Analysis for temperature and pressure fields in process of hydrate dissociation by depressurization

An improved axisymmetric mathematic modeling is proposed for the process of hydrate dissociation by depressurization around vertical well. To reckon in the effect of latent heat of gas hydrate at the decomposition front, the energy balance equation is employed. The semi-analytic solutions for temperature and pressure fields are obtained by using Boltzmann-transformation. The location of decomposition front is determined by solving initial value problem for system of ordinary differential equations. The distributions of pressure and temperature along horizontal radiate in the reservoir are calculated. The numeric results indicate that the moving speed of decomposition front is sensitively dependent on the well pressure and the sediment permeability. Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Use of nitrocellulose films for affinity-directed mass spectrometry for the analysis of antibody/antigen interactions

Combination of affinity extraction procedures with mass spectrometric analyses is termed affinity-directed mass spectrometry, a technique that has gained broad interest in immunology and is extended here with several improvements from methods used in previous studies. A monoclonal antibody was immobilized on a nitrocellulose (NC) membrane, allowing the corresponding antigen to be selectively captured from a complex solution for analysis by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOFMS). This method was also used to rapidly determine the approximate binding region responsible for the antibody/antigen interaction. The tryptic fragments of antigen protein in buffer were applied to the antibody immobilized on NC film and allowed to interact. The NC film was then washed to remove salts and other unbound components, and subjected to analysis by MALDI-TOFMS. Using interferon-alpha (2a) and anti-interferon-alpha (2a) monoclonal antibody IgG as a model system, we successfully extracted the antigen protein and determined the approximate binding region for the antigen/antibody interaction (i.e., the tryptic fragment responsible). Copyright (C) 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Relationship between viscoelastic transition and yield behavior of phenolphthalein poly(ether ketone)

The viscoelastic behavior of phenolphthalein poly(ether ketone) (PEK-C) and its relationship to yielding was studied. The following phenomena were observed: (1) The relaxation behavior at strain near yield closely approximated that at low strain but near the T-g; (2) the temperature and strain rate dependence of yield stress could be modeled by the one-process Eyring theory and the value of the activation volume was the same as that of the glass transition; and (3) according to the Zhurkov-Bueche equation, the cu transition was related to the yield behavior. All these results indicated that the glass transition was the main factor that controlled the yield behavior. (C) 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.