19 resultados para Dantas, San Tiago, 1911-1964

em Chinese Academy of Sciences Institutional Repositories Grid Portal


Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

A total of 66 specimens of Niviventer andersoni with intact skulls was investigated on pelage characteristics and cranial morphometric variables. The data were subjected to principal component analyses as well as to discriminant analyses, and measurement

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

During the parasite fauna investigation within 2005, the freshwater fish trypanosome Trypanosoma siniperca Chang 1964 was isolated from the blood of Mandarin carp (Siniperca chuatsi) from Niushan Lake, Hubei Province, central China. Blood trypomastigotes were observed only, and the density of infection was low. Light microscopy examinations of this material made it possible to study in detail the morphology of this parasite and redescribe it according to current standards. T. siniperca is characterized also on the molecular level using the sequences of SSU rRNA gene. Phylogenetic analyses based on these sequences allowed clearer phylogenetic relationships to be established with other fish trypanosomes sequenced to date.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

During the parasite fauna investigation within 2004 and 2005, the freshwater fish trypanosomes were isolated from the blood of dark sleeper (Odontobutis obscura Temminck and Schlegel) and snakehead fish (Ophiocephalus argus Cantor) from Niushan Lake, Hubei Province, China. Blood trypomastigotes were used for light microscopy investigations. The detailed descriptions of three morphological groups of the genus Trypanosoma: Trypanosoma sp. I and Trypanosoma sp. II found in blood of O. obscura, and Trypanosoma sp. III found in blood of O. argus were provided. Morphological features and host species show Trypanosoma sp. III belong to Trypanosoma ophiocephali Chen 1964, an incompletely described species. Infection with trypanosomes of O. obscura was recorded for the first time. According to the size and appearance, the trypanosomes in O. obscura were also tentatively identified as T. ophiocephali Chen 1964.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

本工作采用DSC方法、红外光谱方法、光学显微镜方法、小角激光光散射方法及X射线衍射和散射方法研究了聚(ε-已内酯)(PCL)/苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物(SAN)共混物的相容性、熔融行为、结晶过程及结晶形态。观察到PCL/SAN共混物在0~30%wt PCL组成范围内,表现出单一的玻璃化转变,这个转变界于两个纯组合的玻璃化转变之间。在红外光谱上观察到PCL的羰基峰随着SAN的混入移向低频率。说明PCL分子与SAN分子之间存在着特殊的相互作用。从熔点下降计算的相互作用参数结果表明,PCL/SAN共混物在热力学上是相容的。共混物中PCL的熔点下降表明SAN分子对于PCL熔融行为是有影响的,同时不同的退火条件对于PCL/SAN共混物的PCL熔点也是有影响的,退火温度越高相应的PCL熔点越高。在PPCL/SAN共混物体中,PCL的球晶生长速率类似于均聚物,并且随着SAN含量的增加球晶生长速率下降,说明SAN分子阻碍了PCL分子链段的迁移,并且可以从理论上模拟共物混物中PCL的线性生长速率。在结晶性的PCL/SAN共混物中,PCL是以球晶形式存在的,在不同的结晶条件下,产生不同的球晶形态。在慢速降温结晶条件,SAN的加入促使PCL片晶发生扭曲形成环状球晶,通过光学显微镜方法和光散射方法计算出扭曲周期,结果表明扭曲周期随着SAN含量的增加而减少,同时也表明球晶半径随着SAN含量的增加而减小。在等温结晶条件下,SAN的加入,使得PCL的球晶半径减小。X射线衍射结果表明SAN分子并不存在PCL晶体中,而小角X射线散射结果表明在共混物中,随着SAN含量的增加,PCL片晶中心之间距离(长周期)逐渐增加,而且片晶与无定形片层的界面是分明的。指出无定形相是存在在PCL的片晶之间。

