V^3＋：YAG晶体的生长、色心与光谱性能研究

采用石墨电阻加热的温梯法生长了V：YAG晶体，晶体的不同部位呈现两种不同的颜色：浅绿色和黄褐色．通过对比分析不同颜色V：YAG晶体的室温吸收光谱，推断出石墨发热体高温下扩散出来的C可以起到还原作用，提高晶体中V^3＋tetra离子的浓度，同时诱导了F心的形成．在1300℃下，对不同颜色的V：YAG晶体进行真空退火处理，发现处于八面体格位中的V^3＋离子在热激发作用下与近邻的四面体格位Al^3＋离子存在置换反应，由此产生一定浓度的四面体格位V^3＋离子．同时，F心在退火过程中被完全消除，释放出来的自由电子被

Study on variable capacitance diode of (p)nc-Si : H/(n)c-Si heterojunction

Hydrogenated nanocrystalline silicon (nc-Si:H) layers of boron-doped increasing step by step was deposited on n-type crystalline silicon substrate using Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (PECVD) system. After evaporating Ohm contact electrode on the side of substrate and on the side of nc-Si:H film, a structure of electrode/ (p)nc-Si:H/(n)c-Si/electrode was obtained. It is confirmed by electrical measurement such as I-V curve, C-V curve and DLTS that this is a variable capacitance diode. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

拮抗菌和化学物质的抑病机理及果实抗病相关基因的克隆

真菌病害是造成采后新鲜水果损失的一个主要原因。生物拮抗菌能有效地防治果实采后腐烂，降低杀菌剂的用量，从而增加了食品安全性和降低了潜在的环境危害。然而，与化学杀菌剂相比，单独使用生物拮抗菌对果实采后病害的控制效果有时不如化学杀菌剂明显。因此，为了提高拮抗菌的生防效力，有效控制果实的采后病害，本文主要研究了拮抗菌与化学物质使用的防病机理，并从冬枣果实中克隆β-1，3-葡聚糖酶基因并对其特性进行了初步分析。研究结果表明： 1. 酵母菌Cryptococcus laurentii和枯草芽孢杆菌Bacillus subtilis能够有效的防治冬枣果实采后青霉病和黑霉病的发生，而且C. laurentii对病害的防治效果比B. subtilis好。拮抗菌的抑病效果与使用浓度成正比。在接种C. laurentii的伤口上再接种病原菌可以显著刺激酵母菌的生长。然而，在接种B. subtilis的伤口上接种病原菌则不增加拮抗细菌的群体数量。 2. 不同酵母拮抗菌对四种杀菌剂（Deccozil，Sportak，Iprodine和Stroby）的敏感程度不同。其中，R. glutinis对Deccozil，Iprodione和Stroby最敏感。将低剂量的杀菌剂与酵母菌配合能显著增强酵母菌对采后病菌的抑制作用。C. laurentii与100 µl/L的Stroby配合能完全抑制青霉和黑霉病菌的孢子萌发。2%（w/v）的碳酸氢钠（SBC）与C. laurentii或T. pullulans配合使用显著抑制采后病菌(Penicillium expansum或Alternaria alternata)的孢子萌发和芽管伸长。SBC显著增强拮抗菌对梨果实采后青霉病和黑霉病的防治能力。C. laurentii对采后病害的防治效果好于T. pullulans的防治效果。 3. C. laurentii和B. subtilis对冬枣果实抗病性的诱导与接种距离和接种时间密切相关。距接种拮抗菌近的部位，抗性诱导就越强。酵母菌诱导果实的这种抗病性与诱导果实几丁质酶，β-1，3-葡聚糖酶， PAL，POD和PPO活性有关。 4. 采前喷施2 mM的水杨酸（SA）和0.2 mM的茉莉酸甲酯（MeJA）显著降低甜樱桃果实采后褐腐病的病斑直径， 并能诱导甜樱桃果实β-1，3-葡聚糖酶， PAL， POD和PPO活性以及乙烯含量的增加。采前处理对果实抗病性的诱导效果要好于采后处理。采前和采后SA或MeJA处理，贮藏于25C的甜樱桃果实β-1，3-葡聚糖酶和PAL活性显著高于贮藏于0C的甜樱桃果实的酶活性。2 mM的SA显著抑制了Monilinia fructicola的孢子萌发和菌丝扩展;而0.2 mM的MeJA则对M. fructicola几乎没有抑制作用。在贮藏早期，MeJA对果实β-1，3-葡聚糖酶和PAL活性的诱导作用要强于SA的诱导作用。 5. 1 × 108CFU/ml的C. laurentii，以及5 × 107CFU/ml的C. laurentii与0.2 mM的MeJA 配合使用均可诱导桃果实的抗性，并显著降低果实青霉病和褐腐病的病斑直径。0.2 mM的MeJA能促进C. laurentii生长，抑制P. expansum的菌丝扩展， 但对M. fructicola基本没有抑制作用。在25和0C，MeJA和C. laurentii单独或配合使用都诱导了桃果实几丁质酶，β-1，3-葡聚糖酶，PAL和POD活性的升高。这些抗病相关酶活性的升高可能与病斑扩展的程度是直接相关的。 6. 通过设计简并引物，采用降落PCR，扩增出β-1，3-葡聚糖酶基因的同源片段，分别克隆到两个彼此间同源性很低的β-1，3-葡聚糖酶的cDNA全长（Glu-1和Glu-2）。RT-PCR结果表明，Glu-1基因的表达受酵母拮抗菌C. laurentii处理所诱导，这一结果与酵母拮抗菌诱导果实β-1，3-葡聚糖酶活性的增加相呼应;而Glu-2基因的表达则不受C. laurentii处理所诱导。

