Identification and characterization of insect-specific proteins by genome data analysis

Background: Insects constitute the vast majority of known species with their importance including biodiversity, agricultural, and human health concerns. It is likely that the successful adaptation of the Insecta clade depends on specific components in its

Data analysis for pump-probe experiment with femtosecond pulses

Various analytical physical models are presented to extract the photodissociation dynamics information from the data obtained in the femtosecond pump-probe experiment. The single- and double-component models are employed to explain the single- and double-channel dissociation of parent molecules. Another single-component model for fragment dissociation or deexcitation is also presented. All cases are explanatorily demonstrated on the pump-probe experimental data.

Sequencing, annotation and comparative analysis of nine BACs of giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca)

A 10-fold BAC library for giant panda was constructed and nine BACs were selected to generate finish sequences. These BACs could be used as a validation resource for the de novo assembly accuracy of the whole genome shotgun sequencing reads of giant panda newly generated by the Illumina GA sequencing technology. Complete sanger sequencing, assembly, annotation and comparative analysis were carried out on the selected BACs of a joint length 878 kb. Homologue search and de novo prediction methods were used to annotate genes and repeats. Twelve protein coding genes were predicted, seven of which could be functionally annotated. The seven genes have an average gene size of about 41 kb, an average coding size of about 1.2 kb and an average exon number of 6 per gene. Besides, seven tRNA genes were found. About 27 percent of the BAC sequence is composed of repeats. A phylogenetic tree was constructed using neighbor-join algorithm across five species, including giant panda, human, dog, cat and mouse, which reconfirms dog as the most related species to giant panda. Our results provide detailed sequence and structure information for new genes and repeats of giant panda, which will be helpful for further studies on the giant panda.

基于日雨量的延安地区降雨侵蚀力动态特征分析

延安地区是黄土高原水土流失最为严重的地区之一。利用延安气象站1951-2005年的日降雨量数据,采用日雨量侵蚀力模型估算延安地区降雨侵蚀力,结果表明:该地区降雨侵蚀力主要集中在6-9月,占到了全年的85.6%。年降雨侵蚀力的平均值为1765.73MJ.mm/(hm2.h),55年间,年降雨侵蚀力变异程度适中,从整体上看,趋势保持平稳,其离差系数Cv和变异趋势系数r分别为0.41和-0.071。

Phosphoproteome analysis of mouse liver using immobilized metal affinity purification and linear ion trap mass spectrometry

Since protein phosphorylation is a dominant mechanism of information transfer in cells, there is a great need for methods capable of accurately elucidating sites of phosphorylation. In recent years mass spectrometry has become an increasingly viable alternative to more traditional methods of phosphorylation analysis. The present study used immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC coupled with a linear ion trap mass spectrometer to analyze phosphorylated proteins in mouse liver. A total of 26 peptide sequences defining 26 sites of phosphorylation were determined. Although this number of identified phosphoproteins is not large, the approach is still of interest because a series of conservative criteria were adopted in data analysis. We note that, although the binding of non-phosphorylated peptides to the IMAC column was apparent, the improvements in high-speed scanning and quality of MS/MS spectra provided by the linear ion trap contributed to the phosphoprotein identification. Further analysis demonstrated that MS/MS/MS analysis was necessary to exclude the false-positive matches resulting from the MS/MS experiments, especially for multiphosphorylated peptides. The use of the linear ion trap considerably enabled exploitation of nanoflow-HPLC/MS/MS, and in addition MS/MS/MS has great potential in phosphoproteome research of relatively complex samples. Copyright (C) 2004 John Wiley Sons, Ltd.

