A Simplified Soft-output QRD-M MIMO Detector

In this paper, a low-complexity soft-output QRD-M detection algorithm is proposed for high-throughput Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. By employing novel expansion on demand and distributed sorting scheme, the proposed algorithm can reduce 70% and 85% foundational operations for 16-QAM and 64-QAM respectively compared to the conventional QRD-M algorithm. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm can yield soft information to improve the bit error rate (BER) performance. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can achieve a near-NIL detection performance with less foundational operations

三种豆科灌木对干旱胁迫的响应与适应

干旱胁迫是全球范围内影响植物生存、生长和分布的重要环境因子。岷江上游干旱河谷区，由于生态环境的脆弱性和长期人类活动的干扰和过度利用，导致植被严重退化，水土流失加剧，山地灾害频繁，干旱化和荒漠化趋势明显。这种趋势若不能遏制，将严重阻碍区域社会经济的快速协调发展，并且威胁成都平原地区的发展和长江中下游地区的生态安全。因而开展干旱河谷生态恢复研究成为解决这些问题的关键。水分匮乏是限制干旱河谷生态恢复的关键因子，在全球气候变化的背景下，干旱胁迫在区域尺度上可能会更加严重，并使干旱河谷的生态环境更加恶化。因此，深入研究干旱河谷乡土植物对干旱胁迫的响应和适应机理，具有非常重要的理论和实践意义。 本论文以岷江上游干旱河谷的三种乡土豆科灌木，白刺花（Sophora davidii）、小马鞍羊蹄甲（Bauhinia faberi var. microphylla）和小雀花（Campylotropics polyantha）理论和实践意义。为研究对象，在人工控制条件下设计了4-5个连续性干旱胁迫处理，系统地研究了灌木幼苗的生长、生物量积累和水分利用效率（WUE）、形态结构和生理过程等对干旱胁迫的反应，揭示了幼苗的干旱适应能力及种间差异。主要研究结论如下： 1) 灌木生长和繁殖对干旱胁迫的反应 在干旱胁迫下，幼苗生长速率显著减小，叶片衰老和脱落比率增大，这些变化随着胁迫强度的增加具有累积效应。叶片比茎对干旱胁迫的反应更敏感。在严重干旱胁迫下，幼苗的有性繁殖被限制，但在中等程度干旱胁迫下，幼苗的有性繁殖能力被提高。 2) 灌木生物量积累及其分配和WUE对干旱胁迫的反应 在干旱胁迫下，灌木各器官的生物量都显著减小，但是生物量的分配侧重于地下部分，使得根茎比在干旱条件下增大。幼苗的耗水量（WU）随着干旱胁迫的增加而显著减少。白刺花和小马鞍羊蹄甲WUE在干旱胁迫下降低；小雀花的WUE在中等干旱胁迫下升高。 3) 灌木叶片结构特征对干旱胁迫反应 白刺花叶片具有较为典型的旱生型结构，而小马鞍羊蹄甲和小雀花则为中生型结构。在1至2年的干旱胁迫下，灌木叶片结构组成未发生本质性的改变，主要是细胞大小的变化。在中等和严重干旱胁迫下，叶肉组织厚度明显减小；并且气孔和表皮细胞面积也显著减小，气孔和表皮细胞密度显著增大；叶肉细胞层数、P/S值、表皮厚度等无显著变化。 4) 灌木对干旱胁迫的生理响应 气体交换参数和叶片相对含水量（RWC）在中等干旱胁迫下发生了明显的改变，而叶绿素荧光参数和光合色素含量在严重干旱胁迫下才发生显著变化。在干旱胁迫下，净光合作用速率（Pn）、气孔导度（gs）和RWC呈下降趋势，而叶片温度（Tl）呈增加趋势，蒸腾速率（Tr）的变化不明显。除了日最大Pn减小以外，干旱胁迫对气体交换参数的日变化无显著影响，但是对光合-光响应曲线有显著的影响，使有效光合时间缩短。在严重干旱胁迫下光系统受到损害而代谢减弱，PSⅡ中心的内禀光能转换效率（Fv/Fm）、量子产量（Yield）、光化学淬灭参数（qP）显著降低，而非光化学淬灭参数（NPQ）明显增加。气孔限制和非气孔限制对Pn的影响与干旱胁迫强度有关。在中度胁迫下，气孔限制起主导作用，在严重胁迫下非气孔限制起主导作用，40% FC水分条件可能是灌木由气孔限制向非气孔限制的转折点。 5) 灌木对干旱胁迫的适应能力及其种间差异 三种灌木对干旱胁迫具有较好的适应能力，即使在20% FC，幼苗未因干旱胁迫III而死亡；80% FC适宜于幼苗生长。白刺花生长速率慢，耗水量较少，具有较强的耐旱和耐贫瘠能力，并具有干旱忍受机制，能够在较干旱的环境中定居和生长。小马鞍羊蹄甲和小雀花，生长快，水分消耗量较大，尤其是小雀花，对干旱胁迫的忍受能力较弱，具有干旱回避机制，因而适宜于在较为湿润的生境中生长。综合分析表明，生长速率较慢的物种抗旱能力较强，其更适宜于作为干旱地区植被恢复物种。 Drought is often a key factor limiting plant establishment, growth and distribution inmany regions of the world. The harsh environmental conditions and long-termanthropogenic disturbance had resulted in habitat destruction in the dry valley ofMinjiang river, southwest China. Recently, it tended to be more severe on the vegetationdegradation, soil erosion and water loss, natural disaster, as well as desertification, whichimpact on regional booming economy and harmonious development, and would be verydangerous to the environmental security in the middle and lower reaches of Yangzi River.Therefore, ecological restoration in the dry valley is one of the vital tasks in China. Waterdeficit is known to affect adversely vegetation restoration in this place. Moreover, in thecontext of climate change, an increased frequency of drought stress might occur at aregional scale in the dry valleys of Minjiang River. The selection of appropriate plantingspecies for vegetation restoration in regard to regional conditions is an important issue atpresent and in further. The research on responses of indigenous species to drought stresscould provide insights into the improvement of the vegetation restoration in the dry valleys of Minjiang River. In this paper, the responses of three indigenous leguminous shrubs, Sophora davidii,Bauhinia faberi var. microphylla and Campylotropics polyantha, to various soil watersupplies were studied in order to assess drought tolerance of seedlings, and to compare interspecific differences in seedlings’ responses to drought stress. The results were as follows: 1 Growth and reproduction of shrubs in response to drought stress Seedling growth reduced significantly while leaf senescence accelerated underdrought stress, the cumulative responses to prolonged drought were found. The capacityfor reproduction was limited by severe drought stress, and improved by moderate droughtstress. Leaf responses were more sensitive than shoot to various water supplies. 