51 resultados para Grindal, Edmund, 1519?-1583.

em Chinese Academy of Sciences Institutional Repositories Grid Portal


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The Peclet number is a useful index to estimate the importance of sedimentation as compared to the Brownian motion. However, how to choose the characteristic length scale for the Peclet number evaluation is rather critical because the diffusion length increases as the square root of the time whereas the drifting length is linearly related to time. Our Brownian dynamics simulation shows that the degree of sedimentation influence on the coagulation decreases when the dispersion volume fraction increases. Therefore using a fixed length, such as the diameter of particle, as the characteristic length scale for Peclet number evaluation is not a good choice when dealing with the influence of sedimentation on coagulation. The simulations demonstrated that environmental factors in the coagulation process, such as dispersion volume fraction and size distribution, should be taken into account for more reasonable evaluation of the sedimentation influence.

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提出了虚拟激光柔性加工系统的体系结构,运用IGRIP建立包括虚拟场景和虚拟加工设备的虚拟激光柔性加工平台;以覆盖件模具表面激光硬化加工为例,综合分析其过程中各影响因素(几何、激光、材料等方面的因素),建立了基于神经网络的工艺力学模型,并嵌入到虚拟加工平台中,以实现包括几何仿真与物理仿真的完整仿真过程,预测加工效果,为真实加工提供有效依据。

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基于快放电(毫微秒)XeCl激光器电极两端电压和电流的精确测量和计算机分析,给出高气压(3—8大气压力)激光放电等离子体的动态阻抗特性。在几毫微秒内,阻抗降到欧姆量级。研究了放电峰值电流和平均阻抗与充电电压和气体压力的关系。结果显示,放电等离子体阻抗与传输线阻抗精确匹配并不是十分重要和实际的。

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Experimental particle dispersion patterns in a plane wake flow at a high Reynolds number have been predicted numerically by discrete vortex method (Phys. Fluids A 1992; 4:2244-2251; Int. J. Multiphase Flow 2000; 26:1583-1607). To address the particle motion at a moderate Reynolds number, spectral element method is employed to provide an instantaneous wake flow field for particle dynamics equations, which are solved to make a detail classification of the patterns in relation to the Stokes and Froude numbers. It is found that particle motion features only depend on the Stokes number at a high Froude number and depend on both numbers at a low Froude number. A ratio of the Stokes number to squared Froude number is introduced and threshold values of this parameter are evaluated that delineate the different regions of particle behavior. The parameter describes approximately the gravitational settling velocity divided by the characteristic velocity of wake flow. In order to present effects of particle density but preserve rigid sphere, hollow sphere particle dynamics in the plane wake flow is investigated. The evolution of hollow particle motion patterns for the increase of equivalent particle density corresponds to that of solid particle motion patterns for the decrease of particle size. Although the thresholds change a little, the parameter can still make a good qualitative classification of particle motion patterns as the inner diameter changes.

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Transparent 1 at% Nd3+:Y1.9La0.1O3 ceramics were fabricated with nanopowders prepared by carbonate coprecipitation method. The powder compacts were sintered in H-2 atmosphere at 1550 degrees C for 30 h. The Nd3+:Y1.9La0.1O3 ceramics display uniform grains of about 50 mu m and high transparency. The highest transmittance of the ceramics reaches 67%. The strongest absorption peak is in the wavelength of 820 nm with absorption cross section of 2.48 x 10(-20) cm(2). The absorption is still high at LD wavelength 806 nm with absorption cross section of 1.78 x 10(-20) cm(2) and broad full width at half maximum (FWHM) of about 6.3 nm. The strongest emission peak was centered at 1078 nm with large stimulated emission cross section of 9.63 x 10(-20) cm(2) and broad FWHM of about 7.8 nm. The broad absorption and emission bandwidth of Nd3+:y(1.9)La(0.1)O(3) transparent ceramics are favorable to achieve the miniaturized LD pumping apparatus and ultrashort modelocked pulse laser output, respectively. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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我们采用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜观察了68种我国西北地区蜜源植物的花粉,并用透射电子显微镜观察了其中的5种。在文中,每种花粉的形态都有比较详细的描述。此外,作者还总结了蜜源植物花粉的形态特征,编制了这些花粉的形态检索表。 我们比较了虫媒植物和风媒植物的花粉。在形态上,它们有明显的不同之处。一般来说,虫媒植物的花粉粒较大,较重,表面纹饰较粗、具粘液;它们还常集结成块状。 紫草科花粉的异萌发孔、柳叶菜科柳兰花粉、伞形科芫荽花粉的极帽等形态均较特殊,文中作了详细的讨论。 花粉的大小和形状在醋酸酐分解前后多有变化。一般变化规律是:花粉粒大的,形态变化大;花粉粒小的,形态变化小。球形,具散孔花粉变化很小。 我们还对花粉形态研究中光镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜的使用进行了比较。

