19 resultados para Deinagkistrodon acutus

em Chinese Academy of Sciences Institutional Repositories Grid Portal


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Using phylogenetic and population genetic approaches, the present study reports the phylogeographic structure of the sharp-snouted pitviper (Deinagkistrodon acutus), a threatened snake species with commercial and medicinal importance in China. The entire mitochondrial ND2 gene (NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2) sequences of 86 individuals of D. acutus from 14 localities across its range in China were determined. Based on the results of phylogenetic analyses, distribution of diagnostic sites, haplotype network, and AMOVA hierarchical analysis, an cast-west division of the whole D. acutus population could be observed. Geographically, a line formed by a lake, river, and mountain chain (the Poyang Lake, Gan River to the southern end of the Wuyi Mountains), results in vicariance and approximately vertically splits the range into two and the whole population into two main lineages (western and eastern). The bifurcating tree suggested generally west to east dispersal trend. The data fit the isolation by distance (IBD) model well. Star-like clusters in haplotype network, significantly negative values of Fs statistics, and unimodal mismatch distributions all suggest recent demographic expansions in four areas. The results show that isolation, dispersal, bottleneck, and expansion jointly constitute the history of D. acutus. In a haplotype network, the excessive predominance of central haplotypes, few medium-frequency haplotypes, predominance (73.1 %) of the singletons among the derived haplotypes, most of which are connected to the central haplotype by only one mutational step, unsymmetrical campanulate unimodal curve of mismatch distributions and leftwards shift of the peaks, all suggest that the whole D. acutus population is a young population with low genetic diversity. Based on the data, the first priority for conservation action should be given to the Huangshan unit. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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对蝮亚科(蛇岛蝮Gloydius shedaoensis Zhao、黑眉蝮Gloydius saxatilis Emelianov、乌苏里蝮Gloydius ussurriensis Emelianov、竹叶青Trimeresurus stejnegeri Schmidt和分别来自不同地区的尖吻蝮Deinagkistrodon acutus Guenther、短尾蝮Gloydius brevicaudus Stejneger各两条)6种蛇共8个个体测定、分析了约370bp线粒体12S rRNA基因序列,以游蛇科链蛇属半棱鳞链蛇Dinodon semicarinatus序列为外群构建分子系统树。

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经sephadex G-75凝胶过滤、QAE-Sephadex A-50和CM-Sephadex C-25离子交换步骤,从湖南产尖吻蝮(Deinagkistrodon acutus)蛇毒中纯化出两个出血毒素,被命名为HaHT-1和HaHT-2。用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(PAGE)和SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳鉴定呈单一的蛋白染色带。两个出血毒素的分子量相同,均为 23.5kDa。等电聚焦电泳测定它们的等电点分别为5.6和5.2。HaHT-1和HaHT-2均具有较强的出血活性(MHD分别为0.5和0.8μg),都有酪蛋白水解活力,无精氨酸酯酶、胆碱酯酶和磷脂酶A_2活力。用CD谱测定HaHT-l和HaHT-2的溶液构象,HaHT-1的α-螺旋、β-折叠和无规卷曲分别为36.9%、35.5%和27.6%,而HaHT-2的α-螺旋、β-折叠和无规卷曲分别为23.4%、31.3%和45.3%。pH的变化对它们构象有影响,在pH2-11范围内,酸性比碱性大。随着酸性或碱性的增加其α-螺旋含量减少,无规卷曲增加,β-折叠结构变化不大。

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将纯化的蛇毒凝血酶(TLE_(3)、TLE_(4)), 经家免试验表明, 2—3凝血酶单位/kg体 重剂量能显著地使家兔全血凝血时间短1/3—1/2。药后1h即有促凝作用, 以2—4h凝血(止血)效应最强, 12h已消失。经家兔及家犬实验性创伤止血实验表明, 对创伤出血有止血作用。表2参11

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通过Sephadex G-75凝胶过滤,QAE-Sephadex A-50和CM_Sephadex C-25离子交换的步骤,我们从湖南产尖吻蝮(Dienagkistrodon acutus)蛇毒中纯化出两个出血毒素,分别称之为DaHT-1和DaHT-2。在聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(PAGE)和SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳中均呈单一蛋白带,显示两个出血毒素皆为电泳纯。DaHT-1和DaHT-2的分子量相同,都为23,500道尔顿,具有相似的氨基酸组成,其中酸性氨基酸(Asx和GLx)分别占23%和24%。经等电聚焦(IEF)测得它们的等电点分别为5.6和5.2。两个出血毒素具有较强的出血活性(MHD分别为0.5和0.8μg),都具蛋白水解酶活力,无精氨酸水解酶和PLA~2活性,但蛋白水解酶活性与出血活性并非正相关。DaHT-1,DaHT-2的最适温度分别为35 ℃,40 ℃;最适pH为6-9。对热不稳定,温度变高于60 ℃,活性完全丧失。在中性和碱性条件下稳定,在酸性条件下不稳定,pH<3,出血活性丧失。EDTA完全抑制,半胱氨酸部分抑制它们的出血活性,表明两个出血毒素都是依赖金属离子的蛋白酶,且二硫键对其活性是必需的。金属离子的分析表明每摩尔毒蛋白大约含0.5摩尔的Zn,1摩尔的Ca,较多的Na,K。Mg,不含Co。两者是糖蛋白,含糖总量分别为11%和7%。用远紫外CD谱探讨DaHT-1和DaHT-2的溶液构象所得DaHT-1的α-螺旋,β-折叠和无规卷曲分别为36.9%,27.6%和31.4%;DaHT-2的α-螺旋,β-折迭和无规卷曲分别为23.4%,37.3%和45.3%。随着pH的增大或减少,DaHT-1和DaHT-2的峰位蓝移,在酸性条件下的变化比在碱性条件下大,计算表明:α-螺旋减少,无规卷曲增多,β-折迭基本未变。温度的影响和pH相似,50 ℃时峰位蓝移,α-螺旋减少,无规卷曲增多。EDTA对其影响很大,0.02M EDTA便导致两个出血毒素呈极度的无序状态。