黄土高原灌木林地水分环境特性研究

通过对黄土高原试验示范区的多年定位观测试验 ,并结合调查数据 ,分析了该区灌木林地的土壤水分循环过程 ,大气降水分配特点 ,揭示了灌木林蒸腾耗水特征 ,以及土壤水分动态趋势 ,总结了沙棘、柠条灌木林地土壤水分平衡规律 ,从而为黄土高原绿化、灌木林的合理布局和经营提供了一定的科学依据。

Thermal mechanical and dynamic mechanical property of biphenyl polyimide fibers

High-performance polyimide fibers possess man), excellent properties, e.g., outstanding thermal stability and mechanical properties and excellent radiation resistant and electrical properties. However, the preparation of fibers with good mechanical properties is very difficult. In this report, a biphenvl polyimide from 3,3',4,4'-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride and 4,4'-oxydianiline is synthesized in p-chlorophenol by one-step polymerization. The solution is spun into a coagulation bath of water and alcohol via dry-jet wet-spinning technology. Then, the fibers are drawn in two heating tubes. Thermal gravimetric analysis, thermal mechanical analysis, and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) are performed to study the properties of the fibers. The results show that the fibers have a good thermal stability at a temperature of more than 400degreesC. The linear coefficient of thermal expansion is negative in the solid state and the glass transition temperature is about 265degreesC. DMA spectra indicate that the tandelta of the fibers has three transition peaks, namely, alpha, beta, and gamma transition. The alpha and gamma transition temperature, corresponding to the end-group motion and glass transition, respectively, extensively depends on the applied frequency, while the beta transition does not.

Dynamic mechanical and thermal properties of plasticized poly(lactic acid)

The blends of low molecular weight triacetin (TAC) and oligomeric poly(1,3-butylene glycol adipate) (PBGA) were used as multiple plasticizers to lubricate poly(lactic acid) (PLA) in this study. The thermal and mechanical properties of plasticized polymers were investigated by means of dynamic mechanical analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to analyze the morphologies of the blends. Multiple plasticizers were effective in lowering the glass transition temperature (T-g) and the melting temperature (T-m) of PLA. Moreover, crystallinity of PLA increased with increasing the con-tent of multiple plasticizers. Tensile strength of the blends decreased following the increasing of the plasticizers, but increased in elongation at break. AFM topographic images showed that the multiple plasticizers dispersed between interfibrillar regions. Moreover, the fibrillar crystallite formed the quasicrosslinkings, which is another cause for the increase in elongation at break.

Application of digital image analysis to the study of banded spherulite during growing and melting process

A digital image analysis(DIA) technique can be applied directly to the image obtained by polarizing microscope. The time-resolved DIA apparatus including image collecting, showing and data analysis has been home-made. As an example, it has been used to study the banded spherulite in the blends of poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL) and poly(styrene-ran-acrylonitrile) (SAN).

Binary alloys of nylon 1010 and ethylene-propylene copolymer: Chemical, morphological, and mechanical analysis

The modification of ethylene-propylene copolymer (EPM) has been accomplished by melt grafting of maleic anhydride (MAH) molecules promoted by radical initiators. The resulting EPM-g-MAH and EPM have been used to obtain binary nylon 1010/EPM or nylon 1010/EPM-g-MAH blends by melt mixing. It was found that the EPM-g-MAH copolymer used as the second component has a profound effect upon the properties of the resulting blends. This behavior has been attributed to a series of chemical and physicochemical interactions taking place between the two components. The interactions are due to the presence of the anhydride functionality on the copolymer and do not occur when this functionality is absent. The interaction has been confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic mechanical analysis, and scanning electron microscopic.