2 WUE, biomass production and its partitioning of shrubs in response to drought stress Drought stress reduced significantly the total dry mass and their components ofseedlings, and altered more biomass allocation to root system, showing higher R/S ratiounder drought. Water use (WU) and water-use efficiency (WUE) of both S. davidii and B.faberi var. microphylla declined strongly with drought stress. The WU C. polyantha ofalso declined with drought stress, but WUE improved under moderate drought stress. 3 Anatomical characteristics and ultrastructures of leaves in response to drought stress There were xeromorphic for S. davidii leaves and mesomorphic for B. faberi var.microphylla and C. polyantha at the all water supplies. The foundational changes in leafstructures were not found with drought stress. However, mesophyll thickness, the areas ofstomatal and epidermis reduced slightly while the densities of stomatal and epidermisincreased under severe drought stress. Variations in these parameters could mainly be duoto cell size. Other structures did not displayed significant changes with drought stress. 4 Physiological responses of shrubs to drought stress The gas exchange parameters and leaf relative water content (RWC) were affectedby moderate stress, while chlorophyll fluorescence and chlorophyll content were onlyaffected by severe stress. Drought stress decreased net photosynthesis rate (Pn), stomatalconductance, light-use efficiency and RWC, and increased leaf temperature. Therespiration rates (Tr) were kept within a narrower range than Pn, resulting in aprogressively increased instantaneous water use effiecency (WUEi) under drought stress.Moreover, drought stress also affected the response curve of Pn to RAR, there was adepression light saturation point (Lsat) and maximum Pn (Pnmax) for moderate andsevere stressed seedling. However, diurnal changes of gas exchange parameters did notdiffer among water supplies although maximum daily Pn declined under severe stress.VISevere stress reduced Fv/Fm, Yield and qP while increased NPQ and chlorophyll content.Photosynthetic activity decreased during drought stress period due to stomatal andnon-stomatal limitations. The relative contribution of these limitations was associatedwith the severity of stress. The limitation to Pn was caused mainly by stomatal limitationunder moderate drought stress, and by the predominance of non-stomatal limitation undersevere stress. In this case, 40% FC water supply may be a non-stomatal limitation 5 Interspecific differences in drought tolerance of shrubs Three shrubs exhibited good performance throughout the experiment process, evenif at 20% FC treatment there were no any seedlings died, 80% FC water supply wassuitable for their establishment and growth. S. davidii minimized their water loss byreducing total leaf area and growth rate, as well as maintained higher RWC and Pncompared to the other two species under drought stress, thus they might be more tolerantto the drought stress than the other two species. On the contrary, it was found that C.polyantha and B. faberi var. microphylla had higher water loss because of their stomatalconductance and higher leaf area ratios. They reduced water loss with shedding theirleaves and changing leaf orientation under drought stress. Based on their responses, thestudied species could be categorized into two: (1) S. davidii with a tolerance mechanismin response to drought stress; (2) C. polyantha and B. faberi var. microphylla withdrought avoidance mechanism. These results indicated that slow-growing shrub speciesare better adapted to drought stress than intermediate or fast-growing species in present orpredicted drought conditions. Therefore, selecting rapid-growing species might leavethese seedlings relatively at a risk of extreme drought.

