194 resultados para G.

em Chinese Academy of Sciences Institutional Repositories Grid Portal


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In the present paper the rarefied gas how caused by the sudden change of the wall temperature and the Rayleigh problem are simulated by the DSMC method which has been validated by experiments both in global flour field and velocity distribution function level. The comparison of the simulated results with the accurate numerical solutions of the B-G-K model equation shows that near equilibrium the BG-K equation with corrected collision frequency can give accurate result but as farther away from equilibrium the B-G-K equation is not accurate. This is for the first time that the error caused by the B-G-K model equation has been revealed.

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An immunosensor interface based on mixed hydrophobic self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of methyl and carboxylic acid terminated thiols with covalently attached human Immunoglobulin G (hIgG), is investigated. The densely packed and organised SAMs were characterised by contact angle measurements and cyclic voltammetry. The effect of the non-ionic surfactant, Tween 20, in preventing nonspecific adsorption is addressed by ellipsometry during physical and covalent hIgG immobilization on pure and mixed SAMs, respectively. It is clearly demonstrated that nonspecific adsorption due to hydrophobic interactions of hIgG on methyl ended groups is totally inhibited, whereas electrostatic/hydrogen bonding interactions with the exposed carboxylic groups prevail in the presence of surfactant. Results of ellipsometry and Atomic Force Microscopy, reveal that the surface concentration of covalently immobilized hIgG is determined by the ratio of COOH/CH3-terminated thiols in SAM forming solution. Moreover, the ellipsometric data demonstrates that the ratio of bound anti-hIgG/hIgG depends on the density of hIgG on the surface and that the highest ratio is close to three. We also report the selectivity and high sensitivity achieved by chronoamperometry in the detection of adsorbed hIgG and the reaction with its antibody.

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The g-jitter effects on the thermocapillary convection in liquid bridge of floating half zone were studied by numerical simulation for unsteady and axi-symmetric model in the cylindrical coordinate system. The g-jitter field was given by a steady microgravity field in addition to an oscillatory low-gravity field, and the effects on the flow field, temperature distribution and free surface deformation were analyzed numerically.

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The g-jitter influence on thermocapillary convection and critical Marangoni number in a liquid bridge of half-floating rone was discussed in the low frequency range of 0.4 to 1.5 Hz in a previous paper. This paper extended the experiments to the intermediate frequency range of 2 to 18 Hz, which htrs often been recorded as vibration environment of spacecrafts. The experiment was completed on the deck of a vibration machine, which gave a periodical applied acceleration to simulate the effects of g-jitter. The experimental results in the intermediate frequency range are different from that in the low frequency range. The velocity field and the shape of the free surface have periodical fluctuations in response to g-jitter. The amplitude of the periodical varying part of the temperature response decreases obviously with increasing frequency of g-jitter and vanishes almost when the frequency of g-jitter is high enough. The critical Marangoni number is defined to describe the transition from a periodical convection in response to g-jitter to an oscillatory convection due to internal instability, and will increase with increasing g-jitter frequency. According to the spectral analysis, it can be found that the oscillatory part of temperature is a superposition of two harmonic waves if the Marangoni number is larger than a critical value.

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A half floating zone is fixed on a vibrational deck, which supports a periodical applied acceleration to simulate the effect of g-jitter. This paper deals with the effects of g-jitter on the fluid fields and the critical Marangoni number, which describes the transition from a forced oscillation of thermocapillary convection into an instability oscillatory convection in a liquid bridge of half floating zone with top rod heated. The responses of g-jitter field on the temperature profiles and flow pattern in the liquid bridge were obtained experimentally. The results indicated that the critical Marangoni number decreases with the increasing of g-jitter effect and is slightly smaller for higher frequency of g-jitter with fixed strength of applied gravity.