渤海海域河流相油藏精细描述技术及应用研究

Aiming at the character of Bohaii Sea area and the heterogeneity of fluvial facies reservoir, litho-geophysics experiments and integrated research of geophysical technologies are carried out. To deal with practical problems in oil fields of Bohai area, such as QHD32-6, Southern BZ25-1 and NP35-2 et al., technology of reservoir description based on seismic data and reservoir geophysical methods is built. In this dissertation, three points are emphasized: ①the integration of multidiscipline; ②the application of new methods and technologies; ③the integration of quiescent and dynamic data. At last, research of geology modeling and reservoir numerical simulation based on geophysical data are integrated. There are several innovative results and conclusion in this dissertation: (1)To deal with problems in shallow sea area where seismic data is the key data, a set of technologies for fine reservoir description based on seismic data in Bohai Sea area are built. All these technologies, including technologies of stratigraphic classification, sedimentary facies identification, structure fine characterization, reservoir description, fluid recognition and integration of geological modeling& reservoir numerical simulation, play an important role in the hydrocarbon exploration and development. In the research of lithology and hydrocarbon-bearing condition, petrophysical experiment is carried out. Outdoors inspection and experiment test data are integrated in seismic forward modeling& inversion research. Through the research, the seismic reflection rules of fluid in porosity are generated. Based on all the above research, seismic data is used to classify rock association, identify sedimentary facies belts and recognition hydrocarbon-bearing condition of reservoir. In this research, the geological meaning of geophysical information is more clear and the ambiguity of geophysical information is efficiently reduced, so the reliability in hydrocarbon forecasting is improved. The methods of multi-scales are developed in microfacies research aiming at the condition of shallow sea area in Bohai Sea: ① make the transformation from seismic information to sedimentary facies reality by discriminant analysis; ②in research of planar sedimentary facies, make microfacies research on seismic scale by technologies integration of seismic multi-attributes analysis& optimization, strata slicing and seismic waveform classification; ③descript the sedimentary facies distribution on scales below seismic resolution with the method of stochastic modeling. In the research of geological modeling and reservoir numerical simulation, the way of bilateral iteration between modeling and numerical simulation is carried out in the geological model correction. This process include several steps: ①make seismic forward modeling based on the reservoir numerical simulation results and geological models; ②get trend residual of forward modeling and real seismic data; ③make dynamic correction of the model according to the above trend residual. The modern integration technology of reservoir fine description research in Bohai Sea area, which is developed in this dissertation, is successfully used in (1)the reserve volume evaluation and development research in BZ25-1 oil field and (2)the tracing while drilling research in QHD32-6 oil field. These application researches show wide application potential in hydrocarbon exploration and development research in other oil fields.

海上时移地震综合解释技术研究与应用

The practical application and development of the time-lapse seismic reservoir monitor technology has indicated which has already become one of most important development technologies in seeking the surplus oil distribution and improving the reservoir recovering. The paper, first obtained the rock physics experiment analysis data according to the Bohai Sea loose sandstone in-situ measure technical, and determined the feasibility research of the S oil-field on the time-lapse seismic reservoir monitoring combining with the time-lapse numeric simulation technology, which was used to analyze the time-lapse seismic respond raw of the reservoir parameters change and pointed out the attentive problems during the real time-lapse seismic processing and interpretation. Next, simply introduced the technical link and the effect of the time-lapse mutual constrained fidelity and match processing aiming at the local complex gathering condition, geological condition, development engineering condition. Third, introduced the time-lapse integrated interpretation and the technical system with the innovative key technology that includes the time-lapse difference explanation technology, the time-lapse seismic multi-attributes integrated interpretation technology, and the time-lapse constrained reservoir parameters inversion technology, and so on. Using the time-lapse difference direct explanation technology, directly obtained the surplus oil macroscopic distribution through the difference seismic data; Using the presenting 8 big principles of the sublayer isochronisms comparison, carried on the time-lapse integrated interpretation analysis on the fine sublayer comparison and the thin oil-layer(group) contrast and the oil layer (group); The paper putted up the research, contrast, applications of the multi-sides sensitive attribute analysis and the RBF nerve network on the nearest study algorithm, and predicted the reservoir parameters and the surplus oil distribution with them; Combining with innovative researches and the time-lapse seismic constrained reservoir parameters inversion technology realized the good combination of the seismic and the reservoir engineering. Fourth, under fully analyzing the geology condition, the reservoir condition, the exploit dynamic data, and the seismic data of the S oil-field, and analyzing the time-lapse difference factors with reservoir dynamic exploit data, calibrated the oil-gas saturation change, the pressure change, the water saturation change, and determined the rationality of the time-lapse seismic difference, and finally obtained the surplus oil distribution, the water flood characteristic understanding, reservoir degasification, and pressure drop raw, and so on, which had been used in the well pattern tightening plan proof of the S oil-field development adjustment plan. Finally, the paper summarized the knowledge and understanding of the marine time-lapse seismic integrated interpretation, also had pointed out the further need researched question.