automatic construction of finite algebras

This paper deals withmodel generation for equational theories, i.e., automatically generating (finite) models of a given set of (logical) equations. Our method of finite model generation and a tool for automatic construction of finite algebras is described. Some examples are given to show the applications of our program. We argue that, the combination of model generators and theorem provers enables us to get a better understanding of logical theories. A brief comparison between our tool and other similar tools is also presented.

constructing finite algebras with falcon

The generation of models and counterexamples is an important form of reasoning. In this paper, we give a formal account of a system, called FALCON, for constructing finite algebras from given equational axioms. The abstract algorithms, as well as some implementation details and sample applications, are presented. The generation of finite models is viewed as a constraint satisfaction problem, with ground instances of the axioms as constraints. One feature of the system is that it employs a very simple technique, called the least number heuristic, to eliminate isomorphic (partial) models, thus reducing the size of the search space. The correctness of the heuristic is proved. Some experimental data are given to show the performance and applications of the system.

Growth and characterization of GaInNAs/GaAs by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy

We have studied the growth of GaInNAs/GaAs quantum well (QW) by molecular beam epitaxy using a DC plasma as the N sourer. The N concentration was independent of the As pressure and the In concentration, but inversely proportional to the growth rate. It was almost independent of T, over the range of 400-500 degreesC, but dropped rapidly when T-g exceeded 500 degreesC. Thermally-activated N surface segregation is considered to account for the strong falloff of the N concentration. As increasing N concentration, the steep absorption edge of the photovoltage spectra of GaInNAs/GaAs QW became gentle, the full-width at half-maximum of the photoluminescence (PL) peal; increased rapidly, and a so-called S-shaped temperature dependence of PL peak energy showed up. All these were attributed to the increasing localized state as N concentration. Ion-induced damage was one of the origins of the localized state. A rapid thermal annealing procedure could effectively remote the localized state. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science D.V. All rights reserved.

黄土丘陵区不同土地利用方式对土壤含水率的影响

在干旱半干旱地区,土壤含水率是影响作物生长和植被恢复的重要因子。采用土钻法对黄土丘陵区典型流域不同土地利用方式下土壤含水率进行了比较。结果表明,农田土壤含水率显著较高,这与农田坡度较小及梯田建设有关,还与农作物蒸腾耗水相对较小有关。林地、灌木地和草地土壤含水率相对较低,且相互间无显著差别。黄土丘陵区土壤含水率主要受坡度和土壤稳定入渗速率的影响。但草地土壤含水率还与坡向及年生物量有关。土壤水分分布格局与该区土层深厚, 地下水埋藏较深,土壤水分收入主要受降雨的补给有关。因此,该区农田建设应在坡度较小(<10°)的地形上进行,并优先考虑梯田。坡度较大的地方应以天然灌木和草本群落的保育为主。人工乔灌林只适宜在沟道等水分条件较好的地方种植。

Growth and characterization of GaInNAs/GaAs by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy

We have studied the growth of GaInNAs/GaAs quantum well (QW) by molecular beam epitaxy using a DC plasma as the N sourer. The N concentration was independent of the As pressure and the In concentration, but inversely proportional to the growth rate. It was almost independent of T, over the range of 400-500 degreesC, but dropped rapidly when T-g exceeded 500 degreesC. Thermally-activated N surface segregation is considered to account for the strong falloff of the N concentration. As increasing N concentration, the steep absorption edge of the photovoltage spectra of GaInNAs/GaAs QW became gentle, the full-width at half-maximum of the photoluminescence (PL) peal; increased rapidly, and a so-called S-shaped temperature dependence of PL peak energy showed up. All these were attributed to the increasing localized state as N concentration. Ion-induced damage was one of the origins of the localized state. A rapid thermal annealing procedure could effectively remote the localized state. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science D.V. All rights reserved.

