A Continuation Method of Parameter Inversion for Non-Equilibrium Convection-Dispersion Equation

Based on the homotopy mapping, a globally convergent method of parameter inversion for non-equilibrium convection-dispersion equations (CDEs) is developed. Moreover, in order to further improve the computational efficiency of the algorithm, a properly smooth function, which is derived from the sigmoid function, is employed to update the homotopy parameter during iteration. Numerical results show the feature of global convergence and high performance of this method. In addition, even the measurement quantities are heavily contaminated by noises, and a good solution can be found.

A Continuation Method Applied to the Study of Thermocapillary Instabilities in Liquid Bridges

A continuation method is applied to investigate the linear stability of the steady, axisymmetric thermocapillary flows in liquid bridges. The method is based upon an appropriate extended system of perturbation equations depending on the nature of transition of the basic flow. The dependence of the critical Reynolds number and corresponding azimuthal wavenumber on serval parameters is presented for both cylindrical and non-cylindrical liquid bridges.

Algorithm for simulating fracture processes in concrete by lattice modeling

To simulate fracture behaviors in concrete more realistically, a theoretical analysis on the potential question in the quasi-static method is presented, then a novel algorithm is proposed which takes into account the inertia effect due to unstable crack propagation and meanwhile requests much lower computational efforts than purely dynamic method. The inertia effect due to load increasing becomes less important and can be ignored with the loading rate decreasing, but the inertia effect due to unstable crack propagation remains considerable no matter how low the loading rate is. Therefore, results may become questionable if a fracture process including unstable cracking is simulated by the quasi-static procedure excluding completely inertia effects. However, it requires much higher computational effort to simulate experiments with not very high loading rates by the dynamic method. In this investigation which can be taken as a natural continuation, the potential question of quasi-static method is analyzed based on the dynamic equations of motion. One solution to this question is the new algorithm mentioned above. Numerical examples are provided by the generalized beam (GB) lattice model to show both fracture processes under different loading rates and capability of the new algorithm.

Anti HIV-1 agents 5: Synthesis and anti-HIV-1 activity of some N-arylsulfonyl-3-acetylindoles in vitro

In continuation of our program aimed at the discovery and development of compounds with superior anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) activity, 21N-arylsulfonyl-3-acetylindole analogs (2a-u) were synthesized and preliminarily evaluated as HIV-1 inhibitors in vitro. Among of all the analogs, several compounds exhibited significant anti-HIV-1 activity, especially N-phenylsulfonyl-3-acetyl-6-methylindole (2j) and N-(p-ethyl)phenylsulfonyl-3-acetyl-6-methylindole (2n) showed the most potent anti-HIV-1 activity with EC50 values of 0.36 and 0.13 mu g/mL, and TI values of >555.55 and 791.85, respectively. It demonstrated that introduction of the acetyl group at the 3-position of N-arylsulfonyl-6-methylindoles could generally lead to the more potent analogs. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

函数式语言方法在网络交互程序中的应用

网络应用程序中为了保持程序的交互性,服务器端的控制程序如CGI(command gateway interface)程序需要在不同的脚本程序之问切换,这样不可避免的会造成控制信息的丢失.为了避免这些问题,介绍了将函数式程序设计语言的一些方法,如Continuation、CPS(eontinuationpassing style)等,并将它们应用到网络程序设计中,不仅简化了设计过程,也提高了程序的安全性,并可以在更一般的语言中实现.

基于函数式方法的CGI程序设计

由于HTTP 天生的无状态性质，Web 程序设计中产生了这样一个问题：在两个连续的用户交互之间会遗忘状态信息。一个交互性的 Web 应用程序由一组脚本构成，每个交互都包含两个脚本，一个脚本向浏览器递交页面（然后结束），用户及时完成并提交表单，然后另一个（可能是不同的）脚本处理提交的表单。所以，应用程序逻辑分布在多个脚本之间。 由于浏览器还允许用户在交互中回溯，或者克隆一个正在处理中的交互过程，之后并行执行这两个交互过程，所以问题变得更加复杂。Web 开发框架（例如 Spring 和 Struts）允许处理多个交互，但是它们进一步提高了整体上已经很复杂的代码库的复杂性。 在本文中，我们将几种函数式方法应用到Web程序设计中，从而简化复杂 Web 应用程序的开发。我将从介绍 continuation 的应用开始，逐步引入CPS，Trampoline，Lambda Lifting等函数式方法，通过用Scheme语言编写的一个CGI实例详细展示函数式方法的效果，并进一步将这些方法在C语言中实现。

