2 resultados para Eugenia brasiliensis

em Chinese Academy of Sciences Institutional Repositories Grid Portal


Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

本论文应用揭膜方法(Peeling Method)对产于我国西南地区滇东黔西一带晚二叠世地层中的保存有解剖构造的莲座蕨目化石进行了较为深入的研究,包括3 种茎和一种生殖器官。3 种茎中有二种为本文首次研究,均归入辉木属Psaronius Cotta,建立了二个新种:盘县辉木P. panxianensis 和老屋基辉木P. laowujiensis;另外一个种-田氏辉木P. tianii Li(MS)为前人所建立,但未正式发表,本文做了重新研究,新发现了一些特征,并对一些已有特征做了修订。讨论了这3 个种一些重要特征的分类和系统演化意义,这些特征包括:叶迹最后分出时的维管构型、维管束鞘和边缘茎维管束内侧的厚壁组织束。通过对不同地区和不同时代辉木属已有种的特征分析,对辉木属属下分类做了尝试,根据维管束是否结成环状、叶迹维管构型、是否具维管束鞘、边缘茎维管束内侧的厚壁组织束的发育与否、边缘茎维管束是否分叉等特征将辉木属已有种(包括本文所研究的3 个种)分为5 个组:1. Blicklei 组,代表种为Psaronius blicklei Morgan,包括欧美植物区目前已知各种,可能还包括华夏植物区的一些种。它们的主要特征是:不具维管束鞘;边缘茎维管束内侧的厚壁组织束不发育。2.Panxianensis 组,代表种为盘县辉木Psaronius panxianensis He,Wang,Hilton,Tian et Zhou,包括王氏辉木、老屋基辉木、江苏辉木,可能还有八角辉木和六角辉木。最主要特征是:具维管束鞘,简单,仅由薄壁细胞构成;边缘茎维管束内侧具树枝状和伞状或锚状厚壁组织束;叶迹由3 根维管束构成。该组目前仅发现于华南地区二叠系。3. Tianii 组,以田氏辉木Psaronius tianii Li(MS)为代表,目前只有这一个种。该组的主要特征:具维管束鞘,复杂,可分为两层;边缘茎维管束内侧具菊花状厚壁组织束,且每两环维管束之间具两条厚壁组织束,其中一条连续,另一条不连续;叶迹呈歪斜的弓形或M 形;叶迹维管束与茎维管束等粗;边缘茎维管束可分叉。该组目前仅发现于华南地区二叠系。4. Brasiliensis 组,以巴西辉木Psaronius brasiliensis Brongniart 为代表,除巴西辉木外,可能还包括P. sp. Herbst。该组的最主要特征就是其维管束的一端内卷并与主体部分连接形成一个封闭的环状构造;茎中央的维管束小,形态多变,而且排列十分不规则。该组目前仅发现于南美地区二叠系。5. Sinuosus 组,以P. sinuosus Herbst 为代表,目前也只有此一个种。其最主要的特征就是叶迹具多个维管束,且排列无规则;茎维管束非常长,呈盘绕状。该组目前仅发现于南美地区二叠系。生殖器官归入虫囊蕨属Scolecopteris(Zenker)Millay,建立一新种:贵州虫囊蕨。该种仅保存有聚合囊和分散的孢子囊,生殖小羽片不明。孢子囊面向外的壁较厚,但分化,自内向外可分为三部分;孢子具三缝,较大,直径55-60μm。由于该种同时拥有Millay 认为的原始特征(大的孢子)和进化特征(即分化的孢子囊面向外的壁)。很可能Millay 的观点仅仅反映了欧美植物区虫囊蕨属的演化规律。

