高雷诺数流动的控制方程体系和扩散抛物化Navier-Stokes方程组的意义和用途

在计算机发达的时代,高雷诺(Re)数绕流计算中有无必要使用简化NS方程组,本文讨论这个问题.主要内容如下:(1)高Re数绕流包含3种基本流动:所有方向对流占优流动、所有方向对流扩散竞争流动和部分方向对流占优部分方向对流扩散竞争流动(简称干扰剪切流动),3个基本流动的特征彼此不同且在流场中所占领域大小彼此相差悬殊,NS方程区域很小,它们的最简单控制方程组Euler、Navier-Stokes(NS)和扩散抛物化(DP)NS方程组的数学性质彼此不同,因此利用Euler-DPNS-NS方程组体系分析计算高Re数绕流流动就是一个合乎逻辑的选择,该法与利用单一NS方程组的常用方法可以彼此检验和补充.(2)流体之间以及流体与外界的动量、能量和质量交换,流态从层流到湍流的演化主要发生在干扰剪切流动中,干扰剪切流及其最简单控制方程--DPNS方程组具有基础意义;DPNS方程组笔者在1967年已提出.(3)诸简化NS方程组:DPNS、抛物化(P)NS、薄层(TL)NS、黏性层(VL)NS方程组的发展、相互关系,它们的历史贡献和今后的用途;它们的数学性质均为扩散抛物型,但它们包含的黏性项彼此有所不同;从流体力学角度来看,它们中只有DPNS方程组能够准确描述干扰剪切流动.提出把诸简化NS方程组统一为DPNS方程组的建议.(4)干扰剪切流--DPNS方程组与无干扰剪切流--边界层方程组之间的关系以及进一步研究干扰剪切流的意义.

Parallel optical negabinary signed-digit computing: algorithm and optical implementation

Negabinary is a component of the positional number system. A complete set of negabinary arithmetic operations are presented, including the basic addition/subtraction logic, the two-step carry-free addition/subtraction algorithm based on negabinary signed-digit (NSD) representation, parallel multiplication, and the fast conversion from NSD to the normal negabinary in the carry-look-ahead mode. All the arithmetic operations can be performed with binary logic. By programming the binary reference bits, addition and subtraction can be realized in parallel with the same binary logic functions. This offers a technique to perform space-variant arithmetic-logic functions with space-invariant instructions. Multiplication can be performed in the tree structure and it is simpler than the modified signed-digit (MSD) counterpart. The parallelism of the algorithms is very suitable for optical implementation. Correspondingly, a general-purpose optical logic system using an electron trapping device is suggested. Various complex logic functions can be performed by programming the illumination of the data arrays without additional temporal latency of the intermediate results. The system can be compact. These properties make the proposed negabinary arithmetic-logic system a strong candidate for future applications in digital optical computing with the development of smart pixel arrays. (C) 1999 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. [S0091-3286(99)00803-X].

非均匀性对单层膜光学特性的影响

探讨了不同规律的非均匀性对单层膜的光谱特性的影响，与均匀单层膜对比发现：折射率正变引起透射率的极大值减小，折射率负变引起透射率的极大值变大，当非均匀性很小时，透射率的极小值基本不变．对实验制备的单层膜从实验和理论上进行了对比并给出了较好的拟合，发现在薄膜和基底的界面处存在一过渡层，过渡层可近似为线性，并从理论上给予了分析解释．

中国北方草地及东部森林季节生长格局模拟

近现代以来，由于人类对自然植被的不合理利用，导致植被退化，严重影响了我国的环境质量及社会经济的发展。因此，根据植被的净第一性生产力(NPP)制定植被资源的利用强度，依据环境承载力确定退化土地的植被恢复盖度，对于我国自然资源的合理利用及可持续的退化生态系统恢复具有重要意义，急需在区域上对NPP及最适植被盖度进行科学估计。 以我国北方草地、东部森林样带为研究对象，采用以植物群落生长与环境容纳量相平衡的基本生态学理论为基础的植物群落生理生态学模型模拟植物群落的蒸发系数(k)、叶片投影盖度(FPC)及NPP的分布状况，分析其最适盖度与NPP的空间分布及NPP的季节变化。结果表明： (1) 温性草地自东向西，青藏高原自东南向西北，植物群落3个模拟参数 k、NPP与FPC呈递减趋势。北方草地NPP的模拟值较低，仅高寒草甸和温性草甸草原的NPP均值大于2 t•hm-2•a-1，高寒草甸和高寒草原的叶片投影盖度为93%和79%。高寒草甸的3个模拟参数均最高，高寒草原FPC仅次于高寒草甸，而NPP却与温性典型草原相近，温性典型荒漠的3个参数最低。 (2) 东部森林NPP表现为从南到北逐渐减少的纬度地带性分布趋势，从最南端热带雨林季雨林的31.62 t•hm-2•a-1依次向北减少至寒温带针叶林的3.45 t•hm-2•a-1。k与FPC没有表现出递减趋势，而且变化幅度不大，分别为05-0.4和87%-77%。 (3) 高寒草甸、高寒草原、温性草甸草原、温性典型草原、温性荒漠草原、温性草原化荒漠、温性典型荒漠这7个类型草地的畜群承载力约为：5.2、2.3、3.6、2.1、1.0、0.6、0.2只羊单位•hm-2。 (4) 我国东部森林FPC大多数大于70%，可以支持密度较高的森林植被类型。北方温性草原大部分地区FPC约为50%或者更小，宜维持现有的以草本、灌木及半灌木植物为主的植被类型及生态环境功能，而不宜进行大面积的农田开垦或恢复高密度的人工植被。

