63 resultados para DS485.H9 K455 1894

em Chinese Academy of Sciences Institutional Repositories Grid Portal


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Free surface deformation is one of the most important physical phenomena in fluids with free surface. In the present paper, convection and surface deformation caused by thermocapillary effect in a rectangular cavity were investigated. In ground experiments, the convection was also affected by gravity. The cavity has a horizontal cross section of 52mm×42mm and the thikkness of the liquid layer is 4mm. Temperature difference between two sides of the liquid layer was increased gradually, and the flow in liquid layer will develop from steady to unstable convection. An optical diagnostic system consisting of a revised Michelson interferometer with image processor was developed to study fluid surface deformation in convection, and the displacements of free surface oscillation were determined. PIV technique was adopted to observe the evolution of flow pattern, and the velocity fields were obtained quantitatively. The present experiments demonstrate that surface deformation is quite distinct in buoyant-thermocapillary convection. in order to understand the mechanism of buoyant-thermocapillary convection, not only the hydrothermal wave instability but also the surface wave instability should be discussed.

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提出了一种检测光刻机投影物镜密集线焦深(DOF)的新技术。该技术将具有精细结构的测量标记曝光在硅片上,硅片显影后,由光学对准系统获取曝光在硅片上的测量标记图形的对准位置信息,根据对准位置信息计算得到视场中各点的焦深。与传统的FEM焦深测试技术相比,该技术具有测量精度高、速度快、成本低、操作简单等优点,在光刻工艺参数优化及光刻设备性能评价等方面有很好的应用前景。

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In this paper, we report on the multicolor luminescence in oxygen-deficient Tb3+-doped calcium aluminogermanate glasses. A simple method was proposed to control oxygen-deficient defects in glasses by adding metal Al instead of the corresponding oxide (Al2O3), resulting in efficient blue and red emissions from Tb3+-undoped glasses with 300 and 380 nm excitation wavelengths, respectively. Moreover, in Tb3+-doped oxygen-deficient glasses, bright three-color (sky-blue, green or yellow, and red) luminescence was observed with 300, 380, and 395 nm excitation wavelengths, respectively. These glasses are useful for the fabrication of white light-emitting diode (LED) lighting.

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Near-infrared luminescence is observed from bismuth-doped GeS2-Ga2S3 chalcogenide glasses excited by an 808 nm laser diode. The emission peak with a maximum at about 1260 nm is observed in 80GeS(2)-20Ga(2)S(3):0.5Bi glass and it shifts toward the long wavelength with the addition of Bi gradually. The full width of half maximum (FWHM) is about 200 nm. The broadband infrared luminescence of Bi-doped GeS2-Ga2S3 chalcogenide glasses may be predominantly originated from the low valence state of Bi, such as Bi+. Raman scattering is also conducted to clarify the structure of glasses. These Bi-doped GeS2-Ga2S3 chalcogenide glasses can be applied potentially in novel broadband optical fibre amplifiers and broadly tunable laser in optical communication system.

