Two bifurcation transitions of the floating half zone convection in a fat liquid bridge of larger Pr

The transient process of the thermocapillary convection was obtained for the large Pu floating half zone by using the method of three-dimensional and unsteady numerical simulation. The convection transits directly from steady and axisymmetric state to oscillatory flow for slender liquid bridge, and transits first from steady and axisymmetric convection to the steady and non-axisymmetric convection, then, secondly to the oscillatory convection for the fatter liquid bridge. This result implies that the volume of liquid bridge is not only a sensitive critical parameter for the onset of oscillation, but also relates to the new mechanism for the onset of instability in the floating half zone convection even in case of large Prandtl number fluid.

Proper orthogonal decomposition of oscillatory Marangoni flow in half-zone liquid bridges of low-Pr fluids

Proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) using method of snapshots was performed on three different types of oscillatory Marangoni flows in half-zone liquid bridges of low-Pr fluid (Pr = 0.01). For each oscillation type, a series of characteristic modes (eigenfunctions) have been extracted from the velocity and temperature disturbances, and the POD provided spatial structures of the eigenfunctions, their oscillation frequencies, amplitudes, and phase shifts between them. The present analyses revealed the common features of the characteristic modes for different oscillation modes: four major velocity eigenfunctions captured more than 99% of the velocity fluctuation energy form two pairs, one of which is the most energetic. Different from the velocity disturbance, one of the major temperature eigenfunctions makes the dominant contribution to the temperature fluctuation energy. On the other hand, within the most energetic velocity eigenfuction pair, the two eigenfunctions have similar spatial structures and were tightly coupled to oscillate with the same frequency, and it was determined that the spatial structures and phase shifts of the eigenfunctions produced the different oscillatory disturbances. The interaction of other major modes only enriches the secondary spatio-temporal structures of the oscillatory disturbances. Moreover, the present analyses imply that the oscillatory disturbance, which is hydrodynamic in nature, primarily originates from the interior of the liquid bridge. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

半浮区小Pr数液桥热毛细对流的实验探讨

研究了半浮区汞液桥实验装置，以探讨小Prandtl数流体的热毛细对流及其不稳定性。发展了非接触光学监测汞桥的表面流动及形变的方法。实验观察热毛细对流及其受表面膜的影响，证明表面膜的形成严重抑制了与热毛细对流有关的行为。实验给出发生振荡的条件及其特征。实验表明：所观察到的临界Marangoni数远比数值模拟值为高。讨论了表面膜的生成条件和过程，以及所观察到的有表面膜情况下的表面振荡现象。并给出了该振荡的特征和频率。

微重力条件下开口矩形容器的小Pr热毛细对流

采用数值方法研究了微重力条件下开口矩形容器内小Prandtl数镓(Ga)熔体生长过程中定常热毛细对流，讨论了Re数、几何纵横比A和侧壁外加温差的相对高度H对熔体内温度场和流场分布的影响。计算结果表明，热毛细对流对熔体温度分布有明显的影响，从而影响着晶体生长过程。自由面两侧温度差很小(如0.1K)时，熔体内温度场将发生变化；当温度差增加即Re数增加时，热毛细对流加强，对流和扩散相互作用导致温度场分布更加不均匀。无论多小的H值，若自由面存在温差，都会驱动热毛细对流；随着H值增加，热毛细对流会扩展到整个熔区。几何纵横比A对熔体内温度场和流场也有影响，当A比较大时，在固/液界面附近扩散起主导作用。

液池中大Pr数流体的热流体波

数值研究零重力条件下浅液池中大Pr数流体（Pr=105．6）的热流体波．液池的两侧有不同的温度，形成一定的温度差．当温度差增加并超过临界温度差时，在液池中会出现从冷端向热端传播的行波．扰动温度，扰动速度和扰动压强的相位关系表明这种行波为扰动温度所驱动，为热流体波．热流体波很弱，在热流体波出现时，在液池中几乎观测不到振荡的流场和温度分布．对热流体波的形成机理进行了分析和讨论．

Simultaneous three-photon absorption induced ultraviolet upconversion in Pr3+:Y2SiO5 crystal by femtosecond laser irradiation

Near-infrared to ultraviolet upconversion luminescence was observed in the Pr3+ :Y2SiO5 crystal with 120 fs, 800 mn infrared laser irradiation. The observed emissions at around 270 nm and 305 nm could be assigned to 5d -> 4f transitions of Pr3+ ions. The relationship between the upconversion luminescence intensity and the pump power of the femtosecond laser reveals that the UV emission belongs to simultaneous three-photon absorption induced upconversion luminescence. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Cooperative downconversion in GdAl3(BO3)(4): RE3+,Yb3+ (RE=Pr, Tb, and Tm)

An efficient near-infrared (NIR) quantum cutting (QC) in GdAl3(BO3)(4):RE3+,Yb3+ (RE=Pr, Tb, and Tm) phosphors has been demonstrated, which involves the conversion of the visible photon into the NIR emission with an optimal quantum efficiency approaching 200%, by exploring the cooperative downconversion mechanism from RE3+ (RE=Pr, Tb, and Tm) excitons to the two activator ions, Yb3+. The development of NIR QC phosphors could open up a new approach in achieving high efficiency silicon-based solar cells by means of downconversion in the visible part of the solar spectrum to similar to 1000 nm photons with a twofold increase in the photon number. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics.

Cooperative downconversion in Yb3+-RE3+ (RE = Tm or Pr) codoped lanthanum borogermanate glasses

We report on cooperative downconversion in Yb3+-RE3+ (RE = Tm or Pr) codoped lanthanum borogermanate glasses (LBG), which are capable of splitting a visible photon absorbed by Tm3+ or Pr3+ ions into two near-infrared photons. The results indicate that Pr3+-Yb3+ is a more efficient ion couple than Tm3+-Yb3+ in terms of cooperative downconversion. We have obtained a highest quantum yield of 165% and 138% for Pr3+-Yb3+ and Tm3+-Yb3+ codoped LBG glasses under 468 nm excitation, respectively. However, ultraviolet light excitation to the charge transfer band of Yb3+ does not result in quantum splitting as rapid relaxation from the charge transfer band to 4f(13) levels of Yb3+ dominates. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America