A study on water film in saturated sand

Water film can serve as a sliding surface and cause landslides on gentle slopes. The development of "water film" in saturated sand is analyzed numerically and theoretically based on a quasi-three-phase model. It is shown that stable water films initiate and grow if the choking state (where the fluid velocity decreases to near zero) remains steady in a liquefied sand column. Discontinuity can occur in pore water velocity, grain velocity and pore pressure after the initiation of a water film. However, the discontinuity and water film can disappear once the choking state is changed. The key to the formation of water film is the choking in the sand column caused by eroded fine grains.

黄土丘陵沟壑区不同降水年型下土壤水分动态

采用定位监测法,对黄土丘陵沟壑区不同降水年型下旱农坡地、刺槐林、沙棘灌丛和白羊草地土壤水分的时空变化规律进行了分析.结果表明,降水年型对研究区不同植被类型土壤水分的季节变化和剖面垂直变化均有一定影响.旱农坡地平水年土壤水分的季节变化平缓;枯水年雨季前土壤水分缓慢减小,雨季后显著增加;丰水年则整体增加,且雨季后增加明显.刺槐林、沙棘灌丛和白羊草地平水年土壤水分的季节变化表现为整体降低;枯水年沙棘灌丛土壤水分先减后增,刺槐林与白羊草地呈"W"型曲线变化,两个最低值均出现在6月和8月;丰水年沙棘灌丛和刺槐林土壤水分的季节变化呈"V"型,白羊草地的波动较大,最低值出现在8月.旱农坡地枯水年的土壤水分活跃层和次活跃层深度较平水年下移,丰水年次活跃层消失;丰水年和枯水年,刺槐林和白羊草地土壤水分活跃层深度均较平水年下移,沙棘灌丛则上移.

STUDY ON THE SPATIAL PATTERNS OF LAND-USE CHANGE AND ANALYSES OF DRIVING FORCES IN NORTHEASTERN CHINA DURING 1990-2000

Land-use change is an important aspect of global environment change. It is, in a sense, the direct result of human activities influencing our physical environment. Supported by the dynamic serving system of national resources, including both the environment database and GIS technology, this paper analyzed the land-use change in northeastern China in the past ten years (1990 - 2000). It divides northeastern China into five land-use zones based on the dynamic degree (DD) of land-use: woodland/grassland - arable land conversion zone, dry land - paddy field conversion zone, urban expansion zone, interlocked zone of farming and pasturing, and reclamation and abandoned zone. In the past ten years, land-use change of northeastern China can be generalized as follows: increase of cropland area was obvious, paddy field and dry land increased by 74. 9 and 276. 0 thousand ha respectively; urban area expanded rapidly, area of town and rural residence increased by 76. 8 thousand ha; area of forest and grassland decreased sharply with the amount of 1399. 0 and 1521. 3 thousand ha respectively; area of water body and unused land increased by 148. 4 and 513. 9 thousand ha respectively. Besides a comprehensive analysis of the spatial patterns of land use, this paper also discusses the driving forces in each land-use dynamic zones. The study shows that some key biophysical factors affect conspicuously the conversion of different land- use types. In this paper, the relationships between land- use conversion and DEM, accnmlated temperature(>= 10 degrees C) and precipitation were analysed and represented. We conclude that the land- use changes in northeast China resulted from the change of macro social and economic factors and local physical elements. Rapid population growth and management changes, in some sense, can explain the shaping of woodland/grassland - cropland conversion zone. The conversion from dry land to paddy field in the dry land - paddy field conversion zone, apart from the physical elements change promoting the expansion of paddy field, results from two reasons: one is that the implementation of market-economy in China has given farmers the right to decide what they plant and how they plant their crops, the other factor is originated partially from the change of dietary habit with the social and economic development. The conversion from paddy field to dry land is caused primarily by the shortfall of irrigation water, which in turn is caused by poor water allocation managed by local governments. The shaping of the reclamation and abandoned zone is partially due to the lack of environment protection consciousness among pioneer settlers. The reason for the conversion from grassland to cropland is the relatively higher profits of fanning than that of pasturing in the interlocked zone of farming and pasturing. In northeastern China, the rapid expansion of built-up areas results from two factors: the first is its small number of towns; the second comes from the huge potential for expansion of existing towns and cities. It is noticeable that urban expansion in the northeastern China is characterized by gentle topographic relief and low population density. Physiognomy, transportation and economy exert great influences on the urban expansion.