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本论文由2 个相对独立的部分组成: S-DABO 类衍生物体外抗HIV 活性及 其机制研究和AZT-氟喹喏酮类偶联物体外抗HIV-1 活性及其机制研究。 HIV 逆转录酶抑制剂一直是抗HIV 药物研发的热点。该类抑制剂靶定在病 毒复制周期早期,为HAART 疗法提供了很多新的药物组合。目前FDA 批准上 市的逆转录酶抑制剂虽然有很多,但由于较严重的毒副作用、HIV 病毒易变异、 耐药性的出现等问题还需要开发更多的新的逆转录酶抑制剂。本论文对23 个 S-DABO 类化合物和8 个AZT-氟喹喏酮类偶联物的体外抗HIV 活性进行检 测,并对其中活性较高的化合物进行靶点和机制研究。 23 个S-DABO 类化合物采用对C8166 细胞的毒性试验,对HIV-1ⅢB 诱导的 合胞体形成的抑制试验和对HIV-1ⅢB 急性感染的MT-4 细胞的保护试验进行抗 HIV-1 活性初步筛选。试验结果发现所有化合物均对多种HIV 宿主细胞毒性小, 其中22 个化合物具有抗HIV-1 活性,特别是化合物RZK-4 和RZK-5,其对 HIV-1ⅢB 诱导的合胞体形成的SI 值(Selective index)分别为>16666 和>38462; RZK-4 和RZK-5 对HIV-1ⅢB 急性感染的MT-4 细胞的保护的SI 值分别为2666.67 和2150.54,与相应的阳性对照药品NVP(Nevirapine)的SI 值相接近。以p24 抗原水平为指标,对其中20 个化合物的抗HIV-1 活性进行确证,发现这20 个 化合物均能抑制 HIV-1ⅢB p24 抗原的产生,其中RZK-4 和RZK-5 的EC50 值分 别为5.93 和5.74ng/ml,比相应的阳性对照药品NVP(Nevirapine)的EC50 值 要低(27.3ng/ml)。这些化合物对试验株HIV-1MN、临床分离株HIV-1KM018、非 核苷类抑制剂耐药株HIV-1ⅢB A17 也有较好的抑制效果。但这23 个S-DABO 类化合物对HIV-2 病毒株均无抑制作用。通过检测化合物对感染与未感染细胞的 融合的抑制、对HIV-1 逆转录酶和蛋白酶活性的抑制、对慢性感染H9 细胞 (H9/HIV-1ⅢB)中病毒复制的抑制等试验来探讨化合物的抗HIV-1 机制。结果 显示:有20 个化合物对HIV-1 蛋白酶(PR)有抑制作用,其中有17 个化合物 对HIV-1 逆转录酶(RT)有抑制作用;但所有化合物均不能抑制感染与未感染 细胞的融合,也不能抑制慢性感染H9 细胞中病毒的复制。试验结果表明,这 23 个S-DABO 类化合物主要通过抑制HIV-1 逆转录酶来发挥作用,它们是典型 的非核苷类RT 抑制剂。 8 个AZT-氟喹喏酮类偶联物采用对C8166 细胞的毒性试验,对HIV-1ⅢB 诱导的合胞体形成的抑制试验和对HIV-1ⅢB急性感染的MT-4 细胞的保护试验 进行抗HIV-1 活性初步筛选。试验结果发现其中2 个化合物SRLZ 和SROZ 有 较显著的抗HIV-1 活性,其对HIV-1ⅢB诱导的合胞体形成抑制的SI 值分别为 >41667 和>105263;对HIV-1ⅢB 急性感染的MT-4 细胞的保护的SI 值分别为 30162 和 6368,与AZT(Zidothymidine)的SI 值相近似。以p24 抗原水平为 指标,对其抗HIV-1活性进行确证,发现化合物SRLZ和SROZ均能抑制HIV-1ⅢB p24 抗原的产生,其EC50 值分别为 0.71 和2.1ng/ml,比相应的阳性对照药品AZT 的EC50 值要低(3.5ng/ml)。化合物SRLZ 和SROZ 对临床分离株HIV-1KM018 也有较好的抑制活性,其EC50 值分别为1.4 和22ng/ml。通过检测化合物对慢 性感染H9 细胞(H9/HIV-1ⅢB)中病毒复制的抑制试验来探讨化合物的抗HIV-1 机制,结果表明化合物SRLZ 和SROZ 均不能抑制慢性感染H9 细胞中病毒的 复制。通过检测化合物对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制作用来检测其抗菌活性,化合 物SRLZ 和SROZ 对金黄色葡萄球菌有较好的抑制作用,其MIC(Minimum inhibitory concentration)值分别为14.65 和7.32μg/ml,与其相应的阳性对照药 物的MIC 值相类似。试验结果表明:药物—药物偶连这种化学修饰方法并没有 改变AZT-氟喹喏酮类偶联物的抗HIV 作用靶点,但也没有较大地影响到其体 外抗病毒活性和抗微生物活性。

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通过对人免疫缺陷病毒复制过程的抑制作用研究,探索光动力疗法(PDT)在艾滋病防治中的潜在价值。使 用不同稀释浓度的光敏剂血卟啉单甲醚(HMME)和亚甲蓝(MB)分别与人免疫缺陷病毒HIV一1Ⅲs或宿主细胞 MT4,C8166或H9/HIV-IⅢB孵育2 h。以波长630 nm能量密度0.3 J/cm2的半导体激光进行照射。继续孵育若干 小时后,用噻唑蓝(MTT)比色法检测细胞存活率或合胞体计数,同时收集培养上清液用ELISA法检测HIV-I p24 抗原。结果表明,光动力疗法能显著抑制人免疫缺陷病毒诱导的细胞一细胞融合(HMME-PDT抑制率64.68%, MB-PDT抑制率61.56%)和病毒一细胞融合(HMME—PDT抑制率85%,Mt}PDT抑制率73.64%),并对游离病毒 有很强的杀伤作用,最高可达到100%。光动力疗法不能抑制慢性感染期和急性感染2 h后病毒的复制过程。可 见光动力疗法对游离病毒和病毒感染诱导的膜融合有显著抑制作用,有可能为艾滋病的防治提供一种新的方法。

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目的:研究从药用植物金佛山雪胆分离的雪胆素A和雪胆素B两个三萜类化合物的体外抗HIV活性.方法:应用合胞体抑制实验、p24抗原产生的抑制实验、慢性感染细胞和正常细胞间的细胞融合抑制实验等技术检测化合物的体外抗HIV-l活性;利用HIV-l逆转录酶、蛋白酶抑制实验,NCp7锌离子逐出实验探讨化合物的作用机制.结果:雪胆素A和雪胆素B在体外有较好的抑制HIV-l活性,其活性主要表现为:(1)抑制HIV-l诱导合胞体形成,EC50值分别为3.09 μg·mL-1和2.53μg·mL-1;(2)抑制HIV- 急性感染的C8106细胞p24抗原产生,EC50值分别为3.97μg·mL-1和18.90μg·mL-1;(3)抑制HIV-1 慢性感染H9与正常C8166细胞间融合,EC50分别为1.76μg·mL-1和11.95μg·mL-1.雪胆素A和雪胆素B对HIV-l逆转录酶、蛋白酶、NCp7锌离子逐出均没有抑制作用.雪胆素A对HIV-1整合酶有微弱的结合活性,而雪胆素B对HIV-1整合酶没有结合活性.在共培养实验中,雪胆素A和雪胆素B预处理C8166细胞组比未经预处理细胞组能够更有效的抑制HIV-l活性.结论:化合物雪胆素A和雪胆素B体外有较好的抗HIV-1活性,可能主要作用于HIV-1病毒进入细胞阶段.

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目的:研究八棱丝瓜蛋白1的抗HIV-1活性.方法:通过实验株HIV-1IIIIB诱导合胞体形成抑制实验、HIV-1IIIB和临床分离株HIV-IKM018急性感染细胞以及HIV-1IIIB慢性感染细胞的p24抗原表达抑制实验检测八棱丝瓜蛋白1的抗HIV-1活性.结果:八棱丝瓜蛋白1抑制HIV-1IIIB诱导C8106细胞形成合胞体的EC50为0.025 μmol·L-1,治疗指数为76.八棱丝瓜蛋白1抑制HIV-1IIIB感染C8166和HIV-1KM018感染PBMC的p24抗原表达的EC50分别为0.033和0.207 μmol·L-1.八棱丝瓜蛋白1不抑制HIV-1IIIB在慢性感染H9细胞中的复制.结论:首次发现八棱丝瓜蛋白1是一种具有抗HIV-1活性的核糖体失活蛋白.

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】目的: 研究4'- 乙酰胺苯基4- 胍基苯甲酸酯(AGB)抗 HIV-1 活性及作用靶点。方法: 通过 AGB对宿主细胞的毒性实验、合胞体抑制实验、融合阻断实验、对HIV-1感染细胞的保护作用实 验和对HIV-1急性感染细胞p24抗原产生的抑制作用等试验,观察AGB对HIV-1复制的影响和作 关键词: AGB; HIV-1; 病毒进入; 杀微生物剂; 杀精子活性 中图分类号: R967; 文献标识码: A 文章编号: 0253-357X(2005)11-0660-05 本研究为国家高技术研究发展计划(2003AA219142)、国 家科技攻关计划 (2004BA719A14)、中国科学院知识创新 工程重要方向(KSCX2-SW-216; KSCX12-SW-11)、云南 省科技攻关计划(2004NG12)和云南省生育调节与少数民 族优生研究重点实验室资助项目 通讯作者: 郑永唐; Tel: +86-871-5195684; Fax:+86-871-5191823; E-mail: zhengyt@mail.kiz.ac.cn 在我国, 人免疫缺陷病毒(human immunodeficiency virus, HIV)危害日趋严重,处在全国低流行 与局部地区及特定人群高流行并存的态势。卫生部 的数据显示,截止2005 年3 月底,全国累计报告 HIV 感染者114 703 例。专家估计我国实际HIV 感 染者超过100 万人。预计到2010 年, 全国HIV感染 者将突破千万。截止2004 年底, 云南省累计报告的 HIV 感染者已达28 391 人, 是全国流行最严重的地 区。艾滋病流行正由高危人群向一般人群传播。 新的证据显示近年来由性传播途径感染的比例有所 上升, 女性感染者的比例有较大幅度的上升, 迫切需 要发展一种女性可自主控制的方法 [1]。杀微生物剂 是可以局部用药于阴道和宫颈、能够杀灭或抑制 包括HIV等病毒性和细菌性病原体、人工合成或天 然的药物。具有避孕作用的杀微生物剂更是近年 来的研究热点,也具有广阔的应用前景[2,3]。 顶体酶是存在于精子顶体内的一种类胰蛋白 酶, 它是受精过程中的一种重要的蛋白水解酶, 此酶 能水解卵细胞的透明带, 使精子能够与卵细胞相融 合; 顶体酶还能促进生殖系统中激肽的释放, 后者能 够增强精子的活力和促进精子的运动, 顶体酶的失 活将导致不孕[4]。AGB(4'- 乙酰胺苯基 4- 胍基苯甲 酸酯)是顶体酶的抑制剂, 实验表明在多种动物中有 很好的杀精子作用[5-7]。Bourimbaiar等[8]曾报道AGB 还具有体外抗HIV-1的作用, 活性较N-9高, 且毒性 较小。在本实验中, 我们发现AGB 的体外抗HIV-1 活性主要是阻断HIV-1 进入细胞。 用机制。结果: AGB抑制HIV-1IIIB诱导C8166细胞形成合胞体, EC50为39.5 μg/ml; 抑制HIV-1感染 细胞上清中HIV-1 p24抗原的表达, EC50为33.36 μg/ml; 阻断HIV-1慢性感染H9细胞与正常C8166 细胞间融合的作用。结论: AGB具有阻断HIV-1 进入宿主细胞的作用,是一种有前景的具杀精子 作用的杀微生物剂。

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Trichosanthin (TCS) is a type 1 ribosome-inactivating protein (RIP) effective against HIV-1 replication. The mechanism is not clear. Present results suggested that the antiviral action tray be partly mediated through enhanced apoptosis on infected cells. TCS induced apoptosis in normal H9 cells and this action was more potent in those infected with HIV-1. In flow cytometry study, TCS induced larger population of apoptotic H9 cells chronically infected with HIV-1 in a dose-dependent manner. At TCS concentration of 25 mu g/ml. 8.4% of normal H9 cells were found to be apoptotic whereas the same concentration induced 24.5% in HIV-1 chronically infected cells. Such difference was not found in the control experiments without TCS treatment. Two other studies supported this action. Cytotoxic study showed that cell viability was always lower in HIV-1 infected cells after TCS treatment, and DNA fragmentation studs confirmed more laddering in infected cells. The mechanism of TCS induced apoptosis in normal or infected H9 cells is not clear. Results in this study demonstrated that TCS is snore effective in inducing apoptosis in HIV-1 infected cells. This may explain in part the antiviral action of TCS. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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在稳定运行三年的复合垂直流构建湿地中试系统中进行了水体中痕量有机物的净化研究。进水为东湖茶港附近的湖水。水流方式为下行流 -上行流 ,进水方式采用间歇式 ,间隔为 8h ,水力负荷为 80 0mm3/(mm2 ·d)。采用C18反相SPE柱富集萃取中试系统的进出水及自来水 ,然后对其进行GC/MS分析 ,结果表明 ,东湖水主要为石油烃污染 ,酞酸酯类污染严重 ,自来水中亦存在痕量有机物的污染。复合垂直流构建湿地中试系统的出水比进水中痕量有机物的种类及数量均有所减少 ,说明这种系统有助于水体中痕量有机物的去

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To determine the environmental factors influencing C, phytoplankton chlorophyll a (Ch1 a), field investigations 4 were conducted in three river-connected lakes (Dongting Lake, Poyang Lake and Shijiu Lake) of the Yangtze floodplain in 2004. Results showed that the average Chi a concentration in these lakes ranged from 2.98 to 3.65 mg m(-3). The major factors influencing Chl a in lentic and lotic regions were total phosphorus (TP) and water velocity (U), respectively. Multiple relationships including total nitrogen (log(10)TN) and water depth (log(10)Z) were established. Further analyses found that the absolute Chi a and slope of log(10)Chl a=f (log(10)TP) in the river-connected lakes were obviously lower than those in the river-isolated lakes. This suggests the river-lake connectivity can significantly modify relationship between TP and chlorophyll a concentration.

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Although new empirical evidence shows that sympatric speciation has occurred in some species, there are few indisputable model organisms for this process of speciation. The two subspecies (Gymnocypris eckloni eckloni and G. e. scoliostomus) of the schizothoracine Gymnocypris fish species complex from a small glacier lake in the Tibetan Plateau, Lake Sunmcuo, fit several of the key characteristics of the sympatric speciation model. We used combined mitochondrial control region sequences and the cytochrome b gene (1894 bp) to address the phylogenetics and population genetics of 232 specimens of G. e. eckloni and G. e. scoliostomus, as well as all of its closely related sister species. We found that: (i) a total of four old lineages were uncovered in the widespread G. e. eckloni, of which only one was shown to be shared with all G. e. scoliostomus individuals and (ii) the new subspecies (G. e. scoliostomus) evolved in Lake Sunmcuo from the ancestral G. e. eckloni population within approximately 0.057 Ma. These two taxa of the species complex are morphologically distinct, and reproductive isolation is further suggested. Ecological disruptive selection based on morphological traits (e.g. mouth cleft characters) and food utilization may be a mechanism of incipient speciation of two sympatric populations within Lake Sunmcuo. This study provides the first genetic evidence for sympatric speciation in the schizothoracine fish.