a constraint solver and its application to path feasibility analysis

Many testing methods are based on program paths. A well-known problem with them is that some paths are infeasible. To decide the feasibility of paths, we may solve a set of constraints. In this paper, we describe constraint-based tools that can be used for this purpose. They accept constraints expressed in a natural form, which may involve variables of different types such as integers, Booleans, reals and fixed-size arrays. The constraint solver is an extension of a Boolean satisfiability checker and it makes use of a linear programming package. The solving algorithm is described, and examples are given to illustrate the use of the tools. For many paths in the testing literature, their feasibility can be decided in a reasonable amount of time.

利用HIRFL-CSR开展分子离子复合离解研究的可行性分析；Feasibility Analysis of Studying Dissociative Recombination Processes of Molecular Ions at HIRFL-CSR

介绍了储存环高精度分子谱学研究的科学意义、国内外研究现状和利用HIRFL-CSR开展该项研究的优势,着重论证了HIRFL-CSR分子离子注入实验环的总体设计方案和技术方案。通过在HIRFL-CSR实验环上增建一条分子离子注入线,将实验环改造成能兼顾现有物理实验和大分子物理研究的综合性研究平台,为分子离子复合离解研究提供良好的技术支撑。特别是质量数大于70的分子离子,能显著提高其能量分辨。

Slope Stability Analysis Using Anisotropic and Nonlinear Failure Criteria

The shear strength of soils or rocks developed in a landslide usually exhibits anisotropic and nonlinear behavior. The process of sedimentation and subsequent consolidation can cause anisotropy of sedimentary soils or rocks, for instance. Nonlinearity of failure envelope could be attributed to "interlocking" or "dilatancy" of the material, which is generally dependent upon the stress level. An analytical method considering both anisotropy and nonlinearity of the failure envelops of soil and rocks is presented in the paper. The nonlinearfailure envelopes can be determined from routine triaxial tests. A spreadsheet program, which uses the Janbu's Generalized Procedure of Slice and incorporates anisotropic, illustrates the implementation of the approach and nonlinearfailure envelops. In the analysis, an equivalent Mohr-Coulomb linear failure criterion is obtained by drawing a tangent to the nonlinear envelope of an anisotropic soil at an appropriate stress level. An illustrative example is presented to show the feasibility and numerical efficiency of the method.

Numerical Sensitivity Analysis and Partial Similarity of Porous Media Flows

A numerical optimisation approach to identify dominant dimensionless variables in porous media flows by sensitivity analysis is proposed. We have validated the approach at first by examining a simple oil reservoir theoretically and numerically as well. A more complex water-flooding reservoir is examined based on sensitivity analysis of oil recovery to the similarity parameters, thus demonstrating the feasibility of the proposed approach to identify dominant similarity parameters for water-oil two-phase flows.

A solid-phase microextraction fiber coated with diglycidyloxycalix[4]arene yields very high extraction selectivity and sensitivity during the analysis of chlorobenzenes in soil

A novel fiber coated with novel sol-gel (5,11,17,23-tetra-tert-butyl-25,27-dihydroxy-26,28-diglycidyloxycalix[4]arene/hydroxy-terminated silicone oil; diglycidyloxy-C[4]/OH-TSO) was prepared for use with headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) combined with gas chromatography (GC) and electron capture detection (ECD), which was applied in order to determine nine chlorobenzenes in soil matrices. Due to the improved fiber preparation, which increases the percentage of calixarene in the coating, the new calixarene fiber exhibits very high extraction selectivity and sensitivity to chlorine-substituted compounds. Various parameters affecting the extraction efficiency were optimized in order to maximize the sensitivity during the chlorobenzene analysis. Interferences from different soil matrices with different characteristics were investigated, and the amount extracted was strongly influenced by the matrix. Therefore, a standard addition protocol was performed on the real soil samples. The linear ranges of detection for the chlorobenzenes tested covered three orders of magnitude, and correlation coefficients > 0.9976 and relative standard deviations (RSD) < 8% were observed. The detection limits were found at sub-ng/g of soil levels, which were about an order of magnitude lower than those given by the commercial poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) coating for most of the compounds. The recoveries ranged from 64 to 109.6% for each analyte in the real kaleyard soil matrix when different concentration levels were determined over the linear range, which confirmed the reliability and feasibility of the HS-SPME/GC-ECD approach using the fiber coated with diglycidyloxy-C[4]/OH-TSO for the ultratrace analysis of chlorobenzenes in complex matrices.

Cancer subtypes recognition and its gene expression profiles analysis based on geometrical learning

The accurate recognition of cancer subtypes is very significant in clinic. Especially, the DNA microarray gene expression technology is applied to diagnosing and recognizing cancer types. This paper proposed a method of that recognized cancer subtypes based on geometrical learning. Firstly, the cancer genes expression profiles data was pretreated and selected feature genes by conventional method; then the expression data of feature genes in the training samples was construed each convex hull in the high-dimensional space using training algorithm of geometrical learning, while the independent test set was tested by the recognition algorithm of geometrical learning. The method was applied to the human acute leukemia gene expression data. The accuracy rate reached to 100%. The experiments have proved its efficiency and feasibility.