Determination of fractional energy loss of waves in nearshore waters using an improved high-order Boussinesq-type model

Fractional energy losses of waves due to wave breaking when passing over a submerged bar are studied systematically using a modified numerical code that is based on the high-order Boussinesq-type equations. The model is first tested by the additional experimental data, and the model's capability of simulating the wave transformation over both gentle slope and steep slope is demonstrated. Then, the model's breaking index is replaced and tested. The new breaking index, which is optimized from the several breaking indices, is not sensitive to the spatial grid length and includes the bottom slopes. Numerical tests show that the modified model with the new breaking index is more stable and efficient for the shallow-water wave breaking. Finally, the modified model is used to study the fractional energy losses for the regular waves propagating and breaking over a submerged bar. Our results have revealed that how the nonlinearity and the dispersion of the incident waves as well as the dimensionless bar height (normalized by water depth) dominate the fractional energy losses. It is also found that the bar slope (limited to gentle slopes that less than 1:10) and the dimensionless bar length (normalized by incident wave length) have negligible effects on the fractional energy losses.

鄂尔多斯盆地志丹地区延长组储层综合评价

Sedimentary provenance direction，sedimentary facies，reservoir geological characteristic，pore structure； physical property characteristic，reservoir classification and evaluation ，forthermore，favorable area area are forecasted of Yanchang formation in ZhiDan region， by mainly study on the data of field section observation ，core observation, well logging explaination and routine microscope slice identification，scanning Electron Microscope and reservoir analysis of lithology and physical property , Under the guidance of such advanced theories and methods as sedimentology，reservoir sedimentology，lithological oil pool and so on，in the thesis. The following fruits are mainly achieved in this paper： Yanchang formation stratum is divided and correlated in this entire region， and the characteristic of oil layer unit is detailed discussed , respectively. According to main marker bed and supplementary ones.and research result shows that the source of provenance direction during Yanchang Formation mianly is north-east. Delta and lake are mainly developed in study area ，sub-facies and micro-facies are divided，distribution of sedimentary micro-facies in plane and palaeogeographic evolution are described，and gentle slope type- shallow water delta depositional model is established. Fine-grain arkose sandstone is the main reservoir，and which have experienced such different degree diagenesis as compaction, cementation, replacement and dissolution, and in which compaction and cementation are mainly factors to reduce sandstone physical property and dissolution effectively improved physical property during burial diagenesis procedure. All reservoirs of Yanchang Formation have entered A period of late diagenetic stage according to scheme of diagenesis period division . Intergranular porosity，dissolution porosity，fissure porosity are main pore types. And porosity structure are analyse by mercury penetration capillary pressure parameter，fine-shortness type and fine- length throat type are mainly developed. as a whole，the reservoir， with the characteristic of porosity and permeability altering apparently，strong inhomogeneity ， is a medium- porosity and medium permeability one. In plane，higher- porosity and higher-permeability are corresponded well with distributary channel area， physical property and inhomogeneity are affected by both deposition and diagenesis，and distributary channel and underwater distributary channel are favorable facies . According to such characteristic as lithology，physical property，pore structure ，diagenesis and sandstone distribution, the sandy reservoir can be classified 4 types, and the main sandy in every oil layer unit are evaluated according to the standard. The analysis result of petroleum concentration rule shows that Yanchang Formation are with not only favourable oil source rock，reservoir，covering combination ，but also good entrapment condition in study area. Lithology and structure-lithology oil pool are mainly developed ，based on condition of favorable reservoir developments，accounting for deliverability and sandstone superface elevation，zone of profitabilitis are forecasted.

