70年来陕西省纸坊沟流域农业生态经济系统耦合态势

"农业生态经济系统耦合"的研究与实践对于实现农业产业与资源相一致,建立持续、高效的农业生态经济系统具有重要的意义。耦合度可以阐明农业经济系统与农业生态系统互动关系,判定农业生态经济系统耦合态势。在分析陕西省纸坊沟流域农业生态经济系统耦合关系的基础上,参照系统科学等理论及相关研究结果建立了农业经济系统与农业生态系统耦合度模型,并计算和分析了该流域70a来的耦合度。结果表明,农业生态经济系统的耦合过程可以划分为4个阶段:Ⅰ.经济系统依赖生态资源进行原始化农业生产阶段;Ⅱ.农业生产掠夺式利用生态资源,生态系统供给能力不断减少阶段;Ⅲ.农业经济系统与生态系统协调化发展阶段;Ⅳ.降低农业发展速度,促使生态系统重建阶段。纸坊沟流域从1938～2008年先后经历了第Ⅰ阶段、第Ⅱ阶段和第Ⅲ阶段。目前处于第Ⅲ阶段,但在"系统发展"过程中已潜伏了越来越大的危机,到2018年系统耦合突破"协调"界限,"相悖态势"将明显表现出来。为此,纸坊沟流域必须调整产业布局,发展草畜产业,进行产业升级,优化产业结构,实现农业生态经济系统协调、持续发展。

准噶尔盆地西北缘三叠系层序地层及有利勘探目标选择

Based on outcrop, borehole, seismic and regional geological data, the sequence stratigraphy, sedimentary facies of the Triassic in the western margin of the Zhugaer basin was studied, and favorable exploration target was forecasted. The major achievements include: (1) the Triassic in the western margin of the Zhugaer basin can be divided into 1 second-order sequence and 5 third-order sequences, which are, in ascending order, TSQ1, TSQ2, TSQ3, TSQ4, and TSQ5. TSQ1 is equivolent to Baikouquan formation, TSQ2 is equivolent to lower Kelamayi formation, TSQ3 is equivolent to upper Kelamai formation, TSQ4 is equivolent to lower and middle Baijiantan formation, and TSQ5 is equivolent to upper Baijiantan formation. Each sequence is divided into transgressive and regressive system tracts. Thus the sequence correlation framework is established. (2) The factors controlling development of sequences are analyzed, and it is believed that tectonic is the major controlling factor. Model of sequence development is summarized. (3)Through study on sedimentary facies, 6 types of facies are recognized: alluvial fan, fan delta, braided river, braided delta, delta and lake. Their microfacies are also recognized. In this study, it is proposed that the upper and lower Kelamayi formation（TSQ2、 TSQ3）is deposited by braided river instead of alluvial fan. This conclusion is of important theoretical and practical significance.(4) The sedimentary facies map of each sequence is compiled, and the sedimentary facies developed in each sequence is determined. In TSQ1, the sedimentary facies developed is alluvial fan and fan delta. In TSQ2, the sedimentary facies developed is mainly alluvial fan and fan delta in the north, and braided river and braided delta in the south. In TSQ3, the sedimentary facies developed is mainly braided river and braided delta. In TSQ4, the sedimentary facies developed is mainly braided delta in the north, and meandering delta in the south. In TSQ5, the sedimentary facies developed is mainly braided river and braided delta. (5) In the framework of sequence stratigrahpy, favorable areas for concealed traps are forecasted, and different types of traps are developed in different system tracts. (6) Favorable areas for future exploration are predicted.