黄土高原植被恢复与新产业带形成的生态学基础研究

从生态地理背景论草地畜牧业产业在黄土高原农业可持续发展中的战略地位 黄土高原要实现生态与生产双赢的目标，契机是退耕还林还草，突破口是建立能兼顾生态生产协调发展的主导产业。从地形地貌、水热分布及自然植被特征的角度分析，黄土高原实施以农为主或农林牧综合发展的方略，均有悖于黄土高原生态地理背景。而草地畜牧业产业的生产要素及其过程在较大程度上吻合了黄土高原的生态地理背景，具有生态的适应性和生产的有效性，应作为黄土高原优化的生态生产范式建制中的主导产业。未来黄土高原产业的发展格局应该是以草地畜牧业为主导，农业和林业作为补充和完善的产业发展体系。此外，未来黄土高原草地畜牧业家畜养殖应以舍饲为主。 黄土高原自然植被演替过程中的物种特征与土壤养分动态研究 在3—149年的时间尺度上，对黄土高原自然植被次生演替过程中物种特征和土壤养分动态进行了研究。结果表明：1）随着演替时间尺度的延伸，土壤全C、全N含量呈增加趋势，而土壤全K、全Na和土壤pH值呈下降趋势，土壤全P变化趋势不明显;此外，表层( 0~10 cm)土壤Ca0含量呈下降趋势，深层( 20-30 cm，40-50 cm)则呈增加趋势。演替过程对土壤养分动态影响的程度随着取样深度的增加而减弱;2）植物群落物种丰富度在演替的中间阶段最高，后者对应于中等土壤养分水平;3）在演替的早期阶段，植物群落优势种往往具有稳定的土壤种子库，CR-生活史对策和S．繁殖对策，在贫瘠的土壤上具有较强的竞争能力;而具有较强的水平扩展能力和克隆繁殖能力，C-生活史对策、对土壤C，N具有较强竞争能力的多年生植物在演替中后期占据群落的优势地位。此外，在所涉及的物种生物学特征中，多年生生活史，C-、CR-、SC-、SR-、S．对策，以及R-、W-、Bs-、VBs-和V-繁殖对策等在非优势物种中有较高的出现频率。4）C-、 SC-对策，克隆能力，多年生生活史，水平扩展能力，种子的动物传播方式，秋季开花，荚果、坚果等特征的比例在一定程度上与土壤全C，全N和全K含量正相关; 而S一、SR-、R-、CR-对策，一、二年生生活史，种子繁殖，S．繁殖对策，以及胞果、蒴果等特征的比例与土壤全Na，Ca0含量和土壤pH正相关。在演替过程中出现的物种均属草本植物生活型，因此，草原可能是黄土高原上受制于大尺度环境条件（显域生境）下的优势植被类型（特别是降雨量不超过550 mm的地区）。 黄土高原植被恢复过程中几种优势植物叶片碳稳定性同位素和氮含量的动态特征 探讨了黄土高原植被恢复过程中六种优势植物叶片碳稳定性同位素(6 13C)和氮含量的季节动态、种间差异及其与植被恢复过程的关系。六种优势植物分别是猪毛蒿( Artemisia scoparia)，出现在演替的先锋阶段：达乌里胡枝子( Lespedeza davurica)，出现在演替的第二阶段;长芒草(Stipabungeana)、万年蒿(Artemisia gmelinii)和茭蒿(Artemisia giraldii)，出现在演替的第三阶段; 白羊草( Bothriochloa ischaemun)出现在演替的顶级阶段。六种优势植物叶片碳稳定性同位素比率分别是-26.89±0.66‰，-26.24±0.48‰, -26.21±0.49‰, -26.86±1.09‰, -27.61±0.39‰和-15 .81±1. 79‰;氮含量分别是2.36±0.63%，2.38±0.29%，2.0±0.29%，2.0±0.25%，1.50±0.37% 和1.24±0.19%。白羊草、长芒草、茭蒿和达乌里胡枝子叶片氮含量季节变化与土壤水分呈正相关．猪毛蒿和铁杆蒿叶片氮含量季节变化与土壤水分呈负相关。白羊草叶片δ 13C与土壤水分呈正相关，而其他5个优势种叶片δ 13C与土壤水分呈负相关。不同演替阶段优势种的δ 13C值和氮含量特征表明：处于演替顶级阶段的优势种具有最高的水分利用效率，净光合产量较低，但光合作用动态对土壤水分的季节波动表现出较强的可塑性;相反，处于先锋阶段的优势种水分利用效率较低，叶片净光合产量较高，光合作用对土壤水分波动的可塑性较低。本文的主要结论是：黄土高原植被恢复过程中处于不同演替阶段的优势种无论是在叶片δ 13C，氮含量均存在差异。优势种叶片δ 13C和氮含量季节动态反映了不同物种在环境（主要指土壤水分）波动条件下的生理生态对策。具有最高的水分利用效率（而非最高光和能力）和最高光合可塑性的物种将成为黄土高原自然植被顶级植物群落中的最终统治者。 黄土高原草地畜牧业产业形成与发展的牧草生产力基础 遵循生产-生态兼顾的原则，在黄土高原197个区县土地利用方式重新规划的基础上，对支撑黄土高原畜牧业产业形成与发展的牧草生产潜力进行了分析预测。结果表明：规划的牧、林、农、果用地占生产用地的比例分别是草地44%、林地22%、基本农田20%、果园14%; 197个县区预测的总牧草生产潜力达1，0488，1028t.y-l，可载畜1，0488，1028个羊单位．y-1。按1999年不变价格计算，黄土高原预测的畜牧业总产值将达到524，4051万元．y-1，是1999年畜牧业总产值的5.3倍，超过1999年黄土高原农业总产值14 %。农业人口人均预测畜牧业产值大于1000元的区县占59%;小于1000元的区县占41%。此外，黄土高原预测的农业总产值将达到1147.2234亿元RMB.yr-1。畜牧业、果业、林业和基本农田产值占农业总产值的比例分别是46%、27%、14%和13%。随着畜牧业产业链的逐步建立与完善，产业发展布局的日趋合理，黄土高原畜牧业生产总值将有较大幅度的提高。黄土高原草地畜牧业蕴藏着巨大的发展潜力，有望成为黄土高原优化的生产．生态范式建制中的主导产业。