博兴洼陷西部砂体成因与油气成藏研究

Based on achievements of thirty years of hydrocarbon exploration, this paper uses the modern theories and methods of sedimentology and oil accumulation to study the origin and distribution features of four sandbodies of Gaoqing, Fanjia, Zhenglizhuang and Jinjia from the third member to the lower second member of Shahejie Formation in detail. Various geophysical methods are also used to explain and to predict the spatial distribution of sandbodies, which further shows mechanism and the model of oil accumulation and illuminates the disciplinarians of oil enrichment and its controlling factors in the study area. The most favourable oil pools predicted by this paper have significant economic and social benefits, which has been confirmed by the exploration. The main conclusions and knowledge includes: (1) Resolving the problems, which remain unresolvable for a long time in the western area of Boxing depression, about the original environment and the spatial distribution of sandbodies of Gaoqing, Fanjia, Zhenglizhuang and Jinjia, and illuminating their relationships. It is suggested that two deltas or delta-related sandbody sediments, which include the delta sandbodies of Jinjia and Gaoqing and their frontal turbidite fan sandbody, are developed in the second and third members of Shahejie Formation. The sandbodies of Fanjia, Gaoqing and Zhenglizhuang are components of Gaoqing delta and belong to the sediments of various periods in different part of the delta. Whereas, the sandbody of Jinjia belong to the Jinjia delta or fan-delta created by the uplift of the Western Shandong and in some areas shows the features of juxtaposition, superimposed deposition and fingeration with the sandbodies of Gaoqing and Zhenglizhuang. (2)Proposing that the sandbodies of different origins in the deltas of Gaoqing and Jinjia have obvious different reservoir qualities, among which the delta frontal bedded sandbodies in the second member of Shahejie Formation in Zhenglizhuang are the best ones and the turbidite sandbody of Fanjia is relatively worse. This shows the direction of further reservoir prediction. (3) According to modern petroleum system theory and continental pool-formation theory, the author divided the western area of Boxing depression into the Jinjia—Zhenglizhuang—Fanjia nose structure belt pool-formation system and the Gaoqing fracture belt pool-formation system. The study area is predominantly located in the former belt and subdivided into pool-formation sub-systems of Zhenglizhuang-Fanjia and Jinjia, which have the source rock of mudstone and oil shale from the upper forth member and the third member of Shahejie Formation in Boxing depression. The hydrocarbon migration and accumulation are controlled by Jinjia-Zhenglizhuang-fanjia nose structure and Gaoqing fracture. (4)Proposing that compared with the best developed sandbodies and traps in the west area of Boxing, the source from the Boxing depression is not sufficient, which is the fundamental reason that the hydrocarbon resources in mid-west area is less than in the east of Boxing. (5) Under the direction of the new theory (fluid compartments theory) and new method of modern pool-formation mechanism, two kinds of pool-formation model are established in study, i.e. inner-compartment model and outer-compartment model. The former has abnormal pressure and is the antigenic source seal pool-forming mechanism, whereas the latter has normal pressure and is of the allochthonous source opening pool-formation mechanism. (6)The study shows that the four sandbodies of Gaoqing, Fanjia, Jinjia and Zhenglizhuang sand are all very benefit for pool-formation, among which the Fanjia sandbody is the best favourable one and is likely to form lithological reservoir and fault-lithological reservoir. But the main step of exploration in Gaoqing, Zhenglizhuang sandbodies should be finding out the fault block, reversed roof and stratum-lithological oil reservoir. (7)Established a set of guidelines and techniques for the research and exploration in the large scale of sandbodies. Proposing that the various traps related to reversed fault and basin-ward fault should be found in step slopes and gentle slopes respectively, and the lithological oil reservoir should mainly be found in the sandstone updip pinch out. It is also suggested that Fanjia sandbody is most favourable to form the lithological and fault-lithological and the Gaoqing, Zhenglizhuang and Jinjia sandbodies have the potential of forming fault block, reversed roof and stratum-lithological oil reservoir. (8) Interpretation and prediction the spatial distribution of main sandbodies based on various geophysical methods suggestion that Fanxi, Gao28 south and Gao27 east have better exploration potential.