社会发展与中国人人格变迁——控制测验理论与工具的变异后不同时期的中国人人格差异研究

In non-western society，researches on social development and personality change focused on economic development and social modernization. The present study is aimed at exploring the relationship between the social transformation and personality changes of Chinese people by using so-called indigenous personality measurement of CPAI (Chinese Personality Assessment Inventory). Meanwhile, the influence of CPAI measurement itself and measurement theory were also taken into consideration. In study 1, two sets of CPAI data collected in a 10 year interval were analyzed. At the same time, the CPAI-2 data was analyzed in terms of modernization level of various cities from which the data were collected. However, this study didn’t consider the importance of “equivalence” of the measurement, CPAI. In study 2, we detected DIF (Differential item functioning) across the different period groups to confirm if CPAI was equal to people in different period. In this process, both CTT and IRT method were used. The outcome reminded us that there were some DIF items. In study 3, to make sure that the personality measurement is fair to people in different period, we only saved those items whose DIF effect size lower than 0.01, and used IRT method to estimate test-taker’s personality. Then, cohort analysis was used to explore the pattern of personality change of Chinese people. In study 4, we factor-analyzed the DIF items to find the relation between social transformation and the latent personality variable which were composed of DIF items. From these 4 studies, we could got the following conclusions: (1) The CPAI 22 traits could be divided into two categories, with the changing of age, period and cohort, type I traits didn’t change, they were Logical vs Affective Orientation, Enterprise, Responsibility, Inferiority vs Self-Acceptance, Optimism vs Pessimism, Face, Family, Defensive, Graciousness vs Meanness; While with the changing of age, period and cohort, type II traits changed, they were Leadership, Self vs. Social Orientation, Veraciousness vs Slickness, Traditionalism vs Modernity, Harmony, Renqing, Meticulousness, Extraversion vs Introversion, Emotionality, Practical Mindedness, Internal vs External Locus of Control, Thrift vs Extravagance, Discipline. Meanwhile DIF items measured 5 psychologycial characteristics which changed greatly with the changing of age, period and cohort, they were Life attitude of Cynicism-realism, Psychological maladjustment, Coping style of Waiyuanneifang, Self-efficacy, the value of Individualism. (2) In sum, Chinese people in 1992 were more traditional than those in 2001, and with the 10-year of rapid development, according to the market economy’s needs, Chinese people became more individualism. (3) The DIF method of CTT and IRT were comparable. But, in generally, IRT method was more accurate and valid in detecting DIF as were as estimating personality. (4) The DIF outcomes showed that CPAI had good item validity. Meanwhile, it’s possible to develop a subscale by using CPAI items to assess some psychological characteristics. In this current study, according to their stability and variability, we could divided personality traits and psychological characteristics into 3 categories, and the outcome supported the hypothesis of “Six Factor Model”, these foundings were of some theoretic meanings. Meanwhile, as the relation between social development and personality change being explored, it certain help Chinese people cope with the rapid changing society. In this study, we also found that it’s possible to develop a subscale by using CPAI items to assess obverse personality traits and it had some practical use. Furthermore, the use of different measurement theory and cohort analysis embodied some innovation in methodology.

成年女儿照料老年父母的心理体验及关系质量作用的研究

Previous researches about family caregiving revealed that caregiving has both negative and positive effects on caregivers’ well-being. Based on Lawton’s two-factor model, this study aims at examining how caring for old parents would affect adult daughters’ psychological well-being. According to Lawton, objective stressors as caregiving would arouse two different kinds of caregivers’ subjective appraisal, i.e., negative appraisal and positive appraisal, which in turn correlate with the negative and positive dimensions of caregivers’ psychological well-being, respectively. There were two main purposes of this study: a) to verify both the negative and positive paths in the two-factor model and their relatively independence; and b) to examine the effects of relationship quality between caregiver and care-recipient on those paths. The results are as follows: 1) Caregiving stressors have significant positive predictive effect on caregivers’ negative appraisal, but have no direct effect on caregivers’ positive appraisal. 2) Caregivers’ negative appraisal has significant positive predictive effect on their negative emotional experience, while caregivers’ positive appraisal has significant positive predictive effect on their positive emotional experience. 3) Certain dimensions of relationship quality, including the Appreciation and General Appraisal, have significant negative predictive effect on caregivers’ negative appraisal, and have significant positive predictive effect on caregivers’ positive appraisal. 4) The Appreciation dimension of relationship quality moderates the path from caregiving demands to caregivers’ burden; and the General Appraisal of relationship quality moderates the path from caregivers’ positive appraisal to life satisfaction. Based on the above results, the researcher concluded that a) both the negative path and positive path exist in caregiving process, and they are relatively independent from each other; and b) relationship quality does moderate certain paths in the model. Meanwhile, the main effect of relationship quality on caregivers’ experience is also significant and more remarkable. This study attempts to explain these results in terms of coping resources. Both relationship quality and many other factors might be explained as resources that caregivers utilize to cope with stress of caregiving. With more resources, caregivers tend to appraise more positively, and less negatively, and vice versa. However, the resources which might affect caregivers’ positive appraisal, as well as the ways they work, may be different from that affect caregivers’ negative appraisal.