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Hemorrhagin III (AaH III) was separated and purified from the crude snake venom of Agkistrodon acutus, and its molecule weight was determined accurately to be 23; 284.4 +/- 0.1 by LDI1700-MALDI-TOF-MS. Emission spectra of AaH III showed that Trp residues were located by a great degree in the hydrophobic area. Addition of SDS and guanidine-HCl led to change of the molecular conformation of AaH III, and caused the fluorescence quenching of Trp residues. The red-shifted emission band of AaH III after adding guanidine-HCl showed that Trp residues exposed in polar solvents. The effects of pH, EDTA and metal ions on the fluorescence spectra of AaH III were also investigated.

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研究了几种淬灭剂对皖南尖吻蝮蛇蛇毒出血毒素Ⅲ(AaHⅢ)内源荧光的影响。溴代琥珀酰亚胺(NBS)法测得每个AaHⅢ分子中含有3个色氨酸(Trp)残基。实验得到丙烯酰胺(Acr)和I-的碰撞淬灭常数Ksv分别为38.3和4.27L/mol,fa分别为0.96和0.99,Acr和I-均可以淬灭AaHⅢ分子中几乎全部Trp残基的荧光,初步验证Acr与AaHⅢ分子间无明显的相互作用。利用荧光淬灭方法,结合AaHⅢ的荧光发射光谱可以推断,AaHⅢ中的Trp残基较大程度位于分子表面的亲水区。

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本发明涉及一种蛇毒止血酶,属于生化医药技术领域。本发明的纯度为98%以上的蛇毒止血酶是从尖吻蝮(Dienagkistrodon acutus)蛇毒中得到。该酶分子量为31000 道尔顿,由两个亚基组成;其中α-链由135个氨基酸残基组成,β-链由126个氨基酸残基组成。本发明提供了一种新的蛇毒止血酶,它是从福建产尖吻蝮蛇毒中分离纯化得到的单体,具有见效快、作用强的特点,能应用于临床的各种出血疾病的预防和治疗。

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由中国科学院昆明动物研究所肖昌华研究员主持的“注射用尖吻蝮蛇凝血酶”研究项目, 经国家药品监督管理局审查, 符合国家一类新药审批的有关条件, 批准于2003年4月进入Ⅰ期临床实验 (批件号: 2003L01430). 尖吻蝮蛇凝血酶为我国特产的尖吻蝮(Agkistrodon acutus) 蛇毒中分离纯化的蛇毒凝血酶(Hemocoagulase, 止血酵素), 其生理作用与从矛头蝮 (Bothrope jararoca)蛇毒中得到的蛇毒凝血酶 (Hemocoagnalse, Reptilase. Batroxobin)相似, 但化学结构则完全不同, 是一种新型结构的蛇毒止血酶, 属一类生化药品制剂。

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本发明提供一种具有止血功能的尖吻蝮蛇毒凝血酶Ⅰ及其生产方法。经阴离子交换剂柱层析法分离纯化和快速蛋白纯化工作站程序再纯化,本发明从我国特产尖吻蝮(Agkistrodon acutus)的蛇毒中得到纯度在97%以上的尖吻蝮蛇毒凝血酶Ⅰ;经测定,该酶Ⅰ由A、B两个亚基(链)组成,其中,A亚基含有135个氨基酸,B亚基含有126个氨基酸。与现有蛇毒凝血酶(如Reptilase)相比,它是一个全新的新型酶止血剂;经药理、毒理、药代等研究表明,本发明的尖吻蝮蛇毒凝血酶Ⅰ是一个见效快、副作用小、安全有效的新型止血剂。

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本发明经阴离子交换剂柱层析法分离纯化及快速蛋白纯化工作站程序再纯化,从我国特产尖吻蝮(Agkistrodon acutus)蛇毒中得到纯度在97%以上的尖吻蝮蛇毒凝血酶Ⅱ;经测定,该酶Ⅱ由A、B两个亚基(链)组成,其中,A亚基含有125个氨基酸,B亚基含有123个氨基酸;与现有蛇毒凝血酶(如Reptilase)相比,它是一个全新的新型酶止血剂。经药理、毒理、药代等研究表明,它是一个见效快,副作用小的、安全有效的新型止血剂。