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

本论文主要借助原子力显微镜(AFM)、X-射线光电子能谱(XPS)等实验手段,纳米尺度上在线原位地研究了高温临界组成PMMMA/SAN(50/50,w/w)共混薄膜体系,分析并探讨了此共混薄膜表面相分离及其超薄膜体系的润湿/去润湿和相分离行为。首先,从敲击式AFM中相位图的成像原理出发,建立了一个高温下用原位AFM定性鉴别不同聚合物的纳米尺寸微区的方法,即:先在基底(硅)上铺展一层非常平坦的单一组分(SAN)薄膜,再在此千膜上,通过旋涂由选择性溶剂(冰醋酸)配制的另一组分(PMMA)的极稀溶液,使之不能形成一层连续的完整膜,最后在高温(175℃)下用敲击模式的原子力显微镜(TM-AFM)检测相位图随退火时间的变化。得到在175℃的相位图中,PMMA富相比SAN的富相显得更暗,这为后续工作提供了定性鉴别相区的方法。其次,高温下用原位AFM研究了PMMA/SAN薄膜表面相分离过程,在线观察了相分离的归并过程,定量地得到了临界相分离温度,并给出了特征波矢对时间依赖关系的标度指数,划分了相分离动力学演变的不同阶段。对于膜厚约为130nm的体系,表面相分离的临界温度大约为165℃,其表面相分离的特征波矢与时间的标度关系q+(t)-t-n,在整个实验时间内,随时间的演变过程中,显示了两个不同的指数变化区,即前期很慢的n=0.13和后期的n=1/3。0.13的指数关系可能是由于表面聚合物链的几何受限及表面富集相把部分新生成的另一相覆盖所致,1/3的指数关系可以认为是由普遍的Brownian扩散所致。而对于膜厚为50曲的此组成共混薄膜,得到的标度关系与C汕n线性理论吻合得非常好的Spinodal Deposition(SD)表面相分离的初期,即n=0,这是由于降低膜厚 增加了共混物的相容性,提高了临界温度,从而减缓了相分离过程,使得在我 们观测的时间范围内更易观察到表面相分离的初期。再次,用阶梯式降温的好M和XPS,发现了PMMA/SAN体系原位和离位实验结果存在巨大差别的主要原因之一—润湿温度的存在。对PMMA/SAN(50/50,w/w,-130nm)共混薄膜体系,原位AFM的退火和准淬火实验表明, 虽然在高温和室温、真空和常态、原位和离位,相分离的聚合物共混薄膜表面 形貌变化不大,但是表面物理性质却有很大的区别。原位XPS实验表明,未经 任何处理的样品在185℃退火时,很快在离表面很薄的下面形成一层PMMA含 量远低于本体值的薄层,之后最表面的PMMA也往本体迁移,直至表面SAN 的含量远高于它的本体值。对已在175℃退火20hr的此样品,逐渐降温退火过 程的原位XPS表明,当退火温度降至145oC时,样品表面几乎完全被PMMA覆盖,很好地验证了Conlposto等提出的润湿温度的假设,即对此体系,润湿温 度是原位和离位存在巨大的差异的主要因素之一,这与原位AFM的实验结果也,存在很好的一致性。最后,高温下原位观察了硅基底上PMMA/SAN超薄膜(膜厚-Rg)的去润湿、相分离过程和PMMA在基底上的润湿过程,以及云母基底上的该体系高温下的稳定润湿行为。以硅为基底的PMM刀sAN共混超薄膜在155”c下发生了类 似sPinodal dewetting的去润湿,其原因可能是在垂直于基底的浓度梯度引起的表面组成的涨落,对这种去润湿的动力学还进行了探讨。以硅为基底的PMMA/SAN共混超薄膜在175℃下不仅发生了类似spinodal dewetting的去润 湿,而且还发生了去润湿液滴内部的相分离以及相分离析出的PMMA润湿硅基底的过程,提出了一个简单的模型描述了这种复杂的过程。此外,还研究了不同基底对此共混超薄膜体系的润湿行为进行了研究,以云母为基底的此共混体系在175℃下长时间内是稳定的,其原因可能是云母与PMMA和SAN均有很强的作用力,足于补偿聚合物链在构象嫡上的损失。

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

National Natural Science Foundation of China [40201005]; Knowledge Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences [KZCX3-SW-321, KZCX2-314, KZCX1-SW-321-4]

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

The thin films of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) (SAN) and their blends were prepared by means of spin-coating their corresponding solutions onto silicon wafers, followed by being annealed at different temperatures. The surface phase separations of PMMA/SAN blends were characterized by virtue of atomic force microscopy (AFM). By comparing the tapping mode AFM (TM-AFM) phase images of the pure components and their blends, surface phase separation mechanisms of the blends could be identified as the nucleation and growth mechanism or the spinodal decomposition mechanism. Therefore, the phase diagram of the PMMA/SAN system could be obtained by means of TM-AFM. Contact mode AFM was also used to study the surface morphologies of all the samples and the phase separations of the blends occurred by the spinodal decomposition mechanism could be ascertained. Moreover, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to characterize the chemical compositions on the surfaces of the samples and the miscibility principle of the PMMA/SAN system was discussed.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

采用种子乳液聚合方式 ,以 K2 S2 O8为引发剂引发聚合 ,合成了一系列 PB- g- SAN接枝共聚物。考察了引发剂用量、分子量调节剂 (TDDM)用量和橡胶 (PB)含量对 PB- g- SAN接枝共聚物接枝率的影响。并将 K2 S2 O8引发剂与氧化 -还原引发体系做了比较。结果表明 ,随着引发剂 K2 S2 O8用量逐渐增加 ,PB- g- SAN接枝共聚物的接枝率逐渐降低。引发剂用量太少时 ,不能满足聚合要求 ,PB- g- SAN接枝共聚物的接枝率也会降低。随着分子量调节剂 (TDDM)用量的增加 ,PB- g- SAN接枝共聚物的接枝率逐渐降低。随胶含量的增加 ,PB- g- SAN接枝共聚物的接枝率逐渐降低。采用氧化 -还原引发体系引发聚合有利于接枝反应的进行 ,在 PB含量相同时 ,采用氧化 -还原引发体系合成的 PB- g- SAN接枝共聚物的接枝率比采用 K2 S2 O8合成的接枝共聚物接枝率高。