中国企业员工组织承诺研究

The research objectives were to investigate the psychological structure of employees' organizational commitments(OCs), and its antecedents, and to examine the relative effects of employees' OCs to their performances. In order to deeply uncover the nature of OCs, some standard methods, such as in-depth interview, focus-group, semi-open questionnaire, standard questionnaire etc., were employed. In data analysis, not only some common statistical methods, such as multivariate analysis of variance, cross-table analysis, factor analysis, but also some forefront ones, such as confirmatory factor analysis and path analysis of SEM, were used. The paper covers six chapters: 1) In the first chapter, Firstly some previous empirical studies, which examined structures, antecedents, correlates, and/or consequences of organizational commitment in China and Western countries, were summarized. This summary covers most of the respectable researchers' works of this field, such as H.S.Becker, B.Buchanan, L.W.Porter, G. Ritzer, H.M.Trice, J.A.Alutto, L.G.Hrebiniak, R.T.Mowday, J.P.Meyer, N.J.Allen, G.W.McGee, R.C.Ford, R.Eisenberger, etc. Then three theoretical hypothesis were put forward as following: ① In China, OCs should be multidimensional psychological structures, which means there should exist more than one type of OCs; ② There should be some different antecedents to different OCs; ③ Employees with different types of OC should perform differently in their works. Finally the theoretical and practical significance were discussed. 2) In the second chapter, great efforts were made to investigate the OC types. Firstly, in-depth interview with managers and employees, semi-open questionnaire, and some other methods were used in the pilot research to gather much qualitative material. Then OC questionnaire was designed to get quantitative data in about 20 enterprises, including state-owned, collective-owned, wholly foreign-funded, and joint-ventures. During revising of this questionnaire, there were about 5000 samples surveyed. after factor analysis, the data shows that there should be 5 types of OCs in China, which were respectively named as Affective Commitment, Normative commitment, Ideal Commitment, Economic Commitment, Choice Commitment. Thirdly, confirmatory factor analysis method was used to successfully confirm this 5-factor model. Finally, Cronbach a and test-retest correlate indicate that this questionnaire is reliable. Since factor analysis result has show its construct validity, a simple criterion-related validity research was conducted. 3) In order to investigate the correlation between different OC and employee performance and different antecedents of OC, 5 other questionnaires, such as Employee Satisfaction Questionnaire, Perceived Organizational Support Questionnaire, Social Exchange Questionnaire, Altruism Scale, and Leader Confidence Scale were revised in the third chapter. 4)In the fourth chapter, a lot of correlates, cross-table analysis were conducted to show the correlation between different OCs and 10 performances, which indicate employees with different OCs will show different performance in 10 variables, such as altruism, etc. 5) In the fifth chapter, correlate analysis, multivariate of analysis, and path analysis of SEM were used to investigate the antecedents of OC. A satisfactory model showing the correlation between OC and their antecedents was confirmed. 6) In the last chapter, all researches about OC, and its limitations were summarized.

Prolonged cardiac xenograft survival in guinea pig-to-rat model by a highly active cobra venom factor

A highly active cobra venom factor (CVF) was isolated from the venom of Naja kaouthia by sequential column chromatography. It displays strong anticomplementary activity, and has 1515 U of anti complementary activity per mg protein. A single dose of 0.1 mg/kg CVF given i.v. to rats completely abrogated complement activity for nearly 5 days. Given 0.02 mg/kg of CVF. the complement activity of rats was reduced by more than 96.5% in 6 It. In guinea pig-to-rat heart transplant model, rats treated with a single dose of 0.05 mg/kg CVF had significantly prolonged xenograft survival (56.12 +/- 6.27 h in CVF-treated rats vs. 0.19 +/- 0.07 h in control rats, P < 0.001). (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Correlative reference model and molecular dynamics simulation of dislocation emission process

A correlative reference model for computer molecular dynamics simulations is proposed. Based on this model, a flexible displacement boundary scheme is introduced and the dislocations emitted from a crack tip can continuously pass through the border of the inner discrete atomic region and pile up at the outer continuum region. The effect of the emitted dislocations within the plastic zone on the inner atomistic region can be clearly demonstrated. The simulations for a molybdinum crystal show that a full dislocation in a bcc crystal is dissociated into three partial dislocations and interaction between the crack and the emitted dislocations results in gradual decrease of the local stress intensity factor.

Phase relaxation model for 2-phase flows

A phase relaxation model (PRM) for 2-phase flows is presented in this paper on the basis of three principal assumptions. The basic equations for PRM arc derived from the Boltzmann equations for gas-partlcle mixture, The general characteristics and solving process of the PRM's basic equations are also presented and discussed. Many terms in the PRM's basic equations contain a factor ε= ρgρp/ρg+ρp2 which is an intrinsic small parameter for 2-phase mixture, with ρg and ρp being respectively the densities of gas and particle phases.This makes it possible to simplify the computation of the PRM's basic equations. The model is applied to for example, studying file steady propagation of shock waves in gas-particle mixture. The analysis shows that with an increase of shock wave strength the relaxation process behind a gasdynamics shock front becomes a kind of dynamics relaxation instead of the standard exponential relaxation process. A method of determining experimentally the velocity and tem...更多perature relaxation rates (or times) of gas-particle flows is suggested and analyzed.