An analysis of the performance of a new high-speed single-way analog switch

This paper introduces a new highspeed single-way analog switch which has both highspeed high-resolution mono-direction analog transmission gate function and high-speed digital logic gate function with normal bipolar technology. The analysis of static and transient switching performances as an analog transmission gate is emphasized in the paper. In order to reduce the plug-in effect on high-speed high-resolution systems, an optimum design scheme is also given. This scheme is to achieve accelerated dynamic response with very low bias power dissipation. The analysis of PSPICE simulation as well as the circuit test results confirms the feasibility of the scheme. Now, the circuit has been applied effectively to the designs of novel highspeed A/D and D/A converters.

Pressurized electrochromatography coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for analysis of peptides and proteins

Pressurized capillary electrochromatography (pCEC) was coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) using a coaxial sheath liquid interface. It was used for separation and analysis of peptides and proteins. The effects of organic modifier and applied voltage on separation were investigated, and the effects of pH value of the mobile phase and the concentration of the electrolyte on ESI-MS signal were investigated. The resolution and detection sensitivity with different separation methods (pCEC, capillary high-performance liquid chromatography) coupled on-line with mass spectrometry were compared for the separation of a peptide mixture. To evaluate the feasibility and reliability of the experimental setup of the system, tryptic digests of cytochrome c and modified protein as real samples were analyzed by using pCEC-ESI-MS.

High-throughput characterization of heterogeneous catalysts by temperature-programmed analysis method

A multistream reactor for high-throughput examining the surface acidity by NH3-TPD method by application of multistream mass spectrometer screening (MSMSS) technique has been developed. This method allows for examining the surface acidity of 10 catalyst samples in about 6 h, which is an improvement over the traditional process. The demonstration of the feasibility of high-throughput TPD can be significant in convincing the hardened traditionalists in the heterogeneous catalysis community that, combinatorial methods indeed should have an important place in scientific catalyst research and development. The developed method could also be used for almost all the temperature-programmed analysis theoretically with careful designed multistream reactors. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Feasibility of biodegradable PLGA common bile duct stents: An in vitro and in vivo study

The current study investigates the feasibility of using a biodegradable polymeric stent in common bile duct (CBD) repair and reconstruction. Here, poly(l-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA, molar ratio LA/GA = 80/20) was processed into a circular tube- and dumbbell-shaped specimens to determine the in vitro degradation behavior in bile. The morphology, weight loss, and molecular weight changes were then investigated in conjunction with evaluations of the mechanical properties of the specimen. Circular tube-shaped PLGA stents with X-ray opacity were subsequently used in common bile duct exploration (CBDE) and primary suturing in canine models. Next, X-ray images of CBD stents in vivo were compared and levels of serum liver enzymes and a histological analysis were conducted after stent transplantation. The results showed that the PLGA stents exhibited the required biomedical properties and spontaneously disappeared from CBDs in 4-5 weeks. The degradation period and function match the requirements in repair and reconstruction of CBDs to support the duct, guide bile drainage, and reduce T-tube-related complications.

FACTOR-ANALYSIS APPLIED TO X-RAY-DIFFRACTION DIAGRAMS OF POLYMER BLENDS

The feasibility of applying the method of factor analysis to X-ray diffraction diagrams of binary blends of polypropylene and ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer (PP/EPDM) was examined. The result of mathematical treatment was satisfactory. The number of scattering species and their concentrations in six kinds of PP/EPDM blends were determined. The separation of the spectral peaks of each species in the blends, contributing spectral intensities, was carried out.

Assessment of genetic diversities of selected Laminaria (Laminariales, Phaeophyta) gametophytes by inter-simple sequence repeat analysis

Inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) analysis was used to assess genetic diversity among 10 pairs of male and female Laminaria gametophytes. A total of 58 amplification loci was obtained from 10 selected ISSR primers, of which 34 revealed polymorphism among the gametophytes. Genetic distances were calculated with the Dice coefficient ranging from 0.006 to 0.223. A dendrogram based on the unweighted pair-group method arithmetic (UPGMA) average showed that most male and female gametophytes of the same species were clustered together and that 10 pairs of gametophytes were divided into four groups. This was generally consistent with the taxonomic categories. The main group consisted of six pairs of gametophytes, which were selected from Laminaria japonica Aresch. by intensive inbreeding through artificial hybridization. One specific marker was cloned, but was not converted successfully into a sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of applying ISSR markers to evaluate Laminaria germplasm diversities.

Genetic analysis of the gametophytes of Undaria pinnatifida (Phaeophyceae) with ISSR method

Inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) analysis was used to assess eleven pairs of Undaria pinnatifida (Harv.) Suringar male and female gametophytes. After screening fifty primers, 18 ISSR primers were selected for final analysis. A total of 104 loci were obtained, of which 77 were polymorphic, among the gametophytes studied. Genetic relationships were analyzed with simple matching (S), Jaccard's (J) and Dice's (D) distance coefficients. Little genetic variations were found among the selected Undaria gametophytes, for instance, the genetic distances ranging from 0.010 to 0.125 with Dice coefficients. UPGMA dendrograms showed that 11 pairs of Undaria gametophytes were distributed into five groups. Most Undaria strains cultivated in China exhibited closely genetic relationships with the strains from Japan. However, gametophytes from Qingdao appeared as distinct clades from other Undaria strains with all three distance coefficients used. Mantel test showed that the three distance measurements generated congruent clustering patterns on the same data. Our results demonstrated the feasibility of applying ISSR markers for genetic analysis of Undaria gametophytes. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.