延安日光温室蔬菜生产现状与发展对策

延安日光温室蔬菜生产从初步发展走向稳定健康发展 ,基础设施建设、栽培技术等取得了一定成绩 ,但技术力量仍感不足 ,农药、化肥污染愈加严重。提出今后进一步发展的对策

JCA适配器基础开发框架的设计与实现

针对当前JCA适配器开发难度大、效率低问题,提出一种JCA资源适配器的基础开发框架。该框架运用良好的设计模式,抽取并实现JCA规范中的系统契约和应用契约的核心部分,从而使开发人员只需实现和具体企业信息系统密切相关的功能特性,给出一套基于该基础框架的开发工具进行适配器的开发。实验结果表明,该框架能够有效地提高适配器的开发效率和质量。

海洋生物膜的电活性及其在微生物燃料电池中的应用基础研究

海洋电活性微生物（又称电活性生物膜，electroactive biofilms, EABs）是自然界存在的一类功能性微生物，能够将代谢有机物产生的电子直接或间接传递给电极，人们对其在环境中的广泛性及其在生物防腐、生物能源和生物修复中的应用正在开展广泛的研究。 本论文着眼于海洋天然生物膜的电活性，从微生物腐蚀和微生物燃料电池的角度，考察研究了海洋天然生物膜对316L SS腐蚀行为的影响，发现海洋天然生物膜能抑制316L SS腐蚀，系统研究了海洋生物膜与石墨等电极的电子传递过程，提出了电活性生物膜（EABs）与电极间的电子传递机制，并初步研究了海洋电活性生物膜在微生物燃料电池(MFCs)中的应用。 对附着天然海洋生物膜的316L SS研究发现，生物膜使316L SS电位正移了500mV （vs. Ag/AgCl）。316L SS表面附着海洋生物膜后，其孔蚀电位由原来的50mV增加到540mV，孔蚀敏感性降低；同时，海洋生物膜的附着导致316L SS的阻抗增加，由此，我们明确提出海洋生物膜能够抑制316L SS腐蚀的发生。进一步研究了生物膜抑制腐蚀发生的可能机理。循环伏安实验表明，海洋生物膜与不锈钢电极之间存在电子传递过程。扫描电镜（SEM）及能谱（EDS）分析发现有钙盐的沉积生成。通过以上结果我们提出了生物膜对腐蚀的抑制机制假设，即在电极与电活性海洋生物膜间发生了电子传递，海洋生物膜能够将电子传递给不锈钢，316L SS作为电子接受体受到保护。 为进一步研究天然海洋生物膜的这种电活性，我们选择不会发生腐蚀的惰性电极材料石墨，玻碳，碳纸电极验证生物膜的电活性。 首次考察了天然海洋生物膜对石墨电极和玻碳电极的开路电位变化的影响，结果显示随电极在天然海水中浸泡时间，石墨电极正移50mV vs. Ag/AgCl，玻碳电极正移了300 mV （vs. Ag/AgCl）。与316L SS相似，三种电极的变正趋势相同，都经历了三个阶段，即初始缓慢变正期，随后的指数变正期和以后的稳定期，此与生物膜在固体表面形成的趋势相似。伏安曲线及阻抗实验结果表明，在石墨，玻碳和碳纸电极材料表面附着海洋生物膜后，电流密度增加，电荷转移电阻减小，说明生物膜与电极间存在电子传递，并能加速电子传递过程，不同材料表面生物膜的电活性能力由大到小为石墨＞316L SS＞碳纸＞玻碳。 进一步研究了海洋沉积物-海水生物膜微生物燃料电池，初步建立了相应的电极材料和微生物燃料电池结构。我们选择石墨阳极和石墨阴极或316L SS阴极组装海泥沉积物(阳极区)和海水（阴极区）MFC，316L SS代替石墨做阴极最大输出电量达9mW.m-2，约为后者的2倍。两种MFC输出电流和功率密度随时间的延长而增加的趋势相同，都可以分为三个阶段，即初期的缓慢增加阶段，中期的指数增长阶段，后期的平台稳定期阶段。这也与生物膜在固体表面形成的趋势相似。此研究也说明优化316L SS表面性质筛选活性海洋生物膜用于MFC有其潜在的应用价值。

基于状态构形矢量和状态构形矩阵的可重构模块星球机器人构形水

可重构模块星球机器人系统由母体和多个子机器人模块组成,单个模块可以独立运动和操作,多个模块可以重构组合成不同构形,模块采用非对称式轮手一体机构,具有姿态方位性和运动方向性,重构目的是组成在某种环境下更好地完成有向性运动的构形。基于此,提出矢量构形概念,将运动趋势方向和方位性融合到构形拓扑结构中。在模块矢量分析模型基础上,提出并构建状态构形矢量(State configuration vector,SCV)和状态构形矩阵(State configuration matrix,SCM),对非对称式单模块和整体构形的状态信息进行描述,同时支持预定义的数学变换操作,可以表达并触发模块的基础动作、构形重构。提出离散模块组合重构成目标构形的优化分析算法,通过实例仿真计算获得优化分析的选择结果。