A combined statistical model for multiple motifs search

Transcription factor binding sites (TFBS) play key roles in genebior 6.8 wavelet expression and regulation. They are short sequence segments with de¯nite structure and can be recognized by the corresponding transcription factors correctly. From the viewpoint of statistics, the candidates of TFBS should be quite di®erent from the segments that are randomly combined together by nucleotide. This paper proposes a combined statistical model for ¯nding over- represented short sequence segments in di®erent kinds of data set. While the over-represented short sequence segment is described by position weight matrix, the nucleotide distribution at most sites of the segment should be far from the background nucleotide distribution. The central idea of this approach is to search for such kind of signals. This algorithm is tested on 3 data sets, including binding sites data set of cyclic AMP receptor protein in E.coli, PlantProm DB which is a non-redundant collection of proximal promoter sequences from di®erent species, collection of the intergenic sequences of the whole genome of E.Coli. Even though the complexity of these three data sets is quite di®erent, the results show that this model is rather general and sensible.

A Simple Model For Predicting The Void Fraction Of Gas/Non-Newtonian Fluid Intermittent Flows In Upward Inclined Pipes

In this work, a simple correlation, which incorporates the mixture velocity, drift velocity, and the correction factor of Farooqi and Richardson, was proposed to predict the void fraction of gas/non-Newtonian intermittent flow in upward inclined pipes. The correlation was based on 352 data points covering a wide range of flow rates for different CMC solutions at diverse angles. A good agreement was obtained between the predicted and experimental results. These results substantiated the general validity of the model presented for gas/non-Newtonian two-phase intermittent flows.

Anomalous scattering factor determined by semicircle fitting near the K-absorption edge of Ge

It is shown that the locus of the f' + if '' plot in the complex plane, f' being determined from measured f '' by using the dispersion relation, looks like a semicircle very near the absorption edge of Ge. The semicircular locus is derived from a quantum theory of X-ray resonant scattering when there is a sharp isolated peak in f '' just above the K-absorption edge. Using the semicircular behavior, an approach is proposed to determine the anomalous scattering factors in a crystal by fitting known calculated values based on an isolated-atom model to a semicircular focus. The determined anomalous scattering factors f' show excellent agreement with the measured values just below the absorption edge. In addition, the phase determination of a crystal structure factor has been considered by using the semicircular behavior.

Analysis of steric mass-action model for protein adsorption equilibrium onto porous anion-exchange adsorbent

The ion-exchange equilibrium of bovine serum albumin (BSA) to an anion exchanger, DEAE Spherodex M, has been studied by batch adsorption experiments at pH values ranging from 5.26 to 7.6 and ionic strengths from 10 to 117.1 mmol/l. Using the unadjustable adsorption equilibrium parameters obtained from batch experiments, the applicability of the steric mass-action (SMA) model was analyzed for describing protein ion-exchange equilibrium in different buffer systems. The parametric sensitivity analysis was performed by perturbing each of the model parameters, while holding the rest constant. The simulation results showed that, at high salt concentrations or low pHs close to the isoelectric point of the protein, the precision of the model prediction decreased. Parametric sensitivity analysis showed that the characteristic charge and protein steric factor had the largest effects on ion-exchange equilibrium, while the effect of equilibrium constant was about 70%-95% smaller than those of characteristic charge and steric factor under all conditions investigated. The SMA model with the relationship between the adjusted characteristic charge and the salt concentration can well predict the protein adsorption isotherms in a wide pH range from 5.84 to 7.6. It is considered that the SMA model could be further improved by taking into account the effect of salt concentration on the intermolecular interactions of proteins. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Effects of external magnetic field on the effective g factor of (Ga,Mn)As

With the help of time resolved magneto-optic Kerr rotation measurements, the optically induced spin precession in heavily doped diluted magnetic semiconductor Ga0.937Mn0.063 As was observed. It was found that the effective g factor increases with increasing magnetic field, which is attributed to the magnetic-field-induced increase of the density of the non-localized holes. Those free holes will couple with the localized magnetic ions by p-d interactions, leading to the formation of spontaneous magnetization in Ga0.937Mn0.063As, which in turn to the enhancement of the effective g factor.

Temperature dependence of effective g factor in diluted magnetic semiconductor (Ga,Mn)As

Time resolved magneto-optic Kerr rotation measurements of optically induced spin quantum beats are performed on heavily doped bulk (Ga,Mn)As diluted magnetic semiconductors (DMS). An effective g-factor of about 0.2-0.3 over a wide range of temperature for both as-grown and annealed (Ga,Mn)As samples is obtained. A larger effective g-factor at lower temperature and an increase of the spin relaxation with increasing in-plane magnetic field are observed and attributed to the stronger p-d exchange interaction between holes and the localized magnetic ion spins, leading to a larger Zeeman splitting and heavy-hole-light-hole mixing. An abnormal dip structure of the g-factor in the vicinity of the Curie temperature suggests that the mean-field model is insufficient to describe the interactions and dynamics of spins in DMS because it neglects the short-range spin correlation effect. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics.