Characterization of C-C chemokine receptor subfamily in teleost fish

Chemokines and their receptors play important roles in nervous and immune systems. Little information, however, exists concerning this gene family in teleost fish. In the present Study, 17 C-C chemokine receptors genes were identified from Danio rerio, 9 from Gasterosteus aculeatus, 10 from Oryzius latipes, 8 from Takifugu rubripes and 5 from Tetraodon nigroviridis. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the orthologs to mammalian CCR6, 7, 8, 9 and CCRL1 receptors were evident in zebrafish, but the clear orthologs to mammalian CCR1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 10 were not found in zebrafish. The gene structure of zebrafish CCR (zfCCR) was further analyzed. The open reading frame of zfCCR3-1, zfCCR3-3, zfCCR6-1, zfCCR6-2, zfCCR8-2 contain one exon, and two exons were identified for zfCCR2-1, zfCCR2-2, zfCCR4 and zfCCRLI-1, three exons for zfCCR3-2, zfCCR5 and zfCCR7, four exons for zfCCR8-1 and zfCCR9-1. The expression analyses showed that in zebrafish, most C-C chemokine receptor genes Were expressed in fertilized eggs and oocytes, and all the receptor genes were expressed in larval stages. The zfCCR2-2, zfCCR3-1, zfCCR4 and zfCCR6-2 genes were expressed in all normal organs examined, whereas not for zfCCR2-1, zfCCR3-3, zfCCR6-1, zfCCR8-1, zfCCR9-2 and zfCCRL1-2. The expression of zfCCR3-2, zfCCR5, zfCCR7, zfCCR9-1 and zfCCRLI-1 were detected in the majority organs. and zfCCR8-2 and zfCCR8-3 detected only in brain. The differential expression pattern of different paralogues in organs may indicate their difference in function, which requires further investigation. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Effect of cycles of feed deprivation on growth and food consumption of immature three-spined sticklebacks and European minnows

Individual juvenile three-spined sticklebacks Gasterosteus aculeatus and European minnow Phoxinus phoxinus, from sympatric populations, were subjected to four cycles of I week of food deprivation and 2 weeks of ad libitum feeding. Mean specific growth rate during the weeks of deprivation was negative and did not differ between species. The three-spined stickleback showed sufficient growth compensation to recover to the growth trajectory shown by control fish daily fed ad libitum. The compensation was generated by hyperphagia during the re-feeding periods, and in the last two periods of re-feeding, the gross growth efficiencies of deprived three-spined sticklebacks were greater than in control fish. The expression of the compensatory changes in growth and food consumption became clearer over the successive periods of re-feeding. The European minnow developed only a weak compensatory growth response and the mass trajectory of the deprived fish deviated more and more from the control trajectory During re-feeding periods, there were no significant differences in food consumption or gross growth efficiency between control and deprived European minnows. The differences between the two species are discussed in terms of the possible costs of compensatory growth, the control of growth and differences in feeding biology (C) 2003 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles.

Comparison of compensatory growth responses of juvenile three-spined stickleback and minnow following similar food deprivation protocols

The compensatory growth responses of individual juveniles of two co-existing species were compared after identical periods of starvation to determine inter-specific similarities and differences. The carnivorous stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus was compared with the omnivorous minnow Phoxinus phoxinus. Both species experienced 1 or 2 weeks of starvation before being re-fed ad libitum. The two species differed in their response to the starvation periods, with minnows showing a lower weight-specific loss. Both species showed compensatory responses in appetite, growth and to a lesser extent, growth efficiency. Minnows wholly compensated for 1 and 2 weeks of starvation. At the end of the experiment, sticklebacks starved For 2 weeks were still showing a compensatory response and had nut achieved full compensation. The compensatory responses of the sticklebacks showed a lag of a week before developing in the re-feeding phase, whereas the response of the minnows was immediate. Analysis of lipid and dry matter concentrations suggested that the compensatory response restored reserve lipids while also bringing the fish back to the growth trajectory of continuously fed fish. (C) 2001 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles.

ON PARADICRANOPHORUS-ACULEATUS (NEISTWESTNOVA-SHADINA, 1935) WITH REMARKS ON ALL OTHER SPECIES OF THE GENUS (ROTIFERA, DICRANOPHORIDAE)

In 1934, the rotifer Paradicranophorus aculeatus was discovered by NEISTWESTNOVA-SHADINA in the River Oka near Murom (Russia). She described it as a Dicranophorus species. In 1958, the rheophilic rotifer was rediscovered in the Polish River Grabia by PAWLOWSKI. This paper reports a third occurence in three samples from the Yun Nan Luoxiao River in China, allowing additional studies of this rare species.

人工诱导白鲫(♀)×红鲤(■)异源四倍体鱼的初步研究

<正> 人工诱导鱼类多倍体是动物染色体工程的重要课题。鉴于三倍体鱼的不育性和成活率高、生长快等特点,国内外采用理化手段直接诱导三倍体鱼已在三棘刺鱼(Gasterosleus aculeatus(L.))、鲽鱼(Pleuronectes platessa)、鲤鱼(Cyprinus carpio L.)、草鱼(Ctenopharyngodonidellus)、草鱼(♀)×团头鲂(Megalobrama amblycephala)(♂)杂种,以及白鲢(Hypophthalmichthysmolitrix),等十

Compensatory growth response in three-spined stickleback in relation to feed-deprivation protocols

Different protocols of food deprivation were used to bring two groups of juvenile three-spined sticklebacks Gaslerosteus aculeatus to the same reduced body mass in comparison with a control group fed daily ad libitum. One group experienced I week or deprivation then 2 weeks on maintenance rations. The second group experienced I week of ad lithium feeding followed by 2 weeks of deprivation. The deprived groups were reduced to a mean mass ore. 80% of controls. The compensatory growth response shown when ad libitum feeding was resumed was independent of the trajectory by which the three-spined sticklebacks had reached the reduced body mass. The compensatory response was Sufficient to return the deprived groups to the mass and length trajectories shown by the control group within 4 weeks. There was full compensation for dry mass and total lipid, but incomplete compensation for lipid-free dry mass. Hyperphagia and increased growth efficiency were present in the re-feeding phase, but there was a lag of a week before the hyperphagia was established. The consistency of the compensatory response of immature three-spined sticklebacks provides a potential model system for the analysis and prediction of appetite and growth in teleosts. (C) 2003 The Fisheries Society of the British isles.

长江口北港和北支浮游动物群落生态学比较研究

浮游动物是河口生态系统的重要组成部分，在食物网中，浮游动物是浮游植物捕食者，对浮游植物有摄食压力，所以控制浮游植物数量的增长。同时，浮游动物还是鱼类的饵料，从而影响渔业资源的数量。长江口是各种经济鱼、虾和蟹的重要产卵场、索饵场和洄游场。长江口各个分汊的分流量的差异较大，导致不同分汊的水文环境明显不同，其中最为明显就是北港和北支水域。然而以往对浮游动物的研究仅限于某一水域，没有对整体水域进行研究，本文选择最具代表性的北港和北支水域，对两水域浮游动物的群落生态特征进行比较研究。 本论文的数据来源于2004年5、8、11月和2005年2月在长江口北港和北支水域4个航次的海洋综合调查资料。通过采用优势度和优势种贡献率等生态学指标，同时结合逐步回归分析，讨论了温、盐与浮游动物总丰度变化的关系。结果表明，就四季而言，浮游动物总丰度和盐度呈显著正相关，和温度负相关。而就单个季节而言，除了5月和2月落潮，总丰度和盐度均呈显著正相关，与温度相关关系不显著。调查水域优势种主要为河口半咸水种或近海种。北港的盐度约为0-5, 表现为长江淡水特征；北支的盐度约为12-28，表现为长江径流和外海水团混合水团的特征。上述优势种的盐度适应和水团分布特征决定了长江口浮游动物分布的时空变化，即盐度较高的水域往往有较高的丰度，北支的总丰度和生物量均大于北港。此外，在长江口口内水域，水温较低的枯水期，浮游动物丰度高于水温较高的丰水期，温度的季节波动，以及主要优势种中华华哲水蚤（Sinocalanus sinensis）对低温环境的适应，是调查水域浮游动物总丰度季节变化的重要因素。 另一方面，本论文通过物种多样性、累积优势度曲线等群落水平的指标和相似性检验分析（ANOSIM），对长江口北港和北支浮游动物群落及其主要优势种的差异，以及主要生态因子对浮游动物群落的影响进行了分析。结果表明，北港主要由潮汐影响的淡水和低盐水组成，北支由中、高盐水组成。春季，北港浮游动物丰度和多样性均低于北支，主要优势种为中华华哲水蚤；北支优势种种数较多，主要是真刺唇角水蚤（Labidocera euchaeta）。夏季，北港和北支的多样性较接近，但是种类组成差别较大，北港以中华华哲水蚤和太平洋纺锤水蚤（Acartia pacifica）为主构成河口半咸水群落，北支以由火腿许水蚤（Schmackeria poplesia）、虫肢歪水蚤（Tortanus vermiculus）和太平洋纺锤水蚤等构成河口低盐群落。秋季，北港的丰度和多样性均低于北支，两个水域的群落差异明显，北港主要由中华华哲水蚤构成，北支由小拟哲水蚤（Paracalanus parvus）、针刺拟哲水蚤（Paracalanus aculeatus）、真刺唇角水蚤和中华哲水蚤（Calanus sinicus）等近岸和外海种组成。冬季，两个水域种数和多样性均较低，群落差别达四季最小，中华华哲水蚤占绝对优势。温度和盐度及其相互作用是决定长江口浮游动物群落特征的最主要因素。其中温度是造成研究水域浮游动物群落季节变化的主要因素，而由径流和外海水之间的消长引起的盐度变化是造成北港和北支浮游动物群落区域变化的决定因素。