Viscosity, Surface Tension, and Atomization of Water-Methanol and Diesel Emulsions

This article is the result of experimental studies of the rheologv, viscosities, surface tensions, and atomization of water-methanol and diesel emulsions. The Span 80 and Tween 60 are employed to make three emulsifying agents, Y01, Y02, and Y03, with viscosity of 1.32-1.5 Pa s and HLB values of 5.36, 4.83, and 4.51, respectively. In the water-in-oil emulsions, the aqueous phase is between 10% and 50%; the agent concentration added is 0.8-8.0%. The viscosity of the emulsions is 0.003-0.02 Pa s, and the surface tens ion is 0.04-0.1 N/m. The types and concentrations of agents significantly influence the viscosity of the emulsions, and the higher concentration of the aqueous phase (<50%) in creases the viscosities of the emulsions, especially for higher agent concentration. Interfacial membrane and HLB values of the agents can explain all these phenomena. Higher aqueous phase concentration and agent viscosity results in larger Sauter mean diameter.

Impact of cathode evaporation on a free-burning arc

A free-burning, high-intensity argon arc at atmospheric pressure was modelled during the evaporation of copper from the cathode. The effect of cathode evaporation on the temperature, mass flow, current flow and Cu concentration was studied for the entire plasma region. The copper evaporates from the tip of the cathode with an evaporation rate of 1 mg s-1. The copper vapour in the cathode region has a velocity of 210 m s-1 with a mass concentration of above 90% within 0.5 mm from the arc axis. The vapour passes from the cathode toward the anode with a slight diffusion in the argon plasma. Higher temperatures and current densities were calculated in the core of the arc caused by the cathode evaporation.

Wave-front analysis method of circular aperture sampling for collimation testing

A new type of wave-front analysis method for the collimation testing of laser beams is proposed. A concept of wave-front height is defined, and, on this basis, the wave-front analysis method of circular aperture sampling is introduced. The wave-front height of the tested noncollimated wave can be estimated from the distance between two identical fiducial diffraction planes of the sampled wave, and then the divergence is determined. The design is detailed, and the experiment is demonstrated. The principle and experiment results of the method are presented. Owing to the simplicity of the method and its low cost, it is a promising method for checking the collimation of a laser beam with a large divergence. © 2005 Optical Society of America.

Isolation, expression and characterization of a novel dual serine protease inhibitor, OH-TCI, from king cobra venom

Snake venom Kunitz/BPTI members are good tools for understanding of structure-functional relationship between serine proteases and their inhibitors. A novel dual Kunitz/BPTI serine proteinase inhibitor named OH-TCI (trypsin- and chymotrypsin-dual inhibito

微囊藻毒素LR对小鼠的急性毒性研究

目的了解微囊藻毒素对小鼠的急性损伤作用。方法以BALB/C小鼠为材料,腹腔注射22μg/kg·b.w.和43μg/kg·b.w.剂量的微囊藻毒素LR,测定脏器系数和一系列生化指标。结果肾脏指数与肝脏指数明显增加,表明两种器官都受到损伤;血清中天冬氨酸转氨和丙氨酸转氨酶活力上升,尿素含量下降预示着肝脏损伤,尿酸含量上升则预示肾脏损伤的发生。结论肾脏也可能是易受微囊藻毒素损伤的器官。

地统计学在水生植物群落格局研究中的应用

为了研究水生植物群落的镶嵌分布格局和随着尺度变化的空间特征,应用地统计学中半方差法、半方差理论模型和分形理论,研究了湖北省保安湖沿岸带水生植物群落分布格局.在沿岸带设置了一个160 m×160 m的方形样方,采用覆盖法将整个样方划分为32×32个格子,记录各格子内出现的物种数。格子内如果有某物种,则将该格子对应的区域化随机变量赋值为1,否则赋值为0.另将群落各格内区域化随机变量赋值为各物种在该采样点随机变量值的总和.运用地统计软件GS+for Windows分析苦草、狐尾藻、金鱼藻和群落的32×32格随机

地震海洋学方法在研究南海东北部海水水体结构中的应用

反射地震方法一般用于地下地质结构的探测.本文采用南海东北部的一条地震测线

High-Integrated-Photosensitivity Negative-Electron-Affinity GaAs Photocathodes with Multilayer Be-Doping Structures

The effect of changing Be doping concentration in GaAs layer on the integrated photosensitivity for nega- tive-electron-affinity GaAs photocathodes is investigated. Two GaAs samples with the monolayer structure and the muhilayer structure are grown by molecular beam epitaxy. The former has a constant Be concentration of 1 × 10^19 cm^-3, while the latter includes four layers with Be doping concentrations of 1 × 10^19, 7 × 10^18, 4 × 10^18, and 1 × 10^18 cm^-3 from the bottom to the surface. Negative-electron-affinity GaAs photocathodes are fabricated by exciting the sample surfaces with alternating input of Cs and O in the high vacuum system. The spectral response results measured by the on-line spectral response measurement system show that the integrated photosensitivity of the photocathode with the muhilayer structure enhanced by at least 50% as compared to that of the monolayer structure. This attributes to the improvement in the crystal quality and the increase in the surface escape probability. Different stress situations are observed on GaAs samples with monolayer structure and muhilayer structure, respectively.

滇池金线鲃的人工训养方法

本发明涉及一种滇池金线鲃的人工训养方法，属鱼产品养殖技术领域。滇池金线鲃的人工训养方法，包括饲料选择和饲料方式，其中：饲料选用浆状食物虾浆、蛋黄浆、挂喂粉状饲料、投喂丰年虫、微粒饲料、大粒料及人工鱼混合商品饲料；0～6刚出膜的滇池金线鲃幼苗长5.5～7.5mm，全靠卵黄囊供给营养，7天后的滇池金线鲃开始摄食浆状食物，20日后摄食丰年虫体并逐渐摄食粉状物质，70日后摄食微粒饲料，半年后摄食小颗粒料并逐步摄食大颗粒料人工混合鱼用商品饲料，投食量为体重的2-3％。本发明具有成本低、操作简便，能投入产业化、集约化生产，成活率高的优点

Synthesis, structure, and optical properties of a contorted (110)-oriented layered hybrid perovskite: C3H11SN3PbBr4

The < 110 >-oriented perovskite is very rare in the hybrid perovskites family. In this work, an unusual layered < 110 >-oriented hybrid perovskite, which is stabilized by a special organic ligand, 2-(aminoethyl)isothiourea, has been obtained. This ligand combines a primary amine and a formamidine on the two ends of one molecule. Introduction of the special ligand brings about contorted inorganic sheets in the hybrid perovskite structure. The optical properties of the new < 110 >-oriented perovskite were studied.