艾虎对猎物和捕食者气味的反应

在室内条件下通过双通道选择实验确定艾虎（Mustela eversmanni）在通过不同气味源的场所中的取食量以及利用时间和利用频次，由此分析捕食者气味和猎物气味对艾虎取食行为的影响。研究结果表明，在无任何气味源存在时，艾虎在对照气味和对照气味组这两个场所中的取食量、活动时间和活动频次基本一致。在猎物高原鼠兔（Ochotona curzoniae）气味和对照气味组及高原鼢鼠（Myospalax baileyi）气味和对照气味组的两组实验中，艾虎在通过猎物气味的场所中的取食量、活动时间和活动频次与对照气味场所中比较也无明显的差异，但是在天敌动物赤狐（Vulpes vulpes）气味存在的条件下，艾虎明显减少在通过赤狐气味的场所中的取食量、活动时间和活动频次。同时，当间接捕食风险天敌动物赤狐气味存在时，艾虎明显增加了总的取食量，减少了在巢箱中居住的时间，而将更多的时间停留在无风险的场所中，这说明艾虎能够利用天敌动物赤狐的气味，采用增加取食量和减少高风险区域活动时间的策略来降低被捕食风险。

Reproduction and behavior of plateau pikas (Ochotona curzoniae Hodgson) under predation risk: A field experiment

The mixture of the feces and urine of the red fox (Vulpes vulpes Linnaeus) was used to increase the perception of predation risk of plateau pikas (Ochotona curzoniae Hodgson) in the field. The influence of the predation risk on the reproduction and behavior of plateau pikas was examined through comparing reproductive characteristics and five different kinds of behavior between treatment and control plots. The results showed that 1) the body weight of the pikas was not significantly different between treatment and control plots. 2) The reproductive period of the pikas extended from March to later August in both treatment and control plots. The pregnant ratio, developed testes ratio, reproductive success and sex ratio of the pikas were not significantly different between the treatment and control plots. 3) The pikas increased their observing and calling frequencies and decreased their moving and feeding frequencies when exposed to red fox's feces and urine. 4) The increased red fox's feces and urine had no influence on the behavior of the pikas when the number of their natural enemies increased; the pikas obviously increased the observing frequencies and sharply decreased the calling frequency so as to decrease the direct predation risk. 5) There were no significantly behavioral differences between males and females as well as between adults and young. 6) The results reject the hypothesis 1 that the red fox's feces and urine as indirect predation risk suppresses the reproduction of the pikas and support the hypothesis 2 that the pikas can make decision by changing behavior to avoid the predation risk they encountered whenever.