Avian comparative genomics: reciprocal chromosome painting between domestic chicken (Gallus gallus) and the stone curlew (Burhinus oedicnemus, Charadriiformes) - An atypical species with low diploid number

The chicken is the most extensively studied species in birds and thus constitutes an ideal reference for comparative genomics in birds. Comparative cytogenetic studies indicate that the chicken has retained many chromosome characters of the ancestral avia

中国家鸡的起源探讨

测定了6个家鸡品种30个个体的线粒体D-环区539bp的碱基序列,并与GenBank中的红原鸡、灰原鸡、绿原鸡、黑尾原鸡及鹌鹑的相应序列作比较分析,构建了分子系统树。结果表明,原鸡属4个种间差异较大,其中家鸡与泰国及邻近地区红原鸡关系最近,与印尼红原鸡、黑尾原鸡、灰原鸡、绿原鸡及鹌鹑的关系依次变远。提示中国家鸡可能起源于泰国及邻近地区的红原鸡。结果还显示,该地区红原鸡的两个亚种(G.g.gallus和G.g.spadiceus)间的遗传分化程度显著低于家鸡亚种内的分化程度,这两个亚种似乎可以归为同一亚种。

The origin and genetic diversity of Chinese native chicken breeds

The first 539 bases of mitochondrial DNA D-loop region of six Chinese native chicken breeds (Gallus gallus domesticus) were sequenced and compared to those of the red junglefowl (Gallus gallus), the gray junglefowl (Gallus sonneratii), the green junglefow

A mitogenomic perspective on the ancient, rapid radiation in the Galliformes with an emphasis on the Phasianidae

Background: The Galliformes is a well-known and widely distributed Order in Aves. The phylogenetic relationships of galliform birds, especially the turkeys, grouse, chickens, quails, and pheasants, have been studied intensively, likely because of their close association with humans. Despite extensive studies, convergent morphological evolution and rapid radiation have resulted in conflicting hypotheses of phylogenetic relationships. Many internal nodes have remained ambiguous. Results: We analyzed the complete mitochondrial (mt) genomes from 34 galliform species, including 14 new mt genomes and 20 published mt genomes, and obtained a single, robust tree. Most of the internal branches were relatively short and the terminal branches long suggesting an ancient, rapid radiation. The Megapodiidae formed the sister group to all other galliforms, followed in sequence by the Cracidae, Odontophoridae and Numididae. The remaining clade included the Phasianidae, Tetraonidae and Meleagrididae. The genus Arborophila was the sister group of the remaining taxa followed by Polyplectron. This was followed by two major clades: ((((Gallus, Bambusicola) Francolinus) (Coturnix, Alectoris)) Pavo) and (((((((Chrysolophus, Phasianus) Lophura) Syrmaticus) Perdix) Pucrasia) (Meleagris, Bonasa)) ((Lophophorus, Tetraophasis) Tragopan))). Conclusions: The traditional hypothesis of monophyletic lineages of pheasants, partridges, peafowls and tragopans was not supported in this study. Mitogenomic analyses recovered robust phylogenetic relationships and suggested that the Galliformes formed a model group for the study of morphological and behavioral evolution.

四种雉骨骼系统的比较及数值分类研究

作者通过对原鸡(Gallus gallus)、环颈雉(Phasianus colchicus)、白腹锦鸡(Chrysolophus amherstiae)和红腹锦鸡(Chrysolophus pictus)3属4种骨骼系统进行比较研究，在本文中阐明了属间及种间在骨骼系统上的区别；根据48个骨骼性状的测量值，运用数值分类学的原理和方法对3属4种22个标本进行了聚类分析；并探讨了属间的亲缘关系以及锦鸡属的种级分类问题。主要结论如下：1. 原鸡属、雉属及锦鸡属之间骨骼系统有较大的差异：原鸡属和雉属的眶后突先端与颧突先端愈合呈弓形，龙骨突发达；锦鸡属的眶后突先端与颧突先端不愈合，龙骨突不甚发达。锦鸡属与原鸡属的胫跗骨较长，而雉属较短。2. 锦鸡属两个种的骨骼形状极相似，但尺骨的长度存在着显著差异。3. 在聚类过程中，当欧氏距离为13.0012时，雉属与原鸡属先聚合，当欧氏距离为15.3379时，两者再与锦鸡属聚合。4. 根据骨骼形态及聚类分析结果，作者认为雉属与原鸡属的亲缘关系可能更接近一些，而锦鸡属可能是雉族中一个特化而孤立的属。5. 作者认为锦鸡属的白腹锦鸡和红腹锦鸡在分类地位上，作为分化较晚，亲缘关系极其密切的两个种可能更合适一些。