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本文以中国不同年代主要的玉米品种为试验材料,深入研究了玉米品种更替过程中新老品种的生理生态特征和竞争力差异,分析了差异形成的原因并进行了理论探讨。 玉米新老品种竞争力差异的研究采用了单作和混作两种方式,设高低两个密度。生长过程中全面测量了生物量、形态、生理和群体指标,运用了生长分析的方法来研究竞争,整合了各水平参数来解释竞争结果,并用本研究数据检验了生长冗余理论。 玉米新老品种对比研究发现新品种的生理生态特征普遍优于老品种。这些优势不仅体现在较高的生物量积累、较大的籽粒库容和较强的再分配能力上,而且体现在高的叶面积指数、衰老过程中仍维持较高的叶绿素含量、可溶性蛋白含量和光合效率上,同时新品种的群体特性还具有更低的感病率和更少的无效分蘖。玉米新老品种竞争结果表明在混作条件下,相对总产量这一指标反映出新老品种间明显的互利效应,且这种效应随发育阶段而降低。新品种对老品种的相对竞争力则随着发育阶段波动,并且密度和发育阶段两因子对品种竞争力的影响有明显的相互作用。相对于新品种,老品种的确存在叶片和根系的生长冗余部分,但老品种并没有在混作竞争中获得明显的竞争优势,即玉米品种选育并不完全符合生长冗余理论,因此在理解植物竞争力方面仍需要其他层面更深入的探讨。 同时,玉米品种选育不完全符合生长冗余理论的结论在农学实践上并非毫无价值。因为新品种总生物量的提高,不仅增加了籽粒产量,而且增加了秸秆产量,提供了更多可利用的生物质资源。相对于仅仅关注粮食产量,综合利用中国农村巨大的生物质资源具有更重要的生态意义。

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对采自麻栗坡县的晋通马矮马各3匹的材料,所用20种限制性内切酶中,有16种可产生切点,平均每个个体获得56条限制性片段。与其它家畜家一不同,家马有高度的mtDNA多态性,6匹马均有自己独特的mtD-NA基因型,提示该地家马可能为多起源,至少有多重母系,这些母系可追溯到1~10万年前,与化石记载相一致。本次实验未找到将两种马区分开的特异性多态标记,这可能是同栖于同一生态环境中,相互交配,血液相融,而不是各自起源于自己原母系。由于所测样本数较少,尚不能得到区分两种马的一个统计学上的规律性来。云南地理地貌十分复杂,马的品种或类群较多,亦可能是多起源,其遗传多样性很丰富。因此,云南马是值得保护和重视的种质资源库。自80年代以来,动物线粒体DNA(mtD-NA)在群体遗传及进化生物学研究中起着重要作用,由于其组成序列简单,母体遗传,且不存在重组,所以是追踪母系血统的理想标记和能对漂移血统进行识别 ̄[1](Harrisonl989年).在家养动物中,对mtDNA多态性研究以前多在鸡、黄牛、猪中进行,它们的mtDNA多态频率相当低 ̄[2]。Marthew和Ryder(1986)的研究已涉及家马mtDNA种内特异性的情况.

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用18种限制性内切酶对7只云南鹅的线粒体DNA(mtDNA)进行了限制性片段长度多态(RFLP)分析。17种酶在所有受试个体表现为一致的限制性态型(morph),一只灰羽鹅用PvuI消化时出现变异。用14种限制性内切酶构建了云南鹅mtDNA的酶切图谱。

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Early growth response-1 (Egr-1) is expressed in human airways and found to modulate tumor necrosis factor, immunoglobulin E (IgE), airway responsiveness, and interleukin-13-induced inflammation in mice. We investigated the effects of Chinese-tagging singl

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通过构建依赖NADPH的乙酰乙酰CoA还原酶基因(phbB)的衣藻表达载体, 用石英砂VOTEX转化技术, 将phbB基因导入细胞壁缺陷的莱茵衣藻(Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cc-849)中, 用含有10 mg/mL的Zeomycin的平板培养基进行筛选和实验室保持培养, 得到了表达phbB基因的转基因藻株. PCR和Southern blot结果显示phbB基因已整合到莱茵衣藻基因组中. RT-PCR与DNA杂交的检测结果显示, 导入的phbB基因在衣藻中具有转录活性.