断陷湖盆缓坡带成藏模式研究

Halfgraben-like depressions have multiple layers of subtle traps, multiple coverings of oil-bearing series and multiple types of reservoirs. But these reservoirs have features of strong concealment and are difficult to explore. For this reason, many scholars contribute efforts to study the pool-forming mechanism for this kind of basins, and establish the basis for reservoir exploration and development. However, further study is needed. This paper takes HuiMin depression as an example to study the pool-forming model for the gentle slope belts of fault-depression lake basins. Applying multi-discipline theory, methods and technologies including sedimentary geology, structural geology, log geology, seismic geology, rock mechanics and fluid mechanics, and furthermore applying the dynamo-static data of oil reservoir and computer means in maximum limitation, this paper, qualitatively and quantitatively studies the depositional system, structural framework, structural evolution, structural lithofacies and tectonic stress field, as well as fluid potential field, sealing and opening properties of controlling-oil faults and reservoir prediction, finally presents a pool-forming model, and develops a series of methods and technologies suited to the reservoir prediction of the gentle slope belt. The results obtained in this paper richen the pool-forming theory of a complex oil-gas accumulative area in the gentle slope belt of a continental fault-depression basin. The research work begins with the study of geometric shape of fracture system, then the structural form, activity stages and time-space juxtaposition of faults with different level and different quality are investigated. On the basis of study of the burial history, subsidence history and structural evolution history, this paper synthesizes the studied results of deposition system, analyses the structural lithofacies of the gentle slope belt in the HuiMing Depression and its controlling roles to oil reservoir in the different structural lithofacies belts in time-space, and presents their evolution patterns. The study of structural stress field and fluid potential field indicates that the stress field has a great change from the Dong Ying stages to nowadays. One marked point among them is that the Dong Ying double peak- shaped nose structures usually were the favorable directional area for oil and gas migration, while the QuDi horst became favorable directional area since the GuanTao stage. Based on the active regular of fractures and the information of crude oil saturation pressure, this paper firstly demonstrates that the pool-forming stages of the LingNan field were prior to the stages of the QuDi field, whici provides new eyereach and thinking for hydrocarbon exploration in the gentle slope belt. The BeiQiao-RenFeng buried hill belt is a high value area with the maximum stress values from beginning to end, thus it is a favorable directional area for oil and gas migration. The opening and sealing properties of fractures are studied. The results obtained demonstrate their difference in the hydrocarbon pool formation. The seal abilities relate not only with the quality, direction and scale of normal stress, with the interface between the rocks of two sides of a fault and with the shale smear factor (SSF), but they relate also with the juxtaposition of fault motion stage and hydrocarbon migration. In the HuiMin gentle slope belt, the fault seal has difference both in different stages, and in different location and depth in the same stage. The seal extent also displays much difference. Therefore, the fault seal has time-space difference. On the basis of study of fault seal history, together with the obtained achievement of structural stress field and fluid potential field, it is discovered that for the pool-forming process of oil and gas in the studied area the fault seal of nowadays is better than that of the Ed and Ng stages, it plays an important role to determine the oil column height and hydrocarbon preservation. However, the fault seal of the Ed and Ng stages has an important influence for the distribution state of oil and gas. Because the influential parameters are complicated and undefined, we adopt SSF in the research work. It well reflects synthetic effect of each parameter which influences fault seal. On the basis of the above studies, three systems of hydrocarbon migration and accumulation, as well as a pool-forming model are established for the gentle slope belt of the HuiMin depression, which can be applied for the prediction of regular patterns of oil-gas migration. Under guidance of the pool-forming geological model for the HuiMin slope belt, and taking seismic facies technology, log constraint evolution technology, pattern recognition of multiple parameter reservoir and discrimination technology of oil-bearing ability, this paper develops a set of methods and technologies suited to oil reservoir prediction of the gentle slope belt. Good economic benefit has been obtained.