五种缘毛类纤毛虫遗传关系的ISSR研究(英文)

应用ISSR分子标记揭示了5种缘毛类纤毛虫(Carchesium polypinum,Epistylis chrysemydis,E.plicatilis,E.urceolata和Vorticella campanula)的遗传关系。从34个引物中筛选到13个多态性高的引物进行研究。得到的遗传距离(0.6667～1.0000)显示ISSR技术具有较高的分辨率。依据构建的UPGMA聚类树,V.campanula首先和其他种类分开;C.polypinum和E.chrysemydis聚在了一起;在3种Epist

两种缘毛类纤毛虫胞质Hsp70基因序列的克隆及其系统发育分析

克隆得到 2种缘毛类纤毛虫———钟形钟虫 (Vorticellacampanula)和螅状独缩虫 (Carchesiumpolyp inum)的胞质Hsp70基因部分序列 ,长度均为 4 38bp ,编码 14 6个氨基酸。以细菌为外类群 ,利用最大似然法和邻接法构建包括其他 5种纤毛虫在内的共 2 6个物种的Hsp70基因氨基酸序列系统发育树 ,其拓扑结构显示 :V campanula和C polypinum聚在一起 ,并与另 2种寡膜纲的嗜热四膜虫 (Tetrahymenathermophila)及草

Detection of serum and mucosal antibody production and antibody secreting cells (ASCs) in large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea) following vaccination with Vibrio harveyi via different routes

The kinetics of mucosal and serum antibody response is well as antibody secreting cells (ASCs) production were studied in large yellow croaker following vaccination with inactivated Vibrio harveyi by different routes: oral administration. intraperitoneal (IP) injection and immersion. Indirect ELISA was used to measure the antibody level in serum and cutaneous mucus, and ELISPOT was used to monitor the ASCs derived from gill, blood and head kidney. The data demonstrated that IP injection resulted in the highest antibody levels in the systemic circulation, whereas immersion induced significant antibody levels in mucous. As for the ASCs response, IP injection induced high numbers of ASCs in the head kidney and blood; oral intubation only induced a slight ASCs response in the head kidney: immersion induced a much stronger ASCs response in the gill. These results indicate that mucosal antibodies following immersion immunization are independent of a systemic response and more sensitive, since it could be triggered earlier than serum antibodies. The mucosal antibodies following IP injection immunization may depend oil a systemic immune response. The protective effects of the three vaccination methods were compared by challenging with live V. harveyi. Survival of the three groups of vaccinated fish varied front 40 to 60%. while 100% mortality was found in control fish. Compared with IP and oral vaccination, immersion stimulated higher specific antibody titers in the mucosal system and achieved similar protection, so it is in effective and efficient method for immunizing a large number of fish against V harveyi (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Probing deep level centers in GaN epilayers with variable-frequency capacitance-voltage characteristics of Au/GaN Schottky contacts