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<span style="color: #2e2e2e; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Arial Unicode', Arial, 'URW Gothic L', Helvetica, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify; word-spacing: -1px">Optimized trial functions are used in quantum Monte Carlo and variational Monte Carlo calculations of the Li</span><sub style="border: 0px; font-size: 0.75em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 0; color: #2e2e2e; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Arial Unicode', Arial, 'URW Gothic L', Helvetica, Tahoma, sans-serif; text-align: justify; word-spacing: -1px">2</sub><span style="color: #2e2e2e; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Arial Unicode', Arial, 'URW Gothic L', Helvetica, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify; word-spacing: -1px">(X&nbsp;</span><sup style="border: 0px; font-size: 0.75em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 0; color: #2e2e2e; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Arial Unicode', Arial, 'URW Gothic L', Helvetica, Tahoma, sans-serif; text-align: justify; word-spacing: -1px">1</sup><span style="color: #2e2e2e; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Arial Unicode', Arial, 'URW Gothic L', Helvetica, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify; word-spacing: -1px">&Sigma;</span><sup style="border: 0px; font-size: 0.75em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 0; color: #2e2e2e; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Arial Unicode', Arial, 'URW Gothic L', Helvetica, Tahoma, sans-serif; text-align: justify; word-spacing: -1px">+</sup><sub style="border: 0px; font-size: 0.75em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 0; color: #2e2e2e; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Arial Unicode', Arial, 'URW Gothic L', Helvetica, Tahoma, sans-serif; text-align: justify; word-spacing: -1px">g</sub><span style="color: #2e2e2e; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Arial Unicode', Arial, 'URW Gothic L', Helvetica, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify; word-spacing: -1px">) potential curve. The trial functions used are a product of a Slater determinant of molecular orbitals multiplied by correlation functions of electron&mdash;nuclear and electron&mdash;electron separation. The parameters of the determinant and correlation functions are optimized simultaneously by reducing the deviations of the local energy&nbsp;</span><em style="border: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #2e2e2e; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Arial Unicode', Arial, 'URW Gothic L', Helvetica, Tahoma, sans-serif; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify; word-spacing: -1px">E</em><sub style="border: 0px; font-size: 0.75em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 0; color: #2e2e2e; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Arial Unicode', Arial, 'URW Gothic L', Helvetica, Tahoma, sans-serif; text-align: justify; word-spacing: -1px">L</sub><span style="color: #2e2e2e; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Arial Unicode', Arial, 'URW Gothic L', Helvetica, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify; word-spacing: -1px">&nbsp;(</span><em style="border: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #2e2e2e; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Arial Unicode', Arial, 'URW Gothic L', Helvetica, Tahoma, sans-serif; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify; word-spacing: -1px">E</em><sub style="border: 0px; font-size: 0.75em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 0; color: #2e2e2e; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Arial Unicode', Arial, 'URW Gothic L', Helvetica, Tahoma, sans-serif; text-align: justify; word-spacing: -1px">L</sub><span style="color: #2e2e2e; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Arial Unicode', Arial, 'URW Gothic L', Helvetica, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify; word-spacing: -1px">&nbsp; &Psi;</span><sup style="border: 0px; font-size: 0.75em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 0; color: #2e2e2e; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Arial Unicode', Arial, 'URW Gothic L', Helvetica, Tahoma, sans-serif; text-align: justify; word-spacing: -1px">&minus;1</sup><sub style="border: 0px; font-size: 0.75em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 0; color: #2e2e2e; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Arial Unicode', Arial, 'URW Gothic L', Helvetica, Tahoma, sans-serif; text-align: justify; word-spacing: -1px">T</sub><em style="border: 0px; font-size: 13px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: #2e2e2e; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Arial Unicode', Arial, 'URW Gothic L', Helvetica, Tahoma, sans-serif; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify; word-spacing: -1px">H</em><span style="color: #2e2e2e; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Arial Unicode', Arial, 'URW Gothic L', Helvetica, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify; word-spacing: -1px">&Psi;</span><sub style="border: 0px; font-size: 0.75em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 0; color: #2e2e2e; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Arial Unicode', Arial, 'URW Gothic L', Helvetica, Tahoma, sans-serif; text-align: justify; word-spacing: -1px">T</sub><span style="color: #2e2e2e; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Arial Unicode', Arial, 'URW Gothic L', Helvetica, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify; word-spacing: -1px">, where &Psi;</span><sub style="border: 0px; font-size: 0.75em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 0; color: #2e2e2e; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Arial Unicode', Arial, 'URW Gothic L', Helvetica, Tahoma, sans-serif; text-align: justify; word-spacing: -1px">T</sub><span style="color: #2e2e2e; font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Arial Unicode', Arial, 'URW Gothic L', Helvetica, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px; text-align: justify; word-spacing: -1px">&nbsp;denotes a trial function) over a fixed sample. At the equilibrium separation, the variational Monte Carlo and quantum Monte Carlo methods recover 68% and 98% of the correlation energy, respectively. At other points on the curves, these methods yield similar accuracies.</span>

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The starting process of two-dimensional nozzle flows has been simulated with Euler, laminar and k - g two-equation turbulence Navier-Stokes equations. The flow solver is based on a combination of LUSGS subiteration implicit method and five spatial discretized schemes, which are Roe, HLLE, MHLLE upwind schemes and AUSM+, AUSMPW schemes. In the paper, special attention is for the flow differences of the nozzle starting process obtained from different governing equations and different schemes. Two nozzle flows, previously investigated experimentally and numerically by other researchers, are chosen as our examples. The calculated results indicate the carbuncle phenomenon and unphysical oscillations appear more or less near a wall or behind strong shock wave except using HLLE scheme, and these unphysical phenomena become more seriously with the increase of Mach number. Comparing the turbulence calculation, inviscid solution cannot simulate the wall flow separation and the laminar solution shows some different flow characteristics in the regions of flow separation and near wall.

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G-MG-MMRISQUIDG-MG-M. G-MG-M. G-M. . G-MG-M. G-M0.6Hz13.6K20K4.4Wf = 0.4Hz4.6Kf = 1Hz10K6WG-M

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We investigate the fluorescence spectrum in a nearly degenerate atomic system of a F-e = 0 -> F-g = 1 transition by analytically solving Schrodinger equations. An ultranarrow fluorescence spectral line in between the two coherent population trapping windows has been found. Our analytic solutions clearly show the origin of the ultranarrow spectral line. Due to quantum interference effects between two coherent population trapping states, the width and intensity of the central spectral line can be controlled by an external magnetic field. Such an effect may be used to detect a magnetic field.