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

本论文由三部分共四章组成。第一部分介绍丁香化学成分的研究成果,第二部分为升麻的化学成分研究,第三部分综述了环菠萝蜜烷三萜结构和活性关系的研究现状。 第一部分包括第一和第二章。第一章介绍了丁香(Eugenia caryophyllataThunb.)花蕾的化学成分和结构鉴定。采用正、反相硅胶柱层析等各种分离方法,从其乙醇提取物的乙酸乙酯萃取物和正丁醇萃取物中共分离出34 个化合物,它们的结构类型分属黄酮、三萜、鞣质等。其中1 个为新的酚苷类化合物,其结构经波谱分析鉴定为2-O-(6'-O-没食子酰基)-b-D-葡萄糖基苯甲酸甲酯(24),另外还有12 个化合物为首次从该植物中分离得到。第二章介绍了丁香挥发油的气相色谱- 质谱联用( GC-MS )和正丁醇萃取物的高效液相色谱- 质谱联用(HPLC-MS/MS)分析,尝试简单快速地检测丁香挥发油及极性部分的主要化学成分的方法。 第二部分为第三章。本章介绍了传统中药升麻(Cimicifuga foetida L.)根部乙醇提取物化学成分的分离纯化和结构鉴定。通过正、反相硅胶柱层析等分离纯化方法和MS、NMR 等波谱解析技术,共分离鉴定了20 个化合物,主要为环菠萝蜜烷三萜,其中5 个新三萜化合物分别鉴定为cimicidol-3-one(38)、3'-O-乙酰基升麻苷H-1(41)、2'-O-乙酰基升麻苷H-1(42)、(3b,12b,16b)-12-乙酰氧-16,23-环氧-9,19-环羊毛甾烷-22-烯-24-酮3-O-b-D-吡喃木糖苷(44)和升麻碱(54)。新化合物54 为结构新颖的环菠萝蜜烷三萜皂苷生物碱,这是首个发现的具有环菠萝蜜烷三萜骨架的生物碱,也是从升麻属植物中发现的第一个三萜生物碱,它的结构通过多种波谱解析,特别是2D-NMR 的充分应用,并结合化学降解和反应得到证实。此外,还介绍了分离得到的一种具有明显抑制破骨细胞活性的化合物(QS29)的体外活性研究。 第三部分即第四章,综述了升麻属植物中环菠萝蜜烷三萜与其生物活性的构效关系研究现状。 This dissertation consists of three parts. In the first and the second parts, thechemical constituents from the flower buds of Eugenia caryophyllata and therhizomes of Cimicifuga foetida were reported. The third part is a review on astructure-activity relationship of the cycloartane triterpenoid from Cimicifuga species. The first part is composed of two chapters. The chapter 1 is about the isolationand identification of the chemical constituents from the flower buds of E.caryophyllata. A new phenolic glucoside gallate, methyl 2-O-(6’-O-galloyl)-b-D-glucopyranosylbenzoate (24), together with thirty-three known compounds has beenisolated from the ethanol extract of the flower buds of E. caryophyllata throughrepeated column chromatography on normal and reversed phase silica gel. Thestructure of the new compound was elucidated on the basis of spectral and chemicalevidence. Those kno wn compounds were belonged to flavone, triterpenoid, tannin andsome simple compounds. Among them, 12 compounds were isolated from the titleplant for the first time. The second chapter describes the capillary GC-MS analysis ofthe volatile components and the HPLC-MS/MS analysis of the polar constituents fromthe flower buds of E. caryophyllata, in order to detect the main constituents in thecrude extract rapidly and precisely. The third chapter is about the chemical constituents of the rhizomes C. foetida, atraditional Chinese medicine which was used as anti-inflammatory, analgesic andantipyretic agents. Our investigation of the bioactivities constituents of the rhizomesof C. foetida led to the isolation of five new cycloartane triterpenoids, which werecharacterized as cimicidol-3-one (38), 3'-O-acetyl cimicifugoside H-1 (41),2'-O-acetyl cimicifugoside H-1 (42), (3b,12b,16b)-12-acetoxy-16,23-epoxy-9,19-cyclolanost-22-ene-24-one 3-O-b-D-xylopyranoside (44) and cimicifugadine (54),along with fifteen known compounds through repeated column chromatography onnormal and reversed phase silica gel. Among them, 54 is a novel cycloartanealkaloid and first discovered as a new type alkaoid from nature. The structures ofthese compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectral and chemical evidence, andcimicidol-3-one was confirmed by X-ray crystallography analysis. Moreover, onecompound exhibited strong anti-osteoporosis activity in vitro experiment. The fourth part is a review on a structure-activity relationship analysis of thecycloartane triterpenoid from Cimicifuga species.