东营凹陷下第三系岩性油气藏形成条件与预测

The Dongying depression, located in the northern part of the jiyang Sag in the Buohaiwan Basin, comprises one of the major oil-producing bases of the Shengli oil-field. The prediction and exploration of subtle or litho1ogical oil traps in the oil-field has become the major confronted target. This is also one of the frontier study areas in the highly-explored oil-bearing basins in East China and abroad. Based on the integrated analysis of the geological, seismic and logging data and the theories of sequence stratigraphy, tectono-stratigraphy and petroleum system, the paper has attempted to document the characteristics of the sequence stratigraphic and structural frameworks of the low Tertiary, the syndepositional faults and their control on deposition, and then to investigate the forming conditions and distribution of the tithological oil traps in the depression. The study has set up a set of analysis methods, which can be used to effectively analysis the sequence stratigraphy of inland basins and predict the distribution of sandstone reservoirs in the basins. The major achievements of the study are as follows: 1. The low Tertiary can be divided into 4 second-order sequences and 13 third-order sequences, and the systems tracts in the third-order sequences have been also identified based on the examination and correction of well logging data and seismic profiles. At the same time, the parasequences and their stacking pattern in the deltaic systems of the third member of the Shahejie Formation have been recognized in the key study area. It has been documented that the genetic relation of different order sequences to tectonic, climatic and sediment supply changes. The study suggested that the formation of the second-order sequences was related to multiple rifting, while the activity of the syndepositional faults controlled the stacking pattern of parasequences of the axial deltaic system in the depression. 2. A number of depositional facies have been recognized in the low Tertiary on the basis of seismic facies and well logging analysis. They include alluvial fan, fan delta or braided delta, axial delta, lowstand fan, lacustrine and gravity flow deposits. The lacustrine lowstand fan deposits are firstly recognized in the depression, and their facies architecture and distribution have been investigated. The study has shown that the lowstand fan deposits are the important sandstone reservoirs as lithological oil traps in the depression. 3. The mapping of depositional systems within sequences has revealed the time and special distrbution of depositional systems developed in the basin. It is pointed out that major elastic systems comprise the northern marginal depositional systems consisting of alluvial fan, fan delta and offshore lowstand fan deposits, the southern gentle slope elastic deposits composed of shallow lacustrine, braided delta and lowstand fan deposits and the axial deltaic systems including those from eastern and western ends of the depression. 4. The genetic relationship between the syndepositional faults and the distribution of sandstones has been studied in the paper, upper on the analysis of structural framework and syndepositional fault systems in the depression. The concept of structural slope-break has been firstly introduced into the study and the role of syndepositional faults controlling the development of sequence architecture and distribution of sandstones along the hinged and faulted margins have been widely investigated. It is suggested that structural styles of the structural slope-break controlled the distribution of lowstand fan deposits and formed a favorable zone for the formation of lithological or structure-lithological oil traps in the basin. 5. The paper has made a deep investigation into the forming condition and processes of the lithological traps in the depression, based the analysis of composition of reservoir, seal and resource rocks. It is pointed out that there were two major oil pool-forming periods, namely the end of the Dongying and Guangtao periods, and the later one is the most important. 6. The study has finally predicted a number of favorable targets for exploration of lithologieal traps in the depression. Most of them have been drilled and made great succeed with new discovered thousands tons of raw oil reserves.