Under identical preparation conditions, Au/GaN Schottky contacts were prepared on two kinds of GaN epilayers with significantly different background electron concentrations and mobility as well as yellow emission intensities. Current-voltage (I-V) and variable-frequency capacitance-voltage (C-V) characteristics show that the Schottky contacts on the GaN epilayer with a higher background carrier concentration and strong yellow emission exhibit anomalous reverse-bias I-V and C-V characteristics. This is attributed to the presence of deep level centers. Theoretical simulation of the low-frequency C-V curves leads to a determination of the density and energy level position of the deep centers. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics.

CHARACTERIZATION OF HIGH FLUENCE NEUTRON-INDUCED DEFECT LEVELS IN HIGH-RESISTIVITY SILICON DETECTORS USING A LASER DEEP-LEVEL TRANSIENT SPECTROSCOPY (L-DLTS)

Neutron irradiated high resistivity (4-6 kOMEGA-cm) silicon detectors in the neutron fluence (PHI(n)) range of 5 X 10(11) n/cm2 to 1 X 10(14) n/cm2 have been studied using a laser deep level transient spectroscopy (L-DLTS). It has been found that the A-center (oxygen-vacancy, E(c) = 0.17 eV) concentration increases with neutron fluence, reaching a maximum at PHI(n) almost-equal-to 5 X 10(12) n/cm2 before decreasing with PHI(n). A broad peak has been found between 200 K and 300 K, which is the result of the overlap of three single levels: the V-V- (E(c) = 0.38 eV), the E-center (P-V, E(c) = 0.44 eV), and a level at E(c) = 0.56 eV that is probably V-V0. At low neutron fluences (PHI(n) < 5 X 10(12) n/cm2), this broad peak is dominated by V-V- and the E-centers. However, as the fluence increases (PHI(n) greater-than-or-equal-to 5 X 10(12) n/cm2), the peak becomes dominated by the level of E(c) = 0.56 eV.

INDIUM OHMIC CONTACTS TO N-ZNSE

The reaction between an indium over layer and high purity MBE grown n-ZnSe chlorine doped (2x 10(18) cm-3) epilayers has been investigated using X-ray diffraction, Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron and Auger electron spectroscopy, and by electrical function tests (I-V and C-V). Good ohmic contacts were formed after annealing at 250 or 300-degrees-C for a few minutes in forming gas. Annealing at lower or higher temperatures resulted in higher resistance or rectifying contacts. The data show that no compounds were formed at the interface; instead In appeared to diffuse into the ZnSe. High surface doping densities appear to allow an ohmic contact, but the electrical data suggest that compensation effects are also very significant in the formation of the contact. These effects must be considered for successful formation of the ohmic contact.

Climatic reconstruction at the miocene shanwang basin；China；using leaf margin analysis；clamp；coexistence approach；and overlapping distribution analysis

IEECAS SKLLQG

质量数A≈125的热核GDR特性的研究

简单介绍了利用LNS的回旋加速器产生的116Sn束轰击12C和24Mg靶的实验装置以及实验过程.该实验通过MEDEA探测器测量了由全熔合与非全熔合反应产生的较低激发能区(160—300MeV)质量数A≈125的热核的巨偶极共振特性,比较了不同靶子、不同束流能量时巨偶极共振的γ产额的变化.

System size dependence of associated yields in hadron-triggered jets STAR Collaboration

We present results on the system size dependence of high transverse momentum di-hadron correlations at root s(NN) = 200 GeV as measured by STAR at RHIC. Measurements in d + Au, Cu + Cu and Au + Au collisions reveal similar jet-like near-side correlation yields (correlations at small angular separation Delta phi similar to 0, Delta eta similar to 0) for all systems and centralities. Previous measurements have shown Chat the away-side (Delta phi similar to pi) yield is suppressed in heavy-ion collisions. We present measurements of the away-side Suppression as a function of transverse momentum and centrality in Cu + Cu and Au + Au collisions. The suppression is found to be similar in Cu + Cu and An + An collisions at a similar number of participants. The results are compared to theoretical calculations based on the patron quenching model and the modified fragmentation model. The observed differences between data and theory indicate that the correlated yields presented here will further constrain dynamic energy loss models and provide information about the dynamic density profile in heavy-ion collisions. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.