猴前额叶皮层内注射α_2肾上腺素能拮抗剂损害延缓GO／NO－GO任务操作

训练两只猕猴进行延缓ＧＯ／ＮＯ－ＧＯ任务操作。猴坐在定制的猴椅中，正前方４０ｃｍ处放着计算机显示器。显示器下方装有一压板。猴按压板０．５ｓ后，显示器屏幕右下角或左下角出现一白色方块信号（１．５ｃｍ×１．５ｃｍ），持续０．５ｓ。这一信号为暗示信号。暗示信号消失后，延缓０．０－４．０ｓ，然后在显示器屏幕的下方正中处出现一红色方块信号（１．５ｃｍ×１．５ｃｍ）。这一信号为反应信号。如果暗示信号出现在右边，则要求猴在０．８ｓ内放开一直按着的压板（ＧＯ反应）；如果暗示信号出现在左边，则要求猴继续按住压板１．２ｓ（ＮＯ－ＧＯ反应）。正确操作后，猴得到一滴水的奖励。在这一行为任务中，延缓期内的短时工作记忆是“非空间表象”（ｎｏｎ－ｓｐａｔｉａｌｌｙｒｅｐｒｅｓｅｎｔａｔｉｏａｌ）短时工作记忆。前额叶皮层背外侧部（Ｗａｌｋｅｔ４６区、９区）内注射α２受体拮抗剂ｙｏｈｉｍｂｉｎｅ（１０μｇ／２μｌ）使猴的任务操作正确率下降。延缓期越长，下降的幅度越大。注射Ｙｏｈｉｍｂｉｎｅ后，猴的操作错误率升高主要表现在“交叉”反应率升高，即应该作ＧＯ反应时作ＮＯ－ＧＯ反应，反之亦然。注射α１受体桔抗剂Ｐｒａｚｏｓｉｎ（１０μｇ／２μｌ）或

建立猕猴Go/NoGo视觉分辨任务的方法

在认知神经科学研究中,Go/NoGo模型是一种非常有效的研究方法。在本试验中,以两只猕猴为研究对象,采用Go/NoGo模型,以不同的视觉线索作为刺激来研究相关认知行为。结果表明猕猴能够很快学会Go/NoGo视觉分辨任务,而且对NoGo任务的完成要优于对Go任务的完成。本实验建立了一种有效的猕猴Go/NoGo视觉分辨实验的方法及计算机控制系统,为进一步记录神经元活动建立了良好的基础。

A review of the cyprinoid fish genus Barbodes Bleeker, 1859, from Yunnan, China, with descriptions of two new species

Fishes of the genus Barbodes in Yunnan have been reviewed and 2 new species are described on the basis of specimens deposited in Kunming institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Counts and measurements follow Chu and Chen (1989). Barbodes heterostomus is distinguished by its terminal mouth, with gape being horizontal in the male, and acclivitous in the female, last unbranched dorsal ray smooth with upper 1/3 articulated; dorsal fin origin anterior to pelvic fin origin; no dark lateral band on sides of body; gill rakers 13-19; lateral line scales 24-29; longest caudal ray length about 2 times that of shortest. It is distributed in Longchuanjiang and Dayingjiang (upper Irrawaddy). Barbodes baoshanensis is distinguished by its smooth last unbranched dorsal ray with upper 1/3-1/2 articulated; dorsal fin origin anterior to pelvic fin origin; sides of body with a dark longitudinal band; gill rakers 13-14; lateral line scales 23-28. It occurs in Nujiang (upper Salween) and Longchuanjiang. A key to the species of Barbodes in Yunnan is provided.

First report of two Balantidium species from the Chinese giant salamander, Andrias davidianus: Balantidium sinensis Nie 1935 and Balantidium andianusis n. sp.

Two ciliated protozoa, Balantidium sinensis Nie 1935 and Balantidium andianusi n. sp., were isolated from the feces of a wild Chinese giant salamander (Andrias davidianus) captured from the mountainous area of Shiyan, Hubei Province, Central China in October 2006. It is the first report of Balantidium species inhabiting Cryptobranchoidea amphibians. The occurrence of B. sinensis in A. davidianus should be a new record because the type specimens were first discovered and named by Nie in 1935 from Rana nigromaculata and Rana plancyi. For the lack of enough descriptions of taxonomic features in the previous report, it was re-described in detail and compared with Nie's type specimens and B. giganteum to complete the morphological descriptions in the present work. B. andianusi n. sp. was considered to be a new species based on its unique morphological characteristics, especially the high length/width ratio of the vestibulum (8:1). Comparisons were also made among Balantidium species that were found from urodele amphibians.

ON PARADICRANOPHORUS-ACULEATUS (NEISTWESTNOVA-SHADINA, 1935) WITH REMARKS ON ALL OTHER SPECIES OF THE GENUS (ROTIFERA, DICRANOPHORIDAE)

In 1934, the rotifer Paradicranophorus aculeatus was discovered by NEISTWESTNOVA-SHADINA in the River Oka near Murom (Russia). She described it as a Dicranophorus species. In 1958, the rheophilic rotifer was rediscovered in the Polish River Grabia by PAWLOWSKI. This paper reports a third occurence in three samples from the Yun Nan Luoxiao River in China, allowing additional studies of this rare species.