Possible magnetic and antimagnetic rotations in Dy-144

High spin states of Dy-144 have been studied through in-beam gamma-ray spectroscopy by using the reaction Mo-92(Fe-56,2p2n). It has been found that the continuation of the ground-state band forks into three Delta I=2 bands above the 8(+) state. This forking has been attributed to the alignments of pi h(11/2)(2) or nu h(11/2)(-2) configurations with the help of the systematics in neighboring nuclei. Additionally a negative-parity sideband of Delta I=2 cascades has been observed to start from the 5((-)) state and continue to a dipole band above the (13(-)) state through another negative-parity sideband of Delta I=2 cascades in between. These structures have been discussed from the viewpoint of a competition between "Magnetic Rotation" and "Anti-magnetic Rotation" based on a classical particles-plus-rotor model.

Examination of Antioxidative System's Responses in the Different Phases of Drought Stress and During Recovery in Desert Plant Reaumuria soongorica (Pall.) Maxim

The aim of this study was to test the protective roles of superoxide dismutases (SODs), guaiacol peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and glutathione reductase (GR) against oxidative damage and their activities in different phases of the dry down process in Reaumuria soongorica (Pall.) Maxim. leaves. Drought stress was imposed during 100 consecutive days and rewatering after 16, 72, and 100 days. The concentration of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde, and SODs activities were elevated significantly with progressing drought stress. POD and CAT activities increased markedly in the early phase of drought and decreased significantly with further drought stress continuation, and POD activity was unable to recover after rewatering. Ascorbate, reduced glutathione, APX, and GR activities declined in the initial stages of drought process, elevated significantly with further increasing water deficit progression and recovered after rewatering. These results indicate that: (1) iron SODs-removing superoxide anion is very effective during the whole drought stress; (2) CAT scavenges H2O2 in the early phase of drought and enzymes of ascorbate-glutathione cycle scavenge H2O2 in further increasing drought stress; and (3) POD does not contribute to protect against oxidative damage caused by H2O2 under drought stress.

同伦算法在并联机器人运动学中的应用

讨论同伦算法求解并联机器人运动学正问题。通过参系数同伦法大大减少了跟踪路径的数目，从而提高了同伦算法的效率使之对求解一般非线性代数方程组更为可行。采用这一算法，求出了中科院沈阳自动化研究所机器人开放研究实验室的新型并联机器人模型的全部正解，为新模型的机构分析和实时控制提供了理论依据。

残留盆地分布综合地球物理研究——以大港地区为例

Macro-distribution of residual basins is a basic question in residual basin research，the main object of macro-distribution study is to build strata framework, compute thickness of residual strata and analyze characteristics of residual basins. With the guidance of the theory of integrated geology and geophysical research, the paper assembled series of methods and established the technical chart based on gravity and magnetic data, with restriction of geology, seismic and drilling data. Based on potential field data processing and analysis, forward and inverse computation, region potential field analysis and potential field separation, etc. it computed depth of gravity/magnetic basement and got strata framework. It had got effective results in the research of macro-distribution of residual basin research in the Dagang area. It did the wavelet transform of gravity/magnetic data with multi-kind of wavelet basis using a trou algorithm. From comparison of processing result and their spectral of wavelet analysis, up continuation and filter method, the wavelet approximation is better to fit the regional potential field, and it is an effective method to separate gravity/magnetic effect caused by deep geology bodies. The experiment of matching pursuit shows that te transform domain methods have great advantage in potential data analysis. From the integrated geophysical study of rock property study, gravity/magnetic basement inversion and fault system analysis of the Dagang area, it gets the strata framework and the thickness of pre-Cenozoic residual strata. Comprehensive study with gravity and magnetotelluric profile inversion and interpretation, three prospect plays of macro-distribution of residual basins are fingered out. It has great residual strata thickness in the northern part of Chengning Uplift and there is thrust fault in the deep zone and good up-Paleozoic hydrocarbon source rocks in this area. With integrated analysis, this area will be the most prospective hydrocarbon location of pre-Cenozoic residual basins.