云南矮马资源及种质研究总结

矮马在国内重新发现后，我们对云南矮马历经７年的调查研究，取得如下主要结果：（１）据史料记述，考古物证，血液蛋白多态测定，云南极可能是矮马渊源地；（２）对全省１２个地（州）实地调查及５个地（州）的了解，证明云南全省均有矮马，其数量占全国矮马总数的８５％～９０％，表明云南为矮马的中心产区。矮马的分布密度与生态环境、社会经济、文化、交通状况密切相关，与海拔、气温关系不大；（３）对正常的成年矮马和普通马，屠测６９项指标，其差异达显著和极显著水平的占５２．２７％；（４）对头骨形态和１０５项尺度观测，两种马间差异达显著和极显著水准的占７２．３８％，表明二者为独立的品种。通过臼齿大小及齿面雏褶形态鉴别，两者间存在明显差异，并确认两种马均为古老品种；（５）测定矮马、普通马的血液生理生化指标２８项４６个指标，有７个指标存在显著和极显著差异。（６）两种马的染色体数均为２ｎ＝６４，Ｃ带结构异染色质存在明显差异，反映出两种马间遗传进化上的差异；（７）对矮马、普通马的６种血液蛋白和同功酶测定，测到９个多态位点，结果在ＴＦ上两者有明显差异。对矮马、普通马样本，测定４４个遗传座位，１０个多态遗传座位中ＰＧＭ及ＴＦ在两品种间差异显著.

白化病的分子机制研究概况

　本文对白化病的症状及分类、白化病各类型的分子机制、人类白化病分子机制研究进展、 白化小鼠分子机制研究进行了综述。

~(14)C标记1,2,7,8-TCDD在鲤体内分布及代谢的初步研究

利用14C标记1,2,7,8-四氯代二苯并二噁英(1,2,7,8Tetrachloro[U—14C]dibenzodioxin,14C1,2,7,8TCDD)初步研究了其在鲤体内的分布和代谢规律。14C1,2,7,8-TCDD溶解于丙酮/植物油中,腹腔暴露。暴露1、2、4、8、12d后取样,肝脏、胆汁、腹腔脂肪等消化制样后用液闪仪测量放射性活度。肝脏和胆汁内的放射性活度同步变化,都是第8d达到峰值后下降。腹腔脂肪内1—2d放射性明显高于随后取样的样品。肝和腹腔脂肪的分布量之比呈现“S”型变化趋势。暴露4d

Fabrication and Infrared Optical Properties of Nano Vanadium Dioxide Thin Films

Vanadium dioxide thin films were fabricated by ion beam sputtering on Si3N4/SiO2/Si after a post reductive annealing process in a nitrogen atmosphere. X-ray Diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were employed to analyze the effects of post annealing temperature on crystallinity, morphology, and composition of the vanadium oxide thin films. Transmission properties of vanadium dioxide thin films were measured by Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The results showed that the as-deposited vanadium oxide thin films were composed of non-crystalline V2O5 and a tetragonal rutile VO2. After annealing at 400 degrees C for 2 h, the mixed phase vanadium oxide (VOx) thin film changed its composition and structure to VO2 and had a (011) oriented monoclinic rutile structure. When increasing the temperature to 450 degrees C, nano VO2 thin films with smaller grains were obtained. FT-IR results showed that the transmission contrast factor of the nano VO2 thin film was more than 0.99 and the transmission of smaller grain nano VO2 thin film was near zero at its switched state. Nano VO2 thin film with smaller grains is an ideal material for application in optical switching devices.

Mode Analysis for Equilateral-Triangle-Resonator Microlasers with Metal Confinement Layers

Mode characteristics are analyzed for electrically injected equilateral-triangle-resonator (ETR) semiconductor microlasers, which are laterally confined by insulating barrier SiO2 and electrode metals Ti-Au. For the ETR without metal layers, the totally confined mode field patterns are derived based on the reflection phase shifts, and the Q-factors are calculated from the far-field emission of the analytical near field distribution, which are agreement very well with the numerical results of the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulation. The polarization dependence reflections for light rays incident on semiconductor-SiO2 -Ti-Au multi-layer structures are accounted in considering the confinement of TE and TM modes in the ETR with the metal layers. The reflectivity will greatly reduce with a Ti layer between SiO2 and Au for light rays with incident angle less than 30 especially for the TE mode, even the thickness of the Ti layer is only 10 nm. If the ETR is laterally confined by SiO2-Au layers without the Ti layer, the Fabry-Perot type modes with an incident angle of zero on one side of the ETR can also have high Q-factor. The FDTD simulation for the ETR confined by metal layers verifies the above analysis based on multi-layer reflections. The output spectra with mode intervals of whispering-gallery modes and Fabry-Perot type modes are observed from different ETR lasers with side length of 10 m, respectively.

Design of Low Power Multi-Standard Active-RC Filter for WLAN and DVB-H

In this paper, a low-power, highly linear, integrated, active-RC filter exhibiting a multi-standard (IEEE 802.11a/b/g and DVB-H) application and bandwidth (3MHz, 4MHz, 9.5MHz) is present. The filter exploits digitally-controlled polysilicon resister banks and an accurate automatic tuning scheme to account for process and temperature variations. The automatic frequency calibration scheme provides better than 3% corner frequency accuracy. The Butterworth filter is design for receiver (WLAN and DVB-H mode) and transmitter (WLAN mode). The filter dissipation is 3.4 mA in RX mode and 2.3 mA (only for one path) in TX mode from 2.85-V supply. The dissipation of calibration consumes 2mA. The circuit has been fabricated in a 0.35um 47-GHz SiGe BiCMOS technology, the receiver and transmitter occupy 0.28-mm(2) and 0.16-mm(2) (calibration circuit excluded), respectively.