Investigation on a pressure-gradient fiber laser hydrophone

In this paper, a pressure-gradient fiber laser hydrophone is demonstrated. Two brass diaphragms are installed at the end of a metal cylinder as sensing elements. A distributed feedback fiber laser, fixed at the center of the two diaphragms, is elongated or shortened due to the acoustic wave. There are two orifices at the middle of the cylinder. So this structure can work as a pressure-gradient microphone in the acoustic field. Furthermore, the hydrostatic pressure is self-compensated and an ultra-thin dimension is achieved. Theoretical analysis is given based on the electro-acoustic theory. Field trials are carried out to test the performance of the hydrophone. A sensitivity of 100 nm MPa-1 has been achieved. Due to the small dimensions, no directivity is found in the test.

黄土高原坡地枣树地膜微集水造林效果研究

在黄土高原丘陵沟壑区,采用田间试验研究了地膜微集水造林技术对提高枣树成活率、土壤温度以及枣树根区土壤水分含量的影响。结果表明:地膜微集水方法提高枣树移栽期0~100cm土层土壤水分,提高0~20 cm土层地温,造林成活率较对照提高15%;在枣树生长期和发芽期,土壤0~100 cm剖面含水量比对照高30.3%;在集中降雨后48 h内,土壤水分下渗深度比对照深34 cm,达到67 cm。该方法成本低、操作简单、效率高,可以在黄土高原枣树栽植中推广应用。

施氮对黄土高原水蚀风蚀交错区土壤矿质氮的影响

研究施氮对黄土高原水蚀风蚀交错区不同土层土壤矿质氮含量和累积量的影响。【方法】试验设作物和施肥2个因子,分析不同施氮水平和不同作物处理下黄土高原水蚀风蚀交错区0~100 cm土层土壤矿质氮的差异。【结果】不同施氮处理对土壤硝态氮含量及矿质氮累积量有明显影响,土壤硝态氮含量和0~100 cm土层土壤矿质氮累积量均随施氮量的增加而增加,但施氮量对土壤铵态氮的影响较小;不同施氮条件下,不同土层土壤硝态氮含量和矿质氮累积量均以0~20 cm土层最高,从总体上看,随着施氮量增加,较深土层(80~100 cm)土壤硝态氮含量和矿质氮累积量亦有所增加;不同作物间,除施90 kg/hm2磷+45 kg/hm2氮处理时,种植黑麦草作物的0~20cm土层土壤NO3--N含量有所增加外,其余施氮处理对种植两种不同作物土壤的NO3--N含量和NH4+-N含量均未产生明显影响,在相同施氮处理下,黑麦草地和苜蓿地0~100 cm土层土壤总矿质氮累积量的差异不明显。【结论】不同水平氮肥处理均对黄土高原水蚀风蚀交错区土壤矿质氮含量及累积量有一定影响,土壤矿质氮含量及累积量均与施氮量密切相关。