有源电磁扩散场克希霍夫积分偏移

As active electromagnetic method, field data of CSAMT method follow the equation of diffusion. Propagting in solid earth media, diffusion EM signal has strong attenuation and dispersion, otherwise seismic wave shows weak attenuation and dispersion, therefore the resolution power of CSAMT method is not better than seismic reflection method. However, there is consistence and similarity between EM signal and seismic wave in wave equation, we can apply Kirchhoff integral migration technique, a proven one in seismic method in time domain, to carry out seduo-seismic processing for CSAMT signal in frequency domain so that the attenuation and dispersion could be made compensated in some extent, and the resolution power and interpretation precision of active EM wave could be improved. Satisfying passive homogeneous Helmholtz quation, we proceed with Green theorem and combine the active inhomogenous Helmholtz quation, the Kirchhoff integral formula could be derived. Given practical problems, if we only consider the surface integral value, and assume that the intergral value in other interface is zero, combined with Green theorem in uniform half space, the expression could be simplified, and we can obtain frequency-domain Kirchhoff integral formula in surface, which is also called downward continuation of EM field in frequency domain. With image conditions and energy compensation considered, in order to get image conditions in time domain Fourier inverse transformation in frequency domain can be performed, so we can formulate the active Kirchhoff integral migration expression. At first, we construct relative stratified model, with different frequency series taken into account, then we change the distances between transmitter and reciever, the EM response can be obtained. Analyzing the EM properties, we can clarify near and far zone that can instruct us to carry out transmitter layout in practical application. Combined with field data surveyed in far zone, We perform Kirchhoff integral migration and compare the results with model to interpret. Secondly, with far field EM data, we apply TM mode to get EM response of given 2D model, then apply Kirchhoff integral migration on modelling data and interpret the results.

鄂尔多斯盆地西缘中生代构造与地层分析及盆地演化研究

Through the detailed analyses of Mesozoic tectono-stratigraphy and basin formation dynamic mechanism and the styles of different units in the western margin of Ordos Basin(Abbreviated to "the western margin"), while some issues of the pre-Mesozoic in the western margin and central part of Ordos Basin also be discussed, the main views and conclusion as follows: 1. There are three types of depositional systems which are related with syndepositional tectonic actions and different tectonic prototype basins, including: alluvial fan systems, river system (braided river system and sinuosity river system), lacustrine-river delta system and fan delta system. They have complex constitutions of genetic facies. For the tectonic sequence VI, the fan sediments finning upper in the north-western margin and coarse upper in the south-western margin respectively. 2. In order to light the relationship between basin basement subsidence rate and sediment supply and the superposed styles, five categories of depositional systems tracts in different prototype basins were defined: aggrading and transgressive systems tracts during early subsidence stage, regressive and aggrading systems tracts during rapid subsidence, upper transgessive systems tracts during later subsidence stage. Different filling characteristics and related tectonic actions in different stages in Mesozoic period were discussed. 3. In order to determined the tectonic events of the provenance zones and provenance strata corresponding to basins sediments, according the clastics dispersal style and chemical analyses results of sediments in different areas, the provenance characteristics have been described. The collision stage between the "Mongolia block" and the north-China block may be the late permian; The sediments of Mesozoic strata in the north-western margin is mainly from the Alex blocks and north-Qilian Paleozoic orogeny, while the south-western margin from Qinling orogeny. The volcanic debris in the Yan'an Formation may be from the arc of the north margin of north-China block, although more study needed for the origin of the debris. The provenance of the Cretaceous may be from the early orogeny and the metamorphic basement of Longshan group. 4. The subsidence curve and subsidence rate and sedimentary rate in different units have been analyzed. For different prototype basin, the form of the subsidence curves are different. The subsidence of the basins are related with the orogeny of the basins.The beginning age of the foreland basin may be the middle Triassic. The change of basement subsidence show the migration of the foredeep and forebulge into the basin. The present appearance of the Ordos basin may be formed at the late stage of Cretaceous, not formed at the late Jurassic. 5. The structure mode of the west margin is very complex. Structure transfer in different fold-thrust units has been divided into three types: transfer faults, transition structures and intersected form. The theoretic explanations also have been given for the origin and the forming mechanism. The unique structure form of Hengshanpu is vergent west different from the east vergence of most thrust faults, the mechanism of which has been explained. 6. In Triassic period, the He1anshan basin is extensional basin while the Hengshanbu is "forland", and the possible mechanism of the seemingly incompatible structures has been explained. First time, the thesis integrate the Jurassic—early Cretaceous basins of west margin with the Hexi corridor basins and explain the unitive forming mechanism. The model thinks the lateral extrusion is the main mechanism of the Hexi corridor and west margin basins, meanwhile, the deep elements and basement characters of the basins. Also, for the first time, we determine the age of the basalt in Helanshan area as the Cretaceous period, the age matching with the forming of the Cretaceous basins and as the main factor of the coal metamorphism in the Helanshan area. 7. The Neoprotterozoic aulacogen is not the continuation of the Mesozoic aulacogen, while it is another new rift stage. In the Paleozoic, the Liupanshan—southern Helanshan area is part of the back-arc basins of north Qilian ocean. 8. The Helanshan "alacogen" is connected with the north margin of north China block, not end at the north of Zhouzishan area like "appendices". Also, I think the upper Devonian basin as the beginning stage of the extensional early Carboniferous basins, not as a part of the foreland basins of Silurian period, not the collision rift. 9. The controlling factor of the difference of the deformation styles of the north-west margin and the south-west margin is the difference of the basements and adjacent tectonic units of the two parts.

