍该电站气室性能模型试验，空气透平与气室性能匹配设计，岩坎爆破施工，实海条件下电站气室性能试验和发电试验结果。

砂鼠利什曼原虫（Leishmanla gerbilli）细胞核的分离及其核内组蛋白的初步研究

分离纯化锥虫类原生动物的细胞核存在着许多困难，所以，尽管目前已有一些学者对这类生物的染色质及其组成进行了研究，但在某些问题上还没统一的认识。我们以我国的特有种砂鼠利什曼原虫在如下三方面作了初步研究：1、在分离核细胞时，我们采用了起始密度为1.083的percoll等密度梯度离心法，获得了纯度较高的L．geroilli细胞核，并提出了一个从破碎细胞开始的一个分离细胞核的完整程序。二、利用所获得的纯度较高的细胞核，经过生化分析发现L.gerbilli核染色质只含有四种核心组蛋白，即组蛋白H2A，H2B、H3、H4，而没有发现H1。我们推测组蛋白H1的缺少，可能是造成锥虫类生物染色质在核分裂时不会形成致密的中期染色体结构的主要原因。三、用两种不同的方法（甲醇固定稀HCl抽提法与2MNacl抽提法）从全细胞提取碱性蛋白，并与从核中提取到的组蛋白进行对比，发现了一种来自于细胞质的酸溶性蛋白－L组。我们发现L.gerbilli的组蛋白对甲醇固定很敏感，一经长时间（三小时）固定就难以用稀盐酸（0.25N）抽出，而L组分则没有这样的变化。用经甲醇固定三小时的材料以稀盐酸抽提一小时，之后再作碳酸铵银反应以检查碱性蛋白的存在，发现细胞核的阳性率角为100％，而动质体的阳性率则从100％降为32％。这表明L组分是存在于动质体中。

Deep centers in AlGaAs/GaAs GRIN-SCH SQW laser structures grown by MBE and MOCVD

The deep centers in AlGaAs/GaAs graded index-separate confinement heterostructure single quantum well (GRIN-SCHSQW) laser structures grown by MBE and MOCVD have been investigated using deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) technique, The majority and minority carrier DLTS spectra show that the deep (hole and electron) traps (Hi and E3), having large capture cross sections and concentrations, are observed in the graded n-AlxGa1-xAs layer of laser structures in addition to the well-known DX centers. For laser structures grown by MBE, the deep hole trap H1 and the deep electron trap E3 may be spatially localized in the interface regions of discontinuous variation Al mole fraction of the n-AlxGa1-xAs layer with x = 0.20-0.43. For laser structures grown by MOCVD, the deep electron trap E3 may be spatially localized in the n-AlxGa1-xAs layer with x = 0.18-0.30, and the DX center may be spatially localized in the interface regions of discontinuous variation Al mole fraction of the AlxGa1-xAs layer with x = 0.22-0.30.

低压-金属有机物汽相外延生长的Ga（1-x）InxAs/InP激光器中深能级的研究

应用深能级瞬态谱(DLTS)技术详细研究低压-金属有机物汽相外延(LP-MOVPE)生长的Ga_(0.74)In_(0.53)As/InP量子阱、宽接触和质子轰击条形异质结激光器中的深能级。样品的DLTS表明,在宽接触激光器的i-Ga_(0.47)In(0.53)As有源层里观察到 H1(Ev+0.09eV)和E1(E_c-0.35eV)陷阱,它们可能分别与样品生长过程中扩散到i-Ga_(0.47)In_(0.53)As有源层的Zn和材料本身的原生缺陷有关。而条形激光器的i-Ga_(0.47)In_(0.53)A_s有源层的 H_2(E_v+0.11eV)和 E_2(E_q-0.42eV)陷阱则可能是H1和E1与质子轰击引起的损伤相互作用的产物 。