孤北洼陷沙三-沙四段隐蔽油藏形成机制及其预测

Based on the study of sequence stratigraphy, modern sedimentary, basin analysis, and petroleum system in Gubei depression, this paper builds high resolution sequence stratigraphic structure, sedimentary system, sandbody distribution, the effect of tectonic in sequence and sedimentary system evolution and model of tectonic-lithofacies. The pool formation mechanism of subtle trap is developed. There are some conclusions and views as follows. 1.With the synthetic sequence analysis of drilling, seismic, and well log, the highly resolution sequence structure is build in Gubei depression. They are divided two secondary sequences and seven three-order sequences in Shahejie formation. They are include 4 kinds of system traces and 7 kinds of sedimentary systems which are alluvial fan, under water fan, alluvial fan and fan-delta, fan-delta, lacustrine-fan, fluvial-delta-turbidite, lakeshore beach and bar, and deep lake system. Sandbody distribution is show base on third order sequence. 2.Based on a lot of experiment and well log, it is point out that there are many types of pore in reservoir with the styles of corrosion pore, weak cementing, matrix cementing, impure filling, and 7 kinds of diagenetic facies. These reservoirs are evaluated by lateral and profile characteristics of diagenetic facies and reservoir properties. 3.The effect of simultaneous faulting on sediment process is analyzed from abrupt slope, gentle slope, and hollow zone. The 4 kinds of tectonic lithofacies models are developed in several periods in Gubei depression; the regional distribution of subtle trap is predicted by hydro accumulation characteristics of different tectonic lithofacies. 4.There are 4 types of compacting process, which are normal compaction, abnormal high pressure, abnormal low pressure and complex abnormal pressure. The domain type is normal compaction that locates any area of depression, but normal high pressure is located only deep hollow zone (depth more than 3000m), abnormal low pressures are located gentle slope and faulted abrupt slope (depth between 1200~2500m). 5.Two types dynamic systems of pool formation (enclosed and partly enclosed system) are recognized. They are composed by which source rocks are from Es3 and Es4, cap rocks are deep lacustrine shale of Esl and Es3, and sandstone reservoirs are 7 kinds of sedimentary system in Es3 and Es4. According to theory of petroleum system, two petroleum systems are divided in Es3 and Es4 of Gubei depression, which are high or normal pressure self-source system and normal or low pressure external-source system. 6.There are 3 kinds of combination model of pool formation, the first is litholgical pool of inner depression (high or normal pressure self-source type), the second is fault block or fault nose pool in marginal of depression (normal type), the third is fault block-lithological pool of central low lifted block (high or normal pressure type). The lithological pool is located central of depression, other pool are located gentle or abrupt slope that are controlled by lithological, faulting, unconfirmed. 7.This paper raise a new technique and process of exploration subtle trap which include geological modeling, coring description and logging recognition, and well log constrained inversion. These are composed to method and theory of predicting subtle trap. Application these methods and techniques, 6 hydro objects are predicted in three zone of depression.

东营凹陷岩性油气藏成藏动力学机制和预测

This paper is belonging to Chinese Petrochemical Industry Corporation's key project. Although it is very difficult, it has important theoretical and practical value. Its targets is to make lithological petroleum pool exploration great breakthrough in Dongying sag, by applying advanced theories, the last-minute methods and technology in highly explored zones. By using synthetically multi- discipline theories, methods and technology such as petroleum geology, sedimentology, structure geology, rock mechanics, dynamics of petroleum pool formation, geochemistry, geophysics and so on, and by making full use of computer , the process of petroleum pool forming and distribution rules of lithological petroleum pools have been thoroughly investigated and analyzed in sharp-slope, gentle-slope as well as low-lying region of Dongying sag including dynamic and static. With the study of tectonic stress field, fluid potential field and pressure field, we revealed dynamics condition, distribution rule, control factors and petroleum forming mechanism of lithological pool, and established the forming mode of lithological pool of Dongying sag. The main conclusion as follow: Strata framework, structure framework and sedimentary system of Dongying sag have been established which were the basis of petroleum prediction. There are three kinds of oil source which were from Es4,Es3 and mixed type, also three petroleum forming phases which were the telophase of Dongying stage, Guantao stage and Minghuazhen group, which occur in different geological environment. By using of most advanced numerical modeling software, the space distribution and time evolve of stress field and fluid potential field have been revealed from Esl up to the present. The region with low earth stress and low fluid potential were enrichment region of lithological petroleum pool and fault-block pool. The dynamics mechanism of Lithological petroleum pool in Dongying sag was collocating seal box, abnormity pressure, index number of petroleum forming and static factors on time and space, which was the most important factor of controlling petroleum pool forming, distribution and enrichment. The multi phase active and evolve of seal and unseal about different order fault were main factors of controlling petroleum pool forming of Dongying sag, which have important value for predicting lithological petroleum pool. It is revealed the lithological petroleum pool forming mode that included respective character, forming mechanism and distribution rule in four structural belt, which was a base for lithological petroleum pool prediction. The theories, technology and methods of studying, description, characterize and prediction lithological petroleum pool were established, which have important popularization value. Several lithological pool have been predicted in stress transform, zone, abrupt slope zone, fractured surface changed zone, tosional stress growth zone and abnormity pressure zone with noticeable economic benefit after exploration.