地震波场延拓+菲涅尔体叠加方法及成像效果

In the increasingly enlarged exploration target, deep target layer(especially for the reservoir of lava) is a potential exploration area. As well known, the reflective energy becomes weak because the seismic signals of reflection in deep layer are absorbed and attenuate by upper layer. Caustics and multi-values traveltime in wavefield are aroused by the complexity of stratum. The ratio of signal to noise is not high and the fold numbers are finite(no more than 30). All the factors above affect the validity of conventional processing methods. So the high S/N section of stack can't always be got with the conventional stack methods even if the prestack depth migration is used. So it is inevitable to develop another kind of stack method instead. In the last a few years, the differential solution of wave equation was hold up by the condition of computation. Kirchhoff integral method rose in the initial stages of the ninetieth decade of last century. But there exist severe problems in it, which is are too difficult to resolve, so new method of stack is required for the oil and gas exploration. It is natural to think about upgrading the traditionally physic base of seismic exploration methods and improving those widely used techniques of stack. On the other hand, great progress is depended on the improvement in the wave differential equation prestack depth migration. The algorithm of wavefield continuation in it is utilized. In combination with the wavefield extrapolation and the Fresnel zone stack, new stack method is carried out It is well known that the seismic wavefield observed on surface comes from Fresnel zone physically, and doesn't comes from the same reflection points only. As to the more complex reflection in deep layer, it is difficult to describe the relationship between the reflective interface and the travel time. Extrapolation is used to eliminate caustic and simplify the expression of travel time. So the image quality is enhanced by Fresnel zone stack in target. Based on wave equation, high-frequency ray solution and its character are given to clarify theoretical foundation of the method. The hyperbolic and parabolic travel time of the reflection in layer media are presented in expression of matrix with paraxial ray theory. Because the reflective wave field mainly comes from the Fresnel Zone, thereby the conception of Fresnel Zone is explained. The matrix expression of Fresnel zone and projected Fresnel zone are given in sequence. With geometrical optics, the relationship between object point in model and image point in image space is built for the complex subsurface. The travel time formula of reflective point in the nonuniform media is deduced. Also the formula of reflective segment of zero-offset and nonzero offset section is provided. For convenient application, the interface model of subsurface and curve surface derived from conventional stacks DMO stack and prestack depth migration are analyzed, and the problem of these methods was pointed out in aspects of using data. Arc was put forward to describe the subsurface, thereby the amount of data to stack enlarged in Fresnel Zone. Based on the formula of hyperbolic travel time, the steps of implementation and the flow of Fresnel Zone stack were provided. The computation of three model data shows that the method of Fresnel Zone stack can enhance the signal energy and the ratio of signal to noise effectively. Practical data in Xui Jia Wei Zhi, a area in Daqing oilfield, was processed with this method. The processing results showed that the ability in increasing S/N ratio and enhancing the continuity of weak events as well as confirming the deep configuration of volcanic reservoir is better than others. In deeper target layer, there exists caustic caused by the complex media overburden and the great variation of velocity. Travel time of reflection can't be exactly described by the formula of travel time. Extrapolation is bring forward to resolve the questions above. With the combination of the phase operator and differential operator, extrapolating operator adaptable to the variation of lateral velocity is provided. With this method, seismic records were extrapolated from surface to any different deptlis below. Wave aberration and caustic caused by the inhomogenous layer overburden were eliminated and multi-value curve was transformed into the curve.of single value. The computation of Marmousi shows that it is feasible. Wave field continuation extends the